AIM To compare the long term effect of succimer (Suc) with that of penicillamine (Pen) in treating hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD). METHODS One hundred and twenty patients with HLD were divided into 2 groups. ...AIM To compare the long term effect of succimer (Suc) with that of penicillamine (Pen) in treating hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD). METHODS One hundred and twenty patients with HLD were divided into 2 groups. Group A ( n =60) received Suc 750mg , po. bid. Group B ( n =60) received Pen 250mg , po. qid. The period of maintenance treatment varied from 6 months to 3 years, averaging 1 5 years. Symptoms and therapeutic effects were evaluated by modified Goldstein scale. RESULTS The total effectiveness of group A in two different periods of treatment were 80% and 85% respectively, higher than those of group B (58% and 59% respectively) ( P <0 05). Suc also had obvious curative effects for the patients who failed in the use of Pen. There were fewer side effect in group A than in group B ( P <0 05). Suc and Pen could increase urinary copper excretion effectively and continually. CONCLUSION Suc is more effective and safer than Pen. Clinically, it can replace Pen as first choice drug for long term maintenance therapy of HLD.展开更多
BACKGROUND： ATP7B gene exon 8 Arg778Leu and exon 12 Arg952Lys are gene mutation hot spots in Chinese Han patients with hepatolenticular degeneration, or Wilson＇s disease （WD）. However, the gene fragments are too s...BACKGROUND： ATP7B gene exon 8 Arg778Leu and exon 12 Arg952Lys are gene mutation hot spots in Chinese Han patients with hepatolenticular degeneration, or Wilson＇s disease （WD）. However, the gene fragments are too short for detection and the mutation detection rate remains low. OBJECTIVE： To analyze DNA sequences of ATP7B gene exon 8-exon 9 and exon 10-exon 12 sections. DESIGN, TIME AND SE＇I-rlNG： A concurrent, non-randomized, controlled, genetic polymorphism study was performed at the Anhui Medical Genetics Center, Anhui, China from March to July in 2009. PARTICIPANTS： Fifty patients, who were admitted to the Department of Neurology at the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Traditional Chinese Medical College between March and July in 2009, were diagnosed with WD. The WD group comprised 32 males and 18 females, with an average age of （18.8 ± 8.3） years. WD was confirmed by clinical observation, as well as physical, imaging, and biochemical examinations, including testing for serum copper, ceruloplasmin, and copper oxidase. The control group comprised 20 normal subjects, who underwent physical examination at the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Traditional Chinese Medical College, and included 13 males and 7 females, with an average age of （27.9 ± 2.4） years. All subjects were Chinese Han population. METHODS： Genomic DNA was extracted from 50 WD patients and 20 normal controls. Polymerase chain reaction amplification of ATP7B gene exon 8-exon 9 （about 1 100 bp） and exon 10-exon 12 （about 850 bp） segments was performed. DNA exon-intron amplification products from all subjects were processed through direct bidirectional sequencing, and sequencing results were analyzed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Sequence changes of ATPTB gene exon 8-exon 9 and exon 10-exon 12 segments. RESULTS： In the 50 included WD patients, ATP7B gene intron 8 nt53592A → G with nt53671G→ A homozygous mutation was detected between exon 8-exon 9 in seven cases; exon 8 Arg778Leu mutations with Leu770Leu synonymous mutation was detected in four cases; exert 11 Gly790Arg heterozygous missense mutation between exon 10-exon 12 was found in four cases; exon 12 Arg952Lys heterozygous missense mutation was seen in 11 cases; and two additional cases were associated with exon 1211e929Val polymorphism. CONCLUSION： ATP7B gene intron 8 mutation is a possible pathogenic mutation that is associated with WD pathogenesis. The exon 11 mutation rate accounts for 8% of all WD patients, and the very few previously reported cases deserve further study.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To observe the distribution of copper in the subcellular structure for the understanding of primary pathogenesis of hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD). METHODS: Skin fibroblasts taken from HLD patients wer...OBJECTIVE: To observe the distribution of copper in the subcellular structure for the understanding of primary pathogenesis of hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD). METHODS: Skin fibroblasts taken from HLD patients were cultured as an in vitro model of HLD, and the control cells taken from healthy volunteers were clutured in the same way. The distribution of copper inside and outside of lysosomes in fibroblasts was detected by quantitative electron probe X-ray microanalysis. The relationship between the subcellular location of copper and the genotype of the patients, and relationship between the distribution of copper and the course of the disease were analyzed. RESULTS: The content of Cu^(2+) inside lysosomes of HLD cells (14.6±2.1 mmol/kg) and of heterozygote cells (11.6±0.6 mmol/kg) was higher than that of normal cells (4.5±1.2 mmol/kg) (P<0.01). The content of Cu^(2+) outside lysosomes of HLD cells (17.5±4.2 mmol/kg) and of heterozygote cells (12.0±0.9 mmol/kg) was higher than that of normal cells (4.7±1.2 mmol/kg) (P<0.01). The distribution of copper in the subcellular structure was correlated with disease courses of HLD patients. With the progression of the disease, more copper was deposited in lysosomes (r=0.85, P<0.01). The content of copper in the diffused cytoplasmic compartment in HLD cells was correlated with that of sulfur (r=0.86, P<0.05), but not in heterozygote and normal cells. CONCLUSIONS: In the early stage of HLD, copper is accumulated outside lysosome, which is paralleled with increase of metallothionein-like proteins (copper and sulfur-binding proteins). With the development of the disease, more copper is deposited inside lysosome than outside lysosome. We conclude that the up-regulation expression of copper and sulfur-binding proteins and copper accumulation in lysosomes may play an important role in lowering the ATP7B gene mutation-induced toxic effects of free copper on the cell.展开更多
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy or prion disease is triggered by the conversion from cellular prion protein to pathogenic prion protein. Growing evidence has concentrated on prion protein configuration changes...Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy or prion disease is triggered by the conversion from cellular prion protein to pathogenic prion protein. Growing evidence has concentrated on prion protein configuration changes and their correlation with prion disease transmissibility and patho- genicity. In vivo and in vitro studies have shown that several cytosolic forms of prion protein with specific topological structure can destroy intracellular stability and contribute to prion protein pathogenicity. In this study, the latest molecular chaperone system associated with endoplasmic re- ticulum-associated protein degradation, the endoplasmic reticulum resident protein quality-control system and the ubiquitination proteasome system, is outlined. The molecular chaperone system directly correlates with the prion protein degradation pathway. Understanding the molecular mechanisms will help provide a fascinating avenue for further investigations on prion disease treatment and prion protein-induced neurodegenerative diseases.展开更多
Cardiovascular disease(CVD)is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the general population.Energy metabolism disturbance is one of the early abnormalities in CVDs,such as coronary heart disease,diabetic card...Cardiovascular disease(CVD)is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the general population.Energy metabolism disturbance is one of the early abnormalities in CVDs,such as coronary heart disease,diabetic cardiomyopathy,and heart failure.To explore the role of myocardial energy homeostasis disturbance in CVDs,it is important to understand myocardial metabolism in the normal heart and their function in the complex pathophysiology of CVDs.In this article,we summarized lipid metabolism/lipotoxicity and glucose metabolism/insulin resistance in the heart,focused on the metabolic regulation during neonatal and ageing heart,proposed potential metabolic mechanisms for cardiac regeneration and degeneration.We provided an overview of emerging molecular network among cardiac proliferation,regeneration,and metabolic disturbance.These novel targets promise a new era for the treatment of CVDs.展开更多
Prion disease represents a group of fatal neurogenerative diseases in humans and animals that are associated with energy loss,axonal degeneration,and mitochondrial dysfunction.Axonal degeneration is an early hallmark ...Prion disease represents a group of fatal neurogenerative diseases in humans and animals that are associated with energy loss,axonal degeneration,and mitochondrial dysfunction.Axonal degeneration is an early hallmark of neurodegeneration and is triggered by SARM1.We found that depletion or dysfunctional mutation of SARM1 protected against NAD+loss,axonal degeneration,and mitochondrial functional disorder induced by the neurotoxic peptide PrP106-126.NAD+supplementation rescued prion-triggered axonal degeneration and mitochondrial dysfunction and SARM1 overexpression suppressed this protective effect.NAD+supplementation in PrP106-126-incubated N2a cells,SARM1 depletion,and SARM1 dysfunctional mutation each blocked neuronal apoptosis and increased cell survival.Our results indicate that the axonal degeneration and mitochondrial dysfunction triggered by PrP^(106-126) are partially dependent on SARM1 NADase activity.This pathway has potential as a therapeutic target in the early stages of prion disease.展开更多
Autophagy recycles intracellular substrate in part to fuel mitochondria during starvation.Deregulated autophagy caused by dyslipidemia,oxidative stress,and aging is associated with early signs of age-related macular d...Autophagy recycles intracellular substrate in part to fuel mitochondria during starvation.Deregulated autophagy caused by dyslipidemia,oxidative stress,and aging is associated with early signs of age-related macular degeneration(AMD),such as lipofuscin and perhaps drusen accumulation.Intracellular nutrient sensors for glucose and amino acids regulate autophagy.The role of lipid sensors in controlling autophagy,however,remains ill-defined.Here we will show that abundant circulating lipids trigger a satiety signal through FA receptors that restrain autophagy and oxidative mitochondrial metabolism.In the presence of excess dietary lipids,fatty acid sensors might protect tissues with high metabolic rates against lipotoxicity,favoring their storage,instead,in adipose tissues.However,sustained exposure to lipid reduces retinal metabolic efficiency.In photoreceptors with high metabolic needs,it predisposes to an energy failure and triggers compensatory albeit pathological angiogenesis,leading to blinding neovascular AMD.展开更多
Objective:Hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD) is an autosomal recessive disorder that manifests as multiorgan damage due to impaired copper (Cu) metabolism. Female patients with HLD often experience reproductive impai...Objective:Hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD) is an autosomal recessive disorder that manifests as multiorgan damage due to impaired copper (Cu) metabolism. Female patients with HLD often experience reproductive impairments. This study investigated the protective effect of berberine against ovarian damage in toxic-milk (TX) mice, a murine model for HLD.Methods:Mice were categorized into control group, HLD TX group (HLD group), penicillamine (Cu chelator)-treated TX group and berberine-treated TX group. Body weight, ovary weight and the number of ovulated eggs were recorded. Follicular morphology and cellular ultrastructure were examined. Total iron, ferrous iron (Fe2+) and trivalent iron (Fe3+) levels, as well as malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione(GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), were measured in the ovaries. Western blot analysis was used to analyze the expression of proteins related to ferroptosis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress.Results:Ovarian tissue damage was evident in the HLD group, with a significant increase in ferroptosis and ER stress compared to the control group. This damage was inhibited by treatment with penicillamine,a Cu chelator. Compared with the HLD group, berberine increased the number of ovulations, and improved ovarian morphology and ultrastructure. Further, we found that berberine reduced total iron,Fe2+, MDA and GSSG levels, elevated GSH levels, decreased the expression of the ferroptosis marker protein prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), and increased glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4)expression. Furthermore, berberine inhibited the expression of ER stress-associated proteins mediated by the protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK) pathway.Conclusion:Ferroptosis and ER stress are involved in Cu-induced ovarian damage in TX mice. Berberine ameliorates ovarian damage in HLD TX mice by inhibiting ferroptosis and ER stress.展开更多
The role of metabolism in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS):ALS,is a predominantly sporadic,neurological disorder resulting in degeneration of both upper and lower motor neurons,resulting in the progressive failure o...The role of metabolism in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS):ALS,is a predominantly sporadic,neurological disorder resulting in degeneration of both upper and lower motor neurons,resulting in the progressive failure of the neuromuscular system.The lifetime risk factor for developing ALS sits between 1 in 300 and 1 in 400.However,due to the speed of the disease course(2–3 years post-diagnosis)and the lack of effective therapies,ALS is still classified as a rare disease.展开更多
Disc degeneration primarily contributes to chronic low back and neck pain.Consequently,there is an urgent need to understand the spectrum of disc degeneration phenotypes such as fibrosis,ectopic calcification,herniati...Disc degeneration primarily contributes to chronic low back and neck pain.Consequently,there is an urgent need to understand the spectrum of disc degeneration phenotypes such as fibrosis,ectopic calcification,herniation,or mixed phenotypes.Amongst these phenotypes,disc calcification is the least studied.Ectopic calcification,by definition,is the pathological mineralization of soft tissues,widely studied in the context of conditions that afflict vasculature,skin,and cartilage.Clinically,disc calcification is associated with poor surgical outcomes and back pain refractory to conservative treatment.It is frequently seen as a consequence of disc aging and progressive degeneration but exhibits unique molecular and morphological characteristics:hypertrophic chondrocyte-like cell differentiation;TNAP,ENPP1,and ANK upregulation;cell death;altered Pi and PPi homeostasis;and local inflammation.Recent studies in mouse models have provided a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying this phenotype.It is essential to recognize that the presentation and nature of mineralization differ between AF,NP,and EP compartments.Moreover,the combination of anatomic location,genetics,and environmental stressors,such as aging or trauma,govern the predisposition to calcification.Lastly,the systemic regulation of calcium and Pi metabolism is less important than the local activity of PPi modulated by the ANK-ENPP1 axis,along with disc cell death and differentiation status.While there is limited understanding of this phenotype,understanding the molecular pathways governing local intervertebral disc calcification may lead to developing disease-modifying drugs and better clinical management of degeneration-related pathologies.展开更多
目的 研究肝豆状核变性(WD)不同基因型患者的肝病表型及临床特征。方法 选取2008年8月-2023年6月在解放军总医院第五医学中心确诊并进行基因检测的163例WD患者,收集临床表现、实验室检查、病理学检查、影像学检查和ATP7B基因检测结果。...目的 研究肝豆状核变性(WD)不同基因型患者的肝病表型及临床特征。方法 选取2008年8月-2023年6月在解放军总医院第五医学中心确诊并进行基因检测的163例WD患者,收集临床表现、实验室检查、病理学检查、影像学检查和ATP7B基因检测结果。根据ATP7B基因突变情况将患者分为R778L突变组和非R778L突变组;P992L突变组和非P992L突变组;截断突变组和非截断突变组。分析ATP7B基因c. 2333G>T/p. R778L突变(R778L突变)、c. 2975C>T/p. P992L突变(P992L突变)以及截断突变患者的肝病表型和临床特征。计量资料组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验或Kruskal-Wallis H检验。计数资料组间比较采用χ^(2)检验或Fisher确切概率法。结果 163例WD患者均表现为不同严重程度的肝病表型,121例(74.23%)被临床诊断为慢性肝病,36例(22.09%)为失代偿期肝硬化,6例(3.68%)为暴发性WD;此外,有5例(2例慢性肝病,3例失代偿期肝硬化)合并神经系统异常。163例WD患者最常见的ATP7B基因突变为R778L突变(等位基因频率为28.2%),其次为P992L突变(等位基因频率为12.6%),截断突变的等位基因频率为11.0%。3种突变在不同肝病表型之间的分布差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。R778L突变组的铜蓝蛋白水平显著低于非R778L突变组[0.04(0.02~0.08)g/L vs 0.08(0.03~0.13)g/L,Z=-2.889,P=0.004]。P992L组的ALT[135.0(80.5~237.0)U/L vs 80.5(36.0~173.3) U/L,Z=2.684,P=0.007]和AST[121.4(77.0~195.0)U/L vs 84.0(39.0~123.3)U/L,Z=3.388,P<0.001]均显著高于非P992L突变组。截断突变组的铜蓝蛋白[0.03(0.02~0.08)g/L vs 0.06(0.03~0.11)g/L,Z=-3.136,P=0.002]和血清铜[3.20(2.15~5.00)mg/L vs 4.20(2.60~7.50)mg/L,Z=-2.296,P=0.025]水平均显著低于非截断突变组。结论 R778L突变、P992L突变和截断突变均与WD患者的肝病表型无关;但R778L突变与较低的铜蓝蛋白水平相关,P992L突变与较高的ALT和AST水平相关,截断突变与较低的铜蓝蛋白和血清铜水平相关。展开更多
文摘AIM To compare the long term effect of succimer (Suc) with that of penicillamine (Pen) in treating hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD). METHODS One hundred and twenty patients with HLD were divided into 2 groups. Group A ( n =60) received Suc 750mg , po. bid. Group B ( n =60) received Pen 250mg , po. qid. The period of maintenance treatment varied from 6 months to 3 years, averaging 1 5 years. Symptoms and therapeutic effects were evaluated by modified Goldstein scale. RESULTS The total effectiveness of group A in two different periods of treatment were 80% and 85% respectively, higher than those of group B (58% and 59% respectively) ( P <0 05). Suc also had obvious curative effects for the patients who failed in the use of Pen. There were fewer side effect in group A than in group B ( P <0 05). Suc and Pen could increase urinary copper excretion effectively and continually. CONCLUSION Suc is more effective and safer than Pen. Clinically, it can replace Pen as first choice drug for long term maintenance therapy of HLD.
文摘BACKGROUND： ATP7B gene exon 8 Arg778Leu and exon 12 Arg952Lys are gene mutation hot spots in Chinese Han patients with hepatolenticular degeneration, or Wilson＇s disease （WD）. However, the gene fragments are too short for detection and the mutation detection rate remains low. OBJECTIVE： To analyze DNA sequences of ATP7B gene exon 8-exon 9 and exon 10-exon 12 sections. DESIGN, TIME AND SE＇I-rlNG： A concurrent, non-randomized, controlled, genetic polymorphism study was performed at the Anhui Medical Genetics Center, Anhui, China from March to July in 2009. PARTICIPANTS： Fifty patients, who were admitted to the Department of Neurology at the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Traditional Chinese Medical College between March and July in 2009, were diagnosed with WD. The WD group comprised 32 males and 18 females, with an average age of （18.8 ± 8.3） years. WD was confirmed by clinical observation, as well as physical, imaging, and biochemical examinations, including testing for serum copper, ceruloplasmin, and copper oxidase. The control group comprised 20 normal subjects, who underwent physical examination at the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Traditional Chinese Medical College, and included 13 males and 7 females, with an average age of （27.9 ± 2.4） years. All subjects were Chinese Han population. METHODS： Genomic DNA was extracted from 50 WD patients and 20 normal controls. Polymerase chain reaction amplification of ATP7B gene exon 8-exon 9 （about 1 100 bp） and exon 10-exon 12 （about 850 bp） segments was performed. DNA exon-intron amplification products from all subjects were processed through direct bidirectional sequencing, and sequencing results were analyzed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Sequence changes of ATPTB gene exon 8-exon 9 and exon 10-exon 12 segments. RESULTS： In the 50 included WD patients, ATP7B gene intron 8 nt53592A → G with nt53671G→ A homozygous mutation was detected between exon 8-exon 9 in seven cases; exon 8 Arg778Leu mutations with Leu770Leu synonymous mutation was detected in four cases; exert 11 Gly790Arg heterozygous missense mutation between exon 10-exon 12 was found in four cases; exon 12 Arg952Lys heterozygous missense mutation was seen in 11 cases; and two additional cases were associated with exon 1211e929Val polymorphism. CONCLUSION： ATP7B gene intron 8 mutation is a possible pathogenic mutation that is associated with WD pathogenesis. The exon 11 mutation rate accounts for 8% of all WD patients, and the very few previously reported cases deserve further study.
文摘OBJECTIVE: To observe the distribution of copper in the subcellular structure for the understanding of primary pathogenesis of hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD). METHODS: Skin fibroblasts taken from HLD patients were cultured as an in vitro model of HLD, and the control cells taken from healthy volunteers were clutured in the same way. The distribution of copper inside and outside of lysosomes in fibroblasts was detected by quantitative electron probe X-ray microanalysis. The relationship between the subcellular location of copper and the genotype of the patients, and relationship between the distribution of copper and the course of the disease were analyzed. RESULTS: The content of Cu^(2+) inside lysosomes of HLD cells (14.6±2.1 mmol/kg) and of heterozygote cells (11.6±0.6 mmol/kg) was higher than that of normal cells (4.5±1.2 mmol/kg) (P<0.01). The content of Cu^(2+) outside lysosomes of HLD cells (17.5±4.2 mmol/kg) and of heterozygote cells (12.0±0.9 mmol/kg) was higher than that of normal cells (4.7±1.2 mmol/kg) (P<0.01). The distribution of copper in the subcellular structure was correlated with disease courses of HLD patients. With the progression of the disease, more copper was deposited in lysosomes (r=0.85, P<0.01). The content of copper in the diffused cytoplasmic compartment in HLD cells was correlated with that of sulfur (r=0.86, P<0.05), but not in heterozygote and normal cells. CONCLUSIONS: In the early stage of HLD, copper is accumulated outside lysosome, which is paralleled with increase of metallothionein-like proteins (copper and sulfur-binding proteins). With the development of the disease, more copper is deposited inside lysosome than outside lysosome. We conclude that the up-regulation expression of copper and sulfur-binding proteins and copper accumulation in lysosomes may play an important role in lowering the ATP7B gene mutation-induced toxic effects of free copper on the cell.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.31001048
文摘Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy or prion disease is triggered by the conversion from cellular prion protein to pathogenic prion protein. Growing evidence has concentrated on prion protein configuration changes and their correlation with prion disease transmissibility and patho- genicity. In vivo and in vitro studies have shown that several cytosolic forms of prion protein with specific topological structure can destroy intracellular stability and contribute to prion protein pathogenicity. In this study, the latest molecular chaperone system associated with endoplasmic re- ticulum-associated protein degradation, the endoplasmic reticulum resident protein quality-control system and the ubiquitination proteasome system, is outlined. The molecular chaperone system directly correlates with the prion protein degradation pathway. Understanding the molecular mechanisms will help provide a fascinating avenue for further investigations on prion disease treatment and prion protein-induced neurodegenerative diseases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81600236&No.82170283&No.81822002&No.31771264)the Staff Starting Foundation in Tongji Hospital(2020HGR Y013)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2019kfyXMBZ035).
文摘Cardiovascular disease(CVD)is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the general population.Energy metabolism disturbance is one of the early abnormalities in CVDs,such as coronary heart disease,diabetic cardiomyopathy,and heart failure.To explore the role of myocardial energy homeostasis disturbance in CVDs,it is important to understand myocardial metabolism in the normal heart and their function in the complex pathophysiology of CVDs.In this article,we summarized lipid metabolism/lipotoxicity and glucose metabolism/insulin resistance in the heart,focused on the metabolic regulation during neonatal and ageing heart,proposed potential metabolic mechanisms for cardiac regeneration and degeneration.We provided an overview of emerging molecular network among cardiac proliferation,regeneration,and metabolic disturbance.These novel targets promise a new era for the treatment of CVDs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.31972641the National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2017YFC1200500(both to LFY).
文摘Prion disease represents a group of fatal neurogenerative diseases in humans and animals that are associated with energy loss,axonal degeneration,and mitochondrial dysfunction.Axonal degeneration is an early hallmark of neurodegeneration and is triggered by SARM1.We found that depletion or dysfunctional mutation of SARM1 protected against NAD+loss,axonal degeneration,and mitochondrial functional disorder induced by the neurotoxic peptide PrP106-126.NAD+supplementation rescued prion-triggered axonal degeneration and mitochondrial dysfunction and SARM1 overexpression suppressed this protective effect.NAD+supplementation in PrP106-126-incubated N2a cells,SARM1 depletion,and SARM1 dysfunctional mutation each blocked neuronal apoptosis and increased cell survival.Our results indicate that the axonal degeneration and mitochondrial dysfunction triggered by PrP^(106-126) are partially dependent on SARM1 NADase activity.This pathway has potential as a therapeutic target in the early stages of prion disease.
文摘Autophagy recycles intracellular substrate in part to fuel mitochondria during starvation.Deregulated autophagy caused by dyslipidemia,oxidative stress,and aging is associated with early signs of age-related macular degeneration(AMD),such as lipofuscin and perhaps drusen accumulation.Intracellular nutrient sensors for glucose and amino acids regulate autophagy.The role of lipid sensors in controlling autophagy,however,remains ill-defined.Here we will show that abundant circulating lipids trigger a satiety signal through FA receptors that restrain autophagy and oxidative mitochondrial metabolism.In the presence of excess dietary lipids,fatty acid sensors might protect tissues with high metabolic rates against lipotoxicity,favoring their storage,instead,in adipose tissues.However,sustained exposure to lipid reduces retinal metabolic efficiency.In photoreceptors with high metabolic needs,it predisposes to an energy failure and triggers compensatory albeit pathological angiogenesis,leading to blinding neovascular AMD.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82374212, No. 81971446 and No. 81673811)the Clinical Special Translational Project of the Anhui Provincial Science and Technology Department (No. 202204295107020044)the Key Project of the Anhui Provincial Department of Education (No. 2022AH050523)。
文摘Objective:Hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD) is an autosomal recessive disorder that manifests as multiorgan damage due to impaired copper (Cu) metabolism. Female patients with HLD often experience reproductive impairments. This study investigated the protective effect of berberine against ovarian damage in toxic-milk (TX) mice, a murine model for HLD.Methods:Mice were categorized into control group, HLD TX group (HLD group), penicillamine (Cu chelator)-treated TX group and berberine-treated TX group. Body weight, ovary weight and the number of ovulated eggs were recorded. Follicular morphology and cellular ultrastructure were examined. Total iron, ferrous iron (Fe2+) and trivalent iron (Fe3+) levels, as well as malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione(GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), were measured in the ovaries. Western blot analysis was used to analyze the expression of proteins related to ferroptosis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress.Results:Ovarian tissue damage was evident in the HLD group, with a significant increase in ferroptosis and ER stress compared to the control group. This damage was inhibited by treatment with penicillamine,a Cu chelator. Compared with the HLD group, berberine increased the number of ovulations, and improved ovarian morphology and ultrastructure. Further, we found that berberine reduced total iron,Fe2+, MDA and GSSG levels, elevated GSH levels, decreased the expression of the ferroptosis marker protein prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), and increased glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4)expression. Furthermore, berberine inhibited the expression of ER stress-associated proteins mediated by the protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK) pathway.Conclusion:Ferroptosis and ER stress are involved in Cu-induced ovarian damage in TX mice. Berberine ameliorates ovarian damage in HLD TX mice by inhibiting ferroptosis and ER stress.
文摘The role of metabolism in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS):ALS,is a predominantly sporadic,neurological disorder resulting in degeneration of both upper and lower motor neurons,resulting in the progressive failure of the neuromuscular system.The lifetime risk factor for developing ALS sits between 1 in 300 and 1 in 400.However,due to the speed of the disease course(2–3 years post-diagnosis)and the lack of effective therapies,ALS is still classified as a rare disease.
基金support by R01AR055655, R01AR074813, and R01AG073349 from the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) and the National Institute on Aging (NIA)supported by PXE International.
文摘Disc degeneration primarily contributes to chronic low back and neck pain.Consequently,there is an urgent need to understand the spectrum of disc degeneration phenotypes such as fibrosis,ectopic calcification,herniation,or mixed phenotypes.Amongst these phenotypes,disc calcification is the least studied.Ectopic calcification,by definition,is the pathological mineralization of soft tissues,widely studied in the context of conditions that afflict vasculature,skin,and cartilage.Clinically,disc calcification is associated with poor surgical outcomes and back pain refractory to conservative treatment.It is frequently seen as a consequence of disc aging and progressive degeneration but exhibits unique molecular and morphological characteristics:hypertrophic chondrocyte-like cell differentiation;TNAP,ENPP1,and ANK upregulation;cell death;altered Pi and PPi homeostasis;and local inflammation.Recent studies in mouse models have provided a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying this phenotype.It is essential to recognize that the presentation and nature of mineralization differ between AF,NP,and EP compartments.Moreover,the combination of anatomic location,genetics,and environmental stressors,such as aging or trauma,govern the predisposition to calcification.Lastly,the systemic regulation of calcium and Pi metabolism is less important than the local activity of PPi modulated by the ANK-ENPP1 axis,along with disc cell death and differentiation status.While there is limited understanding of this phenotype,understanding the molecular pathways governing local intervertebral disc calcification may lead to developing disease-modifying drugs and better clinical management of degeneration-related pathologies.
文摘目的 研究肝豆状核变性(WD)不同基因型患者的肝病表型及临床特征。方法 选取2008年8月-2023年6月在解放军总医院第五医学中心确诊并进行基因检测的163例WD患者,收集临床表现、实验室检查、病理学检查、影像学检查和ATP7B基因检测结果。根据ATP7B基因突变情况将患者分为R778L突变组和非R778L突变组;P992L突变组和非P992L突变组;截断突变组和非截断突变组。分析ATP7B基因c. 2333G>T/p. R778L突变(R778L突变)、c. 2975C>T/p. P992L突变(P992L突变)以及截断突变患者的肝病表型和临床特征。计量资料组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验或Kruskal-Wallis H检验。计数资料组间比较采用χ^(2)检验或Fisher确切概率法。结果 163例WD患者均表现为不同严重程度的肝病表型,121例(74.23%)被临床诊断为慢性肝病,36例(22.09%)为失代偿期肝硬化,6例(3.68%)为暴发性WD;此外,有5例(2例慢性肝病,3例失代偿期肝硬化)合并神经系统异常。163例WD患者最常见的ATP7B基因突变为R778L突变(等位基因频率为28.2%),其次为P992L突变(等位基因频率为12.6%),截断突变的等位基因频率为11.0%。3种突变在不同肝病表型之间的分布差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。R778L突变组的铜蓝蛋白水平显著低于非R778L突变组[0.04(0.02~0.08)g/L vs 0.08(0.03~0.13)g/L,Z=-2.889,P=0.004]。P992L组的ALT[135.0(80.5~237.0)U/L vs 80.5(36.0~173.3) U/L,Z=2.684,P=0.007]和AST[121.4(77.0~195.0)U/L vs 84.0(39.0~123.3)U/L,Z=3.388,P<0.001]均显著高于非P992L突变组。截断突变组的铜蓝蛋白[0.03(0.02~0.08)g/L vs 0.06(0.03~0.11)g/L,Z=-3.136,P=0.002]和血清铜[3.20(2.15~5.00)mg/L vs 4.20(2.60~7.50)mg/L,Z=-2.296,P=0.025]水平均显著低于非截断突变组。结论 R778L突变、P992L突变和截断突变均与WD患者的肝病表型无关;但R778L突变与较低的铜蓝蛋白水平相关,P992L突变与较高的ALT和AST水平相关,截断突变与较低的铜蓝蛋白和血清铜水平相关。
