Unprecedented advances have been achieved in hepatobiliary cancer treatment with immune checkpoint blockade(ICB).However,the efflcacy of ICB in patients with hepatobiliary malignancies is still limited.Resistance to i...Unprecedented advances have been achieved in hepatobiliary cancer treatment with immune checkpoint blockade(ICB).However,the efflcacy of ICB in patients with hepatobiliary malignancies is still limited.Resistance to immunotherapies is often orchestrated by complicated tumor-host-microenvironment interactions but could also occur after initial efflcacy,mostly when only partial responses are obtained.Clarification of cancer-resistance mechanisms will be beneficial to provide the rationale for the administration of personalized drugs.Here,we review the factors related to resistance to immune-targeted therapies in hepatobiliary malignancies and discuss the potential strategies for overcoming resistance and future directions of immunotherapy development.展开更多
Background:The mortalities of hepatobiliary malignancies are high.With the failure of conventional chemotherapy and unsatisfactory outcome of molecular targeted drugs,immune-based therapy has become a new focus of res...Background:The mortalities of hepatobiliary malignancies are high.With the failure of conventional chemotherapy and unsatisfactory outcome of molecular targeted drugs,immune-based therapy has become a new focus of research in hepatobiliary cancers treatment.Data sources:We performed a Pub Med search with relevant articles published up to May 2022 and the following keywords:cellular immunotherapy,hepatobiliary cancer,antigen receptor T cell therapy,and receptor-engineered T cell.Information of clinical trials was obtained from https://clinicaltrials.gov/.Results:Cell therapies for hepatobiliary malignancies are at early stage of development.The current review showed that cellular therapies are safe and feasible in patients.These findings provide an important platform for future lager scale clinical trials on immunotherapy in patients with hepatobiliary malignancies.Conclusions:With the continuous advances of cellular immunotherapy,the combination of cellular immunotherapy with surgery,chemotherapy and radiotherapy will be new therapeutic strategies for patients with hepatobiliary cancer.展开更多
Endoscopic stent placement is a common primary management therapy for benign and malignant biliary strictures.However,continuous use of stents is limited by occlusion and migration.Stent technology has evolved signifi...Endoscopic stent placement is a common primary management therapy for benign and malignant biliary strictures.However,continuous use of stents is limited by occlusion and migration.Stent technology has evolved significantly over the past two decades to reduce these problems.The purpose of this article is to review current guidelines in managing malignant and benign biliary obstructions,current endoscopic techniques for stent placement,and emerging stent technology.What began as a simple plastic stent technology has evolved significantly to include uncovered,partially covered,and fully covered self-expanding metal stents (SEMS) as well as magnetic,bioabsorbable,drug-eluting,and antireflux stents.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81930041,31870907,91842103)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Z19H100001)。
文摘Unprecedented advances have been achieved in hepatobiliary cancer treatment with immune checkpoint blockade(ICB).However,the efflcacy of ICB in patients with hepatobiliary malignancies is still limited.Resistance to immunotherapies is often orchestrated by complicated tumor-host-microenvironment interactions but could also occur after initial efflcacy,mostly when only partial responses are obtained.Clarification of cancer-resistance mechanisms will be beneficial to provide the rationale for the administration of personalized drugs.Here,we review the factors related to resistance to immune-targeted therapies in hepatobiliary malignancies and discuss the potential strategies for overcoming resistance and future directions of immunotherapy development.
基金supported by grants from the International Science and Technology Cooperation Projects(2016YFE0107100)the Capital Special Research Project for Health Development(2014-2-4012)+3 种基金the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(L172055 and 7192158)the National Ten-thousand Talent Programthe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(3332018032)the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Science(CIFMS)(2017-I2M-4-003 and 2018-I2M-3-001)。
文摘Background:The mortalities of hepatobiliary malignancies are high.With the failure of conventional chemotherapy and unsatisfactory outcome of molecular targeted drugs,immune-based therapy has become a new focus of research in hepatobiliary cancers treatment.Data sources:We performed a Pub Med search with relevant articles published up to May 2022 and the following keywords:cellular immunotherapy,hepatobiliary cancer,antigen receptor T cell therapy,and receptor-engineered T cell.Information of clinical trials was obtained from https://clinicaltrials.gov/.Results:Cell therapies for hepatobiliary malignancies are at early stage of development.The current review showed that cellular therapies are safe and feasible in patients.These findings provide an important platform for future lager scale clinical trials on immunotherapy in patients with hepatobiliary malignancies.Conclusions:With the continuous advances of cellular immunotherapy,the combination of cellular immunotherapy with surgery,chemotherapy and radiotherapy will be new therapeutic strategies for patients with hepatobiliary cancer.
文摘Endoscopic stent placement is a common primary management therapy for benign and malignant biliary strictures.However,continuous use of stents is limited by occlusion and migration.Stent technology has evolved significantly over the past two decades to reduce these problems.The purpose of this article is to review current guidelines in managing malignant and benign biliary obstructions,current endoscopic techniques for stent placement,and emerging stent technology.What began as a simple plastic stent technology has evolved significantly to include uncovered,partially covered,and fully covered self-expanding metal stents (SEMS) as well as magnetic,bioabsorbable,drug-eluting,and antireflux stents.
