AIM： To study the significance of serum anti-hepatitis E virus （HEV） IgA in patients with hepatitis E. METHODS： A new method was established to assay anti-HEY IgA, which could be detected in the middle phase of th...AIM： To study the significance of serum anti-hepatitis E virus （HEV） IgA in patients with hepatitis E. METHODS： A new method was established to assay anti-HEY IgA, which could be detected in the middle phase of the infection. We compared anti-HEV IgA assay with anti-HEV IgM and anti-HEV IgG assay in sera from 60 patients with positive HEV-RNA. RESULTS： The 60 patients with positive HEV-RNA had both anti-HEV IgA and anti-HEV IgM and 410 patients with negative HEV-RNA were used as control. Periodic serum samples obtained from 60 patients with hepatitis E were tested for HEV RNA, anti-HEV IgM, anti-HEV IgA and anti-HEV IgG. Their HEV-RNA was detectable in the serum until 20 ±11 d. We used anti-HEV IgM and anti-HEV IgA assay to detect HEV infection and positive results were found in 90 ± 15 d and 120 ±23 d respectively, the positive rate of anti-HEV IgA was higher than that of anti-HEV IgM and HEV-RNA （P 〈0.05）. CONCLUSION： The duration of anti-HEV IgA in serum is longer than that of anti-HEV IgM, and anti-HEV IgA assay is a good method to detect HEV infection.展开更多
AIM： To construct the plasmid pcHEV23 containing fragments of HEV ORF2 and ORF3 chimeric gene and to assess its ability to elicit specific immunologic response in mice. METHODS： The gene encoding the structural prot...AIM： To construct the plasmid pcHEV23 containing fragments of HEV ORF2 and ORF3 chimeric gene and to assess its ability to elicit specific immunologic response in mice. METHODS： The gene encoding the structural protein of HEV ORF2 fragment and full-length ORF3 was amplified by PCR. The PCR products were cloned into an eucaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3. The resulting plasmid pcHEV23 was used as a DNA vaccine to inoculate BALB/c mice intramuscularly thrice at a dose of 100 or 200 ug. Mice injected with empty pcDNA3 DNA or saline served as control and then specific immune responses in the mice were detected. RESULTS： After 2-3 times of inoculation, all mice injected with pcHEV23 had anti-HEV IgG seroconversion and specific T lymphocyte proliferation. The lymphocyte stimulation index in the group immunized with pcHEV23 （3.1＋0.49） was higher than that in the control group （0.787±0.12, P〈0.01）. None in the control group had a detectable level of anti-HEV IgG. CONCLUSION： DNA vaccine containing HEV ORF2 and ORF3 chimeric gene can successfully induce specific humoral and cellular immune response in mice.展开更多
Hepatitis E virus(HEV)is one of the leading causes of acute viral hepatitis worldwide.Although most of HEV infections are asymptomatic,some patients will develop the symptoms,especially pregnant women,the elderly,and ...Hepatitis E virus(HEV)is one of the leading causes of acute viral hepatitis worldwide.Although most of HEV infections are asymptomatic,some patients will develop the symptoms,especially pregnant women,the elderly,and patients with preexisting liver diseases,who often experience anorexia,nausea,vom-iting,malaise,abdominal pain,and jaundice.HEV infection may become chronic in immunosuppressed individuals.In addition,HEV infection can also cause several extrahepatic manifestations.HEV exists in a wide range of hosts in nature and can be transmitted across species.Hence,animals susceptible to HEV can be used as models.The establishment of animal models is of great significance for studying HEV transmission,clinical symptoms,extrahepatic manifestations,and therapeutic strategies,which will help us understand the pathogenesis,prevention,and treatment of hepatitis E.This review summarized the animal models of HEV,including pigs,monkeys,rabbits,mice,rats,and other animals.For each animal species,we provided a concise summary of the HEV genotypes that they can be infected with,the cross-species transmission pathways,as well as their role in studying extrahepatic manifestations,prevention,and treatment of HEV infection.The advantages and disadvantages of these animal models were also emphasized.This review offers new perspectives to enhance the current understanding of the research landscape surrounding HEV animal models.展开更多
Objective To investigate the prevalence and levels of anti-HEV IgG in the population of Jiangsu Province.Methods Total of 2 656 samples from Qindong and 11 463 samples from Anfeng were colleted.The antiHEV antibody wa...Objective To investigate the prevalence and levels of anti-HEV IgG in the population of Jiangsu Province.Methods Total of 2 656 samples from Qindong and 11 463 samples from Anfeng were colleted.The antiHEV antibody was qualitatively and quantitatively detected using ELISA kits and the references had been established.Results The positive rates of anti-HEV IgG in male and female were 55.6%and 40.1%,respectively.The positive rate of anti-HEV IgM in male and female were both 3.4%.In opposite to anti-HEV IgG,the positive rate of anti-HEV IgM in Anfeng was significant higher than that in Qindong.The mean anti-HEV IgG titers for6 age groups were 0.94,0.92,1.07,1.46,1.27,1.19 and 0.68,1.31,1.08,1.14,1.31,1.68 IU/ml,in Qindong and Anfeng region,respectively.The positive rate of anti-HEV IgG tended to increase with age and the titer of antiHEV IgG was associated with age(R>0.90).Conclusions The results in this study showed that HEV was widely prevalent in both Qindong and Anfeng of Jiansu Province and the prevalence and the anti-HEV IgG titer were associated with gender and age.展开更多
The significance of hepatitis E virus(HEV)as an important public health problem is rising.Until a decade ago,cases of HEV infection in Eur-ope were mainly confined to returning travelers,but nowadays,hepatitis E repre...The significance of hepatitis E virus(HEV)as an important public health problem is rising.Until a decade ago,cases of HEV infection in Eur-ope were mainly confined to returning travelers,but nowadays,hepatitis E represents an emerging zoonotic infection in many European countries.The aim of this manuscript is to perform a systematic review of the published literature on hepatitis E distribution in humans,animals and environmental samples("One Health"concept)in the South-Eastern European countries.Comparison of the available data showed that the anti-HEV seroprevalence in the South-Eastern Europe varies greatly,depending on the population studied,geographical area and methods used.The IgG seroprevalence rates in different population groups were found to be 1.1%-24.5%in Croatia,up to 20.9%in Bulgaria,5.9-%17.1%in Romania,15%in Serbia,up to 9.7%in Greece and 2%-9.7%in Albania.Among possible risk factors,older age was the most significant predictor for HEV seropositivity in most studies.Higher seroprevalence rates were found in animals.HEV IgG antibodies in domestic pigs were detected in 20%-54.5%,29.2%-50%,38.94%-50%and 31.1%-91.7%in Serbia,Bulgaria,Romania and Croatia,respectively.In wild boars seroprevalence rates were up to 10.3%,30.3%and 31.1%in Romania,Slovenia and Croatia,respectively.A high HEV RNA prevalence in wild boars in some countries(Croatia and Romania)indicated that wild boars may have a key role in the HEV epidemiology.There are very few data on HEV prevalence in environmental samples.HEV RNA was detected in 3.3%and 16.7%surface waters in Slovenia and Serbia,respectively.There is no evidence of HEV RNA in sewage systems in this region.The available data on genetic characterization show that human,animal and environmental HEV strains mainly belong to the genotype 3.展开更多
目的了解广西地区猪、鼠、狗、猕猴和鱼5种动物戌型肝炎病毒（HEV）基因型和亚型分布。方法对广西地区猪、鼠、狗HEV抗体阳性血清170份,鼠肝组织150份,3月龄以下狗粪便标本80份,鱼胆汁标本120份,3月龄以下猪粪便标本129份,龙虎山自然景...目的了解广西地区猪、鼠、狗、猕猴和鱼5种动物戌型肝炎病毒（HEV）基因型和亚型分布。方法对广西地区猪、鼠、狗HEV抗体阳性血清170份,鼠肝组织150份,3月龄以下狗粪便标本80份,鱼胆汁标本120份,3月龄以下猪粪便标本129份,龙虎山自然景区猴粪便标本130份,用巢式逆转录聚合酶链反应法（RT-nPCR）检测戊型肝炎病毒核糖核酸（HEV RNA）,对RT-nPCR阳性扩增产物进行克隆测序,用Vector NTI Suite 9.0和Treeview软件与目前新分型方法所选参考序列进行核苷酸序列相似性比较和生物进化树分析。结果广西地区170份猪、鼠和狗血清HEV RNA检测均为阴性。在150份鼠肝组织,120份鱼胆汁标本,80份狗和130份猕猴粪便标本中均未检出HEV RNA;3月龄以下猪粪便标本HEV RNA阳性率10.08（13/129）。对13株猪HEV开放读码框架（ORF）1区部分核酸序列进行分析,其与Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ型HEV的相似性分别为73%～77%,76%～79%,76%～81%,82%～97%;与6个亚型的相似分别为4a：82%～94%;4b：82%～98%;4c：82%～87%;4d：81%～87%;4f：84%～86%;4g：81%～84%,其中2株与Ⅳa亚型相似性是高为82%～94%,11株与Ⅳb亚型相似性最高为82%～98%。结论广西地区猪HEV均为基因型4,2株属于基因型Ⅳa,Ⅱ株为Ⅳb。HEV在猪、鼠、狗血清、鼠肝组织、鱼胆汁、狗和猕猴粪便标本中均未检出。展开更多
旨在探索应用长爪沙鼠(Meiiones unguiculataus)构建戊型肝炎病毒(hepatitis E virus,HEV)动物模型的可行性,从猪粪便稀释悬液中提取HEV RNA并鉴定,经腹腔和口服接种HEV于长爪沙鼠,并每周采集血液、相关器官(心、肝、脾、肺、肾、肠系...旨在探索应用长爪沙鼠(Meiiones unguiculataus)构建戊型肝炎病毒(hepatitis E virus,HEV)动物模型的可行性,从猪粪便稀释悬液中提取HEV RNA并鉴定,经腹腔和口服接种HEV于长爪沙鼠,并每周采集血液、相关器官(心、肝、脾、肺、肾、肠系膜淋巴结、脾脏)及粪便。用反转录PCR(RT-PCR)和免疫组化等检测方法分析各个样品。结果表明,感染后第7天开始,可从血液、肾脏、脾脏、肠系膜淋巴结、肝脏、肺、粪便中检测到HEV RNA;通过免疫组化和组织病理学观察,发现HEV可在肝脏中进行表达,并且能引起肝组织病理变化,但感染HEV后长爪沙鼠均缺乏较明显的临床表现症状。结果提示,长爪沙鼠对HEV具有易感性,感染后肝脏出现小叶性肝炎的病理变化,具有作为HEV感染动物模型的潜在价值。展开更多
选用1～3岁龄的猕猴(maca mulatta)15只(其中有2只对照)进行了戊型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis E virus简称HEV)的感染实验。第1代感染两批动物:第1批感染4只,3只发病;第2批感染4只,全部发病。后用第2批感染猴的粪便及肝脏悬液作为第1代,进行第...选用1～3岁龄的猕猴(maca mulatta)15只(其中有2只对照)进行了戊型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis E virus简称HEV)的感染实验。第1代感染两批动物:第1批感染4只,3只发病;第2批感染4只,全部发病。后用第2批感染猴的粪便及肝脏悬液作为第1代,进行第2代感染。第2代感染4只猴,也全部发病,用肝悬液传代的1只猴也发病。感染后发病的猴血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)水平均有不同程度的上升,一般高于正常值3～6倍,最高可10倍左右。肝活检可见肝细胞炎症和坏死。猴的粪便标本用免疫电镜(IEM)检测可见直径为27～34nm的病毒颗粒。展开更多
文摘AIM： To study the significance of serum anti-hepatitis E virus （HEV） IgA in patients with hepatitis E. METHODS： A new method was established to assay anti-HEY IgA, which could be detected in the middle phase of the infection. We compared anti-HEV IgA assay with anti-HEV IgM and anti-HEV IgG assay in sera from 60 patients with positive HEV-RNA. RESULTS： The 60 patients with positive HEV-RNA had both anti-HEV IgA and anti-HEV IgM and 410 patients with negative HEV-RNA were used as control. Periodic serum samples obtained from 60 patients with hepatitis E were tested for HEV RNA, anti-HEV IgM, anti-HEV IgA and anti-HEV IgG. Their HEV-RNA was detectable in the serum until 20 ±11 d. We used anti-HEV IgM and anti-HEV IgA assay to detect HEV infection and positive results were found in 90 ± 15 d and 120 ±23 d respectively, the positive rate of anti-HEV IgA was higher than that of anti-HEV IgM and HEV-RNA （P 〈0.05）. CONCLUSION： The duration of anti-HEV IgA in serum is longer than that of anti-HEV IgM, and anti-HEV IgA assay is a good method to detect HEV infection.
基金Supported by the Grants from the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province, No. RC01054, Science Technology Department of Zhejiang Province, No. F11023 and Key Project of Health Bureau of Zhejiang Province
文摘AIM： To construct the plasmid pcHEV23 containing fragments of HEV ORF2 and ORF3 chimeric gene and to assess its ability to elicit specific immunologic response in mice. METHODS： The gene encoding the structural protein of HEV ORF2 fragment and full-length ORF3 was amplified by PCR. The PCR products were cloned into an eucaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3. The resulting plasmid pcHEV23 was used as a DNA vaccine to inoculate BALB/c mice intramuscularly thrice at a dose of 100 or 200 ug. Mice injected with empty pcDNA3 DNA or saline served as control and then specific immune responses in the mice were detected. RESULTS： After 2-3 times of inoculation, all mice injected with pcHEV23 had anti-HEV IgG seroconversion and specific T lymphocyte proliferation. The lymphocyte stimulation index in the group immunized with pcHEV23 （3.1＋0.49） was higher than that in the control group （0.787±0.12, P〈0.01）. None in the control group had a detectable level of anti-HEV IgG. CONCLUSION： DNA vaccine containing HEV ORF2 and ORF3 chimeric gene can successfully induce specific humoral and cellular immune response in mice.
基金This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82272396)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(226-2022-00061).
文摘Hepatitis E virus(HEV)is one of the leading causes of acute viral hepatitis worldwide.Although most of HEV infections are asymptomatic,some patients will develop the symptoms,especially pregnant women,the elderly,and patients with preexisting liver diseases,who often experience anorexia,nausea,vom-iting,malaise,abdominal pain,and jaundice.HEV infection may become chronic in immunosuppressed individuals.In addition,HEV infection can also cause several extrahepatic manifestations.HEV exists in a wide range of hosts in nature and can be transmitted across species.Hence,animals susceptible to HEV can be used as models.The establishment of animal models is of great significance for studying HEV transmission,clinical symptoms,extrahepatic manifestations,and therapeutic strategies,which will help us understand the pathogenesis,prevention,and treatment of hepatitis E.This review summarized the animal models of HEV,including pigs,monkeys,rabbits,mice,rats,and other animals.For each animal species,we provided a concise summary of the HEV genotypes that they can be infected with,the cross-species transmission pathways,as well as their role in studying extrahepatic manifestations,prevention,and treatment of HEV infection.The advantages and disadvantages of these animal models were also emphasized.This review offers new perspectives to enhance the current understanding of the research landscape surrounding HEV animal models.
文摘Objective To investigate the prevalence and levels of anti-HEV IgG in the population of Jiangsu Province.Methods Total of 2 656 samples from Qindong and 11 463 samples from Anfeng were colleted.The antiHEV antibody was qualitatively and quantitatively detected using ELISA kits and the references had been established.Results The positive rates of anti-HEV IgG in male and female were 55.6%and 40.1%,respectively.The positive rate of anti-HEV IgM in male and female were both 3.4%.In opposite to anti-HEV IgG,the positive rate of anti-HEV IgM in Anfeng was significant higher than that in Qindong.The mean anti-HEV IgG titers for6 age groups were 0.94,0.92,1.07,1.46,1.27,1.19 and 0.68,1.31,1.08,1.14,1.31,1.68 IU/ml,in Qindong and Anfeng region,respectively.The positive rate of anti-HEV IgG tended to increase with age and the titer of antiHEV IgG was associated with age(R>0.90).Conclusions The results in this study showed that HEV was widely prevalent in both Qindong and Anfeng of Jiansu Province and the prevalence and the anti-HEV IgG titer were associated with gender and age.
文摘The significance of hepatitis E virus(HEV)as an important public health problem is rising.Until a decade ago,cases of HEV infection in Eur-ope were mainly confined to returning travelers,but nowadays,hepatitis E represents an emerging zoonotic infection in many European countries.The aim of this manuscript is to perform a systematic review of the published literature on hepatitis E distribution in humans,animals and environmental samples("One Health"concept)in the South-Eastern European countries.Comparison of the available data showed that the anti-HEV seroprevalence in the South-Eastern Europe varies greatly,depending on the population studied,geographical area and methods used.The IgG seroprevalence rates in different population groups were found to be 1.1%-24.5%in Croatia,up to 20.9%in Bulgaria,5.9-%17.1%in Romania,15%in Serbia,up to 9.7%in Greece and 2%-9.7%in Albania.Among possible risk factors,older age was the most significant predictor for HEV seropositivity in most studies.Higher seroprevalence rates were found in animals.HEV IgG antibodies in domestic pigs were detected in 20%-54.5%,29.2%-50%,38.94%-50%and 31.1%-91.7%in Serbia,Bulgaria,Romania and Croatia,respectively.In wild boars seroprevalence rates were up to 10.3%,30.3%and 31.1%in Romania,Slovenia and Croatia,respectively.A high HEV RNA prevalence in wild boars in some countries(Croatia and Romania)indicated that wild boars may have a key role in the HEV epidemiology.There are very few data on HEV prevalence in environmental samples.HEV RNA was detected in 3.3%and 16.7%surface waters in Slovenia and Serbia,respectively.There is no evidence of HEV RNA in sewage systems in this region.The available data on genetic characterization show that human,animal and environmental HEV strains mainly belong to the genotype 3.
文摘目的了解广西地区猪、鼠、狗、猕猴和鱼5种动物戌型肝炎病毒（HEV）基因型和亚型分布。方法对广西地区猪、鼠、狗HEV抗体阳性血清170份,鼠肝组织150份,3月龄以下狗粪便标本80份,鱼胆汁标本120份,3月龄以下猪粪便标本129份,龙虎山自然景区猴粪便标本130份,用巢式逆转录聚合酶链反应法（RT-nPCR）检测戊型肝炎病毒核糖核酸（HEV RNA）,对RT-nPCR阳性扩增产物进行克隆测序,用Vector NTI Suite 9.0和Treeview软件与目前新分型方法所选参考序列进行核苷酸序列相似性比较和生物进化树分析。结果广西地区170份猪、鼠和狗血清HEV RNA检测均为阴性。在150份鼠肝组织,120份鱼胆汁标本,80份狗和130份猕猴粪便标本中均未检出HEV RNA;3月龄以下猪粪便标本HEV RNA阳性率10.08（13/129）。对13株猪HEV开放读码框架（ORF）1区部分核酸序列进行分析,其与Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ型HEV的相似性分别为73%～77%,76%～79%,76%～81%,82%～97%;与6个亚型的相似分别为4a：82%～94%;4b：82%～98%;4c：82%～87%;4d：81%～87%;4f：84%～86%;4g：81%～84%,其中2株与Ⅳa亚型相似性是高为82%～94%,11株与Ⅳb亚型相似性最高为82%～98%。结论广西地区猪HEV均为基因型4,2株属于基因型Ⅳa,Ⅱ株为Ⅳb。HEV在猪、鼠、狗血清、鼠肝组织、鱼胆汁、狗和猕猴粪便标本中均未检出。
文摘选用1～3岁龄的猕猴(maca mulatta)15只(其中有2只对照)进行了戊型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis E virus简称HEV)的感染实验。第1代感染两批动物:第1批感染4只,3只发病;第2批感染4只,全部发病。后用第2批感染猴的粪便及肝脏悬液作为第1代,进行第2代感染。第2代感染4只猴,也全部发病,用肝悬液传代的1只猴也发病。感染后发病的猴血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)水平均有不同程度的上升,一般高于正常值3～6倍,最高可10倍左右。肝活检可见肝细胞炎症和坏死。猴的粪便标本用免疫电镜(IEM)检测可见直径为27～34nm的病毒颗粒。
