Subacute liver and respiratory failure after segmental hepatectomy for complicated hepatolithiasis with secondary biliary cirrhosis: A case report

BACKGROUND Despite being a benign disease, hepatolithiasis has a poor prognosis because of its intractable nature and frequent recurrence. Nonsurgical treatment is associated with high incidences of residual and recurrent stones. Consequently, surgery via hepatic lobectomy or segmental hepatectomy has become the main treatment modality. Clinical management and resolution of complicated hepatolithiasis with bilateral or diffuse intrahepatic stones remain very difficult and challenging. Repeated cholangitis and calculous obstruction may result in secondary biliary cirrhosis, a limiting factor in the treatment of hepatolithiasis.CASE SUMMARY A 53-year-old woman with a 5-year history of intermittent abdominal pain and fever was admitted to the hepatopancreatobiliary surgery department following worsening symptoms over a 3-d period. Blood tests revealed elevated transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, and total bilirubin, as well as anemia. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography showed dilatation of the intrahepatic, left and right hepatic, common hepatic, and common bile ducts, and multiple short T2 signals in the intrahepatic and common bile ducts. Abdominal computed tomography showed splenomegaly and splenic varices. The diagnosis was bilateral hepatolithiasis and choledocholithiasis with cholangitis. Surgical treatment included hepatectomy of segments Ⅱ and Ⅲ, cholangioplasty, left hepaticolithotomy, second biliary duct exploration, choledocholithotomy, T-tube drainage, and accretion lysis. Surgical and pathological findings confirmed secondary biliary cirrhosis. Liver-protective therapy and anti-infectives were administered. The patient developed liver and respiratory failure, severe abdominal infection, and septicemia. Eventually, her family elected to discontinue treatment.CONCLUSION Liver transplantation, rather than hepatectomy, might be a treatment option for complicated bilateral hepatolithiasis with secondary liver cirrhosis.

Surgical treatment of the biliary ductal stricture complicating localized left hepatolithiasis

AIM To summarize the experience in the clinical treatment of the biliary ductal strictures complicating localized left hepatolithiasis in recent two decades.

Laparoscopic vs open left hepatectomy for hepatolithiasis

AIM: To explore the feasibility and therapeutic effect of total laparoscopic left hepatectomy (LLH) for hepatolithiasis. METHODS: From June 2006 to October 2009, 61 consecutive patients with hepatolithiasis who met the inclusion criteria for LLH were treated in our institute. Of the 61 patients with hepatolithiasis, 28 underwent LLH (LLH group) and 33 underwent open left hepatectomy (OLH group). Clinical data including operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative complication rate, postoperative hospital stay time, stone clearance and recurrence rate were retrospectively analyzed and compared between the two groups. RESULTS: LLH was successfully performed in 28 patients. The operation time of LLH group was longer than that of OLH group (158 ± 43 min vs 132 ± 39 min, P < 0.05) and the hospital stay time of LLH group was shorter than that of OLH group (6.8 ± 2.8 d vs 10.2 ± 3.4 d, P < 0.01). No difference was found in intraoperative blood loss (180 ± 56 mL vs 184 ± 50 mL), postoperative complication rate (14.2% vs 15.2%), and stone residual rate (intermediate rate 17.9% vs 12.1% and final rate 0% vs 0%) between the twogroups. No perioperative death occurred in either group. Fifty-seven patients (93.4%) were followed up for 2-40 mo (mean 17 mo), including 27 in LLH group and 30 in OLH group. Stone recurrence occurred in 1 patient of each group. CONCLUSION: LLH for hepatolithiasis is feasible and safe in selected patients with an equal therapeutic effect to that of traditional open hepatectomy.

Laparoscopic VS open hepatectomy for hepatolithiasis: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis

AIM To perform a meta-analysis on laparoscopic hepatectomy VS conventional liver resection for treating hepatolithiasis.METHODS We conducted a systematic literature search on Pub Med,Embase,Web of Science and Cochrane Library,and undertook a meta-analysis to compare the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic hepatectomy V S conventional open liver resection for local hepatolithiasis in the left or right lobe. Intraoperative and postoperative outcomes(time,estimated blood loss,blood transfusion rate,postoperative intestinal function recovery time,length of hospital stay,postoperative complication rate,initial residual stone,final residual stone and stone recurrence) were analyzed systematically.RESULTS A comprehensive literature search retrieved 16 publications with a total of 1329 cases. Meta-analysis of these studies showed that the laparoscopic approach for hepatolithiasis was associated with significantly less intraoperative estimated blood loss [weighted mean difference(WMD): 61.56,95% confidence interval(CI): 14.91-108.20,P = 0.01],lower blood transfusion rate [odds ratio(OR): 0.41,95%CI: 0.22-0.79,P = 0.008],shorter intestinal function recovery time(WMD: 0.98,95%CI: 0.47-1.48,P = 0.01),lower total postoperative complication rate(OR: 0.52,95%CI: 0.39-0.70,P < 0.0001) and shorter stay in hospital(WMD: 3.32,95%CI: 2.32-4.32,P < 0.00001). In addition,our results showed no significant differences between the two groups in operative time(WMD: 21.49,95%CI: 0.27-43.24,P = 0.05),residual stones(OR: 0.79,95%CI: 0.50-1.25,P = 0.31) and stone recurrence(OR: 0.34,95%CI: 0.11-1.08,P = 0.07). Furthermore,with subgroups analysis,our results proved that the laparoscopic approach for hepatolithiasis in the left lateral lobe and left side could achieve satisfactory therapeutic effects. CONCLUSION The laparoscopic approach is safe and effective,with less intraoperative estimated blood loss,fewer postoperative complications,reduced length of hospital stay and shorter intestinal function recovery time than with conventional approaches.

Management of post-hepatectomy complications

Hepatic resection had an impressive growth over time.It has been widely performed for the treatment of various liver diseases,such as malignant tumors,benign tumors,calculi in the intrahepatic ducts,hydatid disease,and abscesses.Management of hepatic resection is challenging.Despite technical advances and high experience of liver resection of specialized centers,it is still burdened by relatively high rates of postoperative morbidity and mortality.Especially,complex resections are being increasingly performed in high risk and older patient population.Operation on the liver is especially challenging because of its unique anatomic architecture and because of its vital functions.Common posthepatectomy complications include venous catheterrelated infection,pleural effusion,incisional infection,pulmonary atelectasis or infection,ascites,subphrenic infection,urinary tract infection,intraperitoneal hemorrhage,gastrointestinal tract bleeding,biliary tract hemorrhage,coagulation disorders,bile leakage,and liver failure.These problems are closely related to sur-gical manipulations,anesthesia,preoperative evaluation and preparation,and postoperative observation and management.The safety profile of hepatectomy probably can be improved if the surgeons and medical staff involved have comprehensive knowledge of the expected complications and expertise in their management.This review article focuses on the major postoperative issues after hepatic resection and presents the current management.

Management hepatolithiasis with operative choledochoscopic FREDDY laser lithotripsy combined with or without hepatectomy

BACKGROUND: Hepatolithiasis is very common in East Asia. It is benign in nature, but has a high recurrence rate. It is likely to lead to biliary cirrhosis and increase the risk of cholangiocarcinoma. Hence, the treatment of hepatolithiasis is difficult but vital. In this report, we present a novel approach to manage hepatolithiasis using the choledochoscopic Frequency-Doubled Double pulse Nd:YAG (FREDDY) laser lithotripsy combined with or without hepatectomy. METHODS: Between July 2009 and October 2012, 45 patients underwent choledochoscopic FREDDY laser lithotripsy combined with or without hepatectomy (laser lithotripsy group). Fortyeight patients underwent a traditional operation (traditional method group) from January 2009 to June 2009. Comparative analysis was made of demographic and clinical characteristics of the two groups. RESULTS: The final stone clearance rate of the laser lithotripsy group was 93.3%, whereas that of the traditional method group was 85.4% (P=0.22). In the laser lithotripsy group, 2 patients experienced hemobilia and 3 patients had acute cholangitis. In the traditional method group, 3 patients had intraoperative hemorrhage, 1 patient had bile leakage, 6 patients had acute cholangitis, and 1 patient died of liver failure. Moreover, the operative time in the traditional method group was significantly longer than that in the laser lithotripsy group (P=0.01). The mean hospital stay of the patients in the traditional method group was longer than that in the laser lithotripsy group (9.8 vs8.2 days, P=0.17). Recurrent intrahepatic bile duct stones were not found during the follow-up period in the two groups. CONCLUSION: Operative choledochoscopic FREDDY laser lithotripsy combined with or without hepatectomy may be an effective and safe treatment for hepatolithiasis.

Assessment of Complications after Liver Surgery: Two Novel Grading Systems Applied to Patients Undergoing Hepatectomy

Although quality assessment is gaining increasing attention, there is still no consensus on how to define and grade postoperative complications. The absence of a definition and a widely accepted ranking system to classify surgical complications has hampered proper interpretation of the surgical outcome. This study aimed to define and search the simple and reproducible classification of complications following hepatectomy based on two therapy-oriented severity grading system: Clavien-Dindo classification of surgical complications and Accordion severity grading of postoperative complications. Two classifications were tested in a cohort of 2008 patients who underwent elective liver surgery at our institution between January 1986 and December 2005. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to link respective complications with perioperative parameters, length of hospital stay and the quality of life. A total of 1716(85.46%) patients did not develop any complication, while 292(14.54%) patients had at least one complication. According to Clavien-Dindo classification of surgical complications system, grade Ⅰ complications occurred in 150 patients(7.47%), grade Ⅱ in 47 patients(2.34%), grade Ⅲa in 59 patients(2.94%), grade Ⅲb in 13 patients(0.65%), grade Ⅳa in 7 patients(0.35%), grade Ⅳb in 1 patient(0.05%), and grade Ⅴ in 15 patients(0.75%). According to Accordion severity grading of postoperative complications system, mild complications occurred in 160 patients(7.97%), moderate complications in 48 patients(2.39%), severe complications(invasive procedure/no general anesthesia) in 48 patients(2.39%), severe complications(invasive procedure under general anesthesia or single organ system failure) in 20 patients(1.00%), severe complications(organ system failure and invasive procedure under general anesthesia or multisystem organ failure) in 1 patient(0.05%), and mortality was 0.75%(n=15). Complication severity of Clavien-Dindo system and Accordion system were all correlated with the length of hospital stay, the number of hepatic segments resected, the blood transfusion and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety(HADS-A). The Clavien-Dindo classification system and Accordion classification system are the simple ways of reporting all complications following the liver surgery.

Analysis of surgical and perioperative complications in seventy-five right hepatectomies for living donor liver transplantation

AIM: To present an analysis of the surgical and perioperative complications in a series of seventy- five right hepatectomies for living-donation (RHLD) performed in our center. METHODS: From January 2002 to September 2007, we performed 75 RHLD, defined as removal of a portion of the liver corresponding to Couinaud segments 5-8, in order to obtain a graft for adult to adult living-related liver transplantation (ALRLT). Surgical complications were stratified according to the most recent version of the Clavien classification of postoperative surgical complications. The perioperative period was defined as within 90 d of surgery. RESULTS: No living donor mortality was present in this series, no donor operation was aborted and no donors received any blood transfusion. Twenty- three (30.6%) living donors presented one or more episodes of complication in the perioperative period. Seven patients (9.33%) out of 75 developed biliary complications, which were the most common complications in our series.CONCLUSION: The need to define, categorize and record complications when healthy individuals, such as living donors, undergo a major surgical procedure, such as a right hepatectomy, reflects the need for prompt and detailed reports of complications arising in this particular category of patient. Perioperative complications and post resection liver regeneration are not influenced by anatomic variations or patient demographic.

Acute iatrogenic Budd-Chiari syndrome following hepatectomy for hepatolithiasis:A report of two cases

Budd-Chiari syndrome(BCS)is defined as hepatic venous outflow obstruction at any level from the small hepatic veins to the junction of the inferior vena cava(IVC)and the right atrium,regardless of the cause of obstruction.We present two cases of acute iatrogenic BCS and our clinical management of these cases.The first case was a 43-year-old woman who developed acute BCS following the implantation of an IVC stent for the correction of stenosis in the IVC after hepatectomy for hepatolithiasis.The second case was a61-year-old woman with complete obstruction of the outflow of hepatic veins during bilateral hepatectomy for hepatolithiasis.Acute iatrogenic BCS should be con-sidered a rare complication following hepatectomy for hepatolithiasis.Awareness of potential hepatic outflow obstructions and timely management are critical to avoid poor outcomes when performing hepatectomy for hepatolithiasis.

Utility of plasma D-dimer for diagnosis of venous thromboembolism after hepatectomy

BACKGROUND Venous thromboembolism(VTE)is a potentially fatal complication of hepatectomy.The use of postoperative prophylactic anticoagulation in patients who have undergone hepatectomy is controversial because of the risk of postoperative bleeding.Therefore,we hypothesized that monitoring plasma D-dimer could be useful in the early diagnosis of VTE after hepatectomy.AIM To evaluate the utility of monitoring plasma D-dimer levels in the early diagnosis of VTE after hepatectomy.METHODS The medical records of patients who underwent hepatectomy at our institution between January 2017 and December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.Patients were divided into two groups according to whether or not they developed VTE after hepatectomy,as diagnosed by contrast-enhanced computed tomography and/or ultrasonography of the lower extremities.Clinicopathological factors,including demographic data and perioperative D-dimer values,were compared between the two groups.Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to determine the D-dimer cutoff value.Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using logistic regression analysis to identify significant predictors.RESULTS In total,234 patients who underwent hepatectomy were,of whom(5.6%)were diagnosed with VTE following hepatectomy.A comparison between the two groups showed significant differences in operative time(529 vs 403 min,P=0.0274)and blood loss(530 vs 138 mL,P=0.0067).The D-dimer levels on postoperative days(POD)1,3,5,7 were significantly higher in the VTE group than in the non-VTE group.In the multivariate analysis,intraoperative blood loss of>275 mL[odds ratio(OR)=5.32,95%confidence interval(CI):1.05-27.0,P=0.044]and plasma D-dimer levels on POD 5≥21μg/mL(OR=10.1,95%CI:2.04-50.1,P=0.0046)were independent risk factors for VTE after hepatectomy.CONCLUSION Monitoring of plasma D-dimer levels after hepatectomy is useful for early diagnosis of VTE and may avoid routine prophylactic anticoagulation in the postoperative period.

Impact of frailty on postoperative outcomes after hepatectomy:A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND The impact of frailty on postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing hepatectomy is still unclear.AIM To study the influence of frailty on postoperative outcomes,such as mortality,rate of complications,and length of hospitalization,following hepatectomy.METHODS PubMed,EMBASE,and Scopus databases were searched for observational studies with adult(≥18 years)patients after planned/elective hepatectomy.A randomeffects model was used for all analyses,and the results are expressed as weighted mean difference(WMD),relative risk(RR),or hazards ratio(HR)with 95%confidence interval(CI).RESULTS Analysis of the 13 included studies showed a significant association of frailty with elevated risk of in-hospital mortality(RR=2.76,95%CI:2.10-3.64),mortality at 30 d(RR=4.60,95%CI:1.85-11.40),and mortality at 90 d(RR=2.52,95%CI:1.70-3.75)in the postoperative period.Frail patients had a poorer long-term survival(HR=2.89,95%CI:1.84-4.53)and higher incidence of“any”complications(RR=1.69,95%CI:1.40-2.03)and major(grade III or higher on the Clavien-Dindo scale)complications(RR=2.69,95%CI:1.85-3.92).Frailty was correlated with markedly lengthier hospital stay(WMD=3.65,95%CI:1.45-5.85).CONCLUSION Frailty correlates with elevated risks of mortality,complications,and prolonged hospitalization,which need to be considered in surgical management.Further research is essential to formulate strategies for improved outcomes in this vulnerable cohort.

Impact of open hepatectomy on postoperative bile leakage in patients with biliary tract cancer

BACKGROUND Bile leakage is a common and serious complication of open hepatectomy for the treatment of biliary tract cancer.AIM To evaluate the incidence,risk factors,and management of bile leakage after open hepatectomy in patients with biliary tract cancer.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 120 patients who underwent open hepatectomy for biliary tract cancer from February 2018 to February 2023.Bile leak was defined as bile drainage from the surgical site or drain or the presence of a biloma on imaging.The incidence,severity,timing,location,and treatment of the bile leaks were recorded.The risk factors for bile leakage were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.RESULTS The incidence of bile leak was 16.7%(20/120),and most cases were grade A(75%,15/20)according to the International Study Group of Liver Surgery classification.The median time of onset was 5 d(range,1-14 d),and the median duration was 7 d(range,2-28 d).The most common location of bile leakage was the cut surface of the liver(70%,14/20),followed by the anastomosis site(25%,5/20)and the cystic duct stump(5%,1/20).Most bile leaks were treated conservatively with drainage,antibiotics,and nutritional support(85%,17/20),whereas some required endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with stenting(10%,2/20)or percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography with drainage(5%,1/20).Risk factors for bile leakage include male sex,hepatocellular carcinoma,major hepatectomy,blood loss,and blood transfusion.CONCLUSION Bile leakage is a frequent complication of open hepatectomy for biliary tract cancer.However,most cases are mild and can be conservatively managed.Male sex,hepatocellular carcinoma,major hepatectomy,blood loss,and blood transfusion were associated with an increased risk of bile leak.

Gastric Volvulus Complicates the Hepatectomy for Living Donor Liver Transplantation

Donor safety is the major concern in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT), and a constant aware of postoperative morbidity should be emphasized. Between March 2002 and May 2011 we performed 435 liver transplantations at an our center, one hundred forty eight with living donors. Among them left lobectomy or left lateral resections were conducted in 68 cases. Symptoms of gastric obstruction were recognized in 3 out of 68 patients that underwent left lateral resection (4.4%). The patients were readmitted because of severe symptoms of vomiting and abdominal pain. An upper endoscopy was performed and revealed pyloroantral obstruction due to gastric volvulus (GV). Endoscopic therapy correction was successfully performed in all patients. Reviewing the literature, one article has reported GV in 13 out of 115 donors (11.3%), all patients were submitted to a left resection. The mechanisms underlying this complication, in LDLT scenario, have not been fully elucidated. Nevertheless, clinicians should be aware of this possible association, which could make the diagnosis of GV more likely if a living donor comes back with typical symptoms.

肝切除术治疗肝左叶胆管结石的疗效分析

目的比较肝切除术和非肝切除术治疗肝左叶胆管结石的疗效。方法:回顾性分析2014年1月-2019年1月在庐江县人民医院普外科收治的80例肝左叶胆管结石病人的临床资料,按照手术方式的不同分为肝切除组(n=40)和非肝切除组(n=40),比较两组资料的手术安全性及有效性,并进行随访,运用Kaplan-Meier(K-M)分析法比较两组资料的结石复发情况的差异,运用COX回归分析术后结石复发的危险因素。结果:肝切除患者与非肝切除患者在胆道引流方式、胆汁培养、术后并发症、术后第7天谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、术后第7天谷草转氨酶(AST)、术后总胆红素(TBil)以及最终结石清除率等方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),肝切除组在手术时间、术中出血量、术后第1天谷丙转氨酶、术后第1天谷草转氨酶等指标均高于非肝切除组,肝切除组术后第1天白蛋白(ALB)水平低于非肝切除组(P<0.05),肝切除组术中结石即时清除率高于非肝切除组(92.5%vs70%,P=0.01);术后结石复发情况的K-M分析显示肝切除组术后总体结石无复发率高于非肝切除组(P=0.031),多因素COX回归分析显示胆肠内引流术、非肝切除术以及结石残留是导致术后结石复发的独立危险因素。结论:肝切除术是治疗肝左叶胆管结石安全有效的术式,术后患者疗效优于非肝切除组。

钬激光联合腹腔镜胆道镜在肝胆管结石中的应用

目的 分析在肝胆管结石患者的治疗过程中,采用钬激光联合腹腔镜胆道镜进行治疗的临床应用效果。方法 选取2019年5月—2023年5月本院收治的40例肝胆管结石患者为研究对象,并按随机抽样法将其分为对照组和观察组,每组20例。对照组采取传统取石钳取石,观察组采取钬激光联合腹腔镜胆道镜取石治疗。对比两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、取石效果及并发症发生情况。结果 手术后,观察组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间都短于对照组,差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05);手术后,观察组患者结石残留率低于对照组,差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05);手术后,观察组患者并发症发生率低于对照组,差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 钬激光联合腹腔镜胆道镜治疗临床疗效良好,能缩短患者的手术时间和住院时间,减少患者术中的出血量,改善了患者生活质量,为胆管复杂结石、取石困难患者的治疗提供了一种高效、安全的选择。

腹腔镜下解剖性肝切除术对原发性肝癌患者肝功能及术后并发症的影响

目的:探讨腹腔镜下解剖性肝切除术对原发性肝癌患者肝功能及术后并发症的影响。方法:选取2021年10月—2023年1月佛山市中医院收治的84例原发性肝癌患者作为研究对象,按照随机数表法将患者分为观察组与对照组,各42例。对照组给予腹腔镜下非解剖性肝切除术,观察组给予腹腔镜下解剖性肝切除术。比较两组手术指标、肝功能、并发症。结果:两组手术时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组输血量、术中出血量少于对照组,肛门通气恢复时间、术后住院时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组治疗后谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、总胆红素(TBIL)、谷草转氨酶(AST)水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组并发症发生率为4.76%(2/42),低于对照组的23.81%(10/42),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:腹腔镜下解剖性肝切除术治疗原发性肝癌患者能减少输血量、术中出血量,缩短肛门通气恢复时间、术后住院时间,改善肝功能,且并发症少,安全性高。

腹腔镜技术联合胆道镜治疗复杂肝胆管结石的临床观察

目的 探讨腹腔镜技术联合胆道镜在治疗复杂肝胆管结石的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2020年1月至2022年06月收住于湖南省人民医院采用腹腔镜手术联合术中胆道镜治疗复杂肝胆管结石167例患者的临床资料。其中男性70例,女性97例;年龄49.6±13.5(17~76)岁。所有患者均有上腹部疼痛或寒战高热表现。既往上腹部手术史方面,合并肝部分切除术10例,合并胆肠内引流术16例。根据肝胆管结石分型,Ⅰ型(区域型)23例,Ⅱ型(弥漫型)42例,Ⅲ型(附加型,合并肝外胆管结石)102例。结果 本文167例患者手术时间232.87±49.73min,术中失血量113.89±79.41ml。术后肛门排气时间2.04±0.71d,术后住院时间8.46±2.65d。术后出现并发症27例:术后出血2例,均行介入栓塞止血;术后切口感染2例,加强换药后好转;术后胆瘘7例,其中1例经B超引导穿刺引流,余6例保持引流管通畅引流后好转;术后结石残留16例,3例术后口服溶石利胆药物后消失,余均术后3月经T管窦道胆道镜取石。所有病例均有完整随访,出院后胆管炎发作7例,其中2例经T管窦道胆道镜取石后未再发作,余经保守治疗后好转。随访过程中9例患者结石复发,6例经PTCSL和ERCP取净结石,2例行开腹胆道探查术取石,1例行开腹左半肝切除术取石。结论 在复杂肝胆管结石治疗中,充分术前评估,准确把握手术指征,熟练掌握腹腔镜技术与胆道镜操作技巧,联合应用腹腔镜和胆道镜治疗复杂肝胆管结石是一种安全、有效的方法。

不同入肝血流阻断技术下腹腔镜肝切除术治疗原发性肝癌患者近期效果研究

目的探讨不同入肝血流阻断技术腹腔镜肝切除术(LH)治疗原发性肝癌(PLC)患者的效果。方法2021年2月~2022年11月我院收治的PLC患者132例,均行LH术治疗。术中,69例观察组采用区域性入肝血流阻断,对照组63例采用间歇性全入肝血流阻断。常规测量心率(HR)和平均动脉压(MAP),使用超声检测门静脉血流速度(PVV)。结果观察组手术输血率、手术时间和住院日分别为15.9%、(240.3±42.9)min和(14.7±2.3)d,与对照组【分别为19.1%、(231.7±39.5)min和(15.0±2.9)d】比,无统计学差异(P>0.05),而观察组肝血流阻断时间为(0.0±0.0)min,显著短于对照组【(26.8±7.1)min,P<0.05】,术中出血量为(301.2±52.5)mL,显著少于对照组【(369.8±59.4)mL,P<0.05】;在术后7 d,观察组HR、MAP和PVV分别为(79.1±7.2)次/min、(80.7±3.6)mmHg和(21.3±2.0)cm/s,与对照组【分别为(78.9±6.8)次/min、(81.9±4.1)mmHg和(20.9±1.9)cm/s】比,无统计学差异(P>0.05);观察组血清总胆红素水平为(18.4±3.5)μmol/L,显著低于对照组【(24.9±5.7)μmol/L,P<0.05】,而白蛋白水平为(35.3±5.4)g/L,显著高于对照组【(32.0±4.6)g/L,P<0.05】;术后,两组腹腔积液、切口感染、胆汁漏、肺部感染和腹腔出血等并发症发生率无显著性差异(2.9%对3.2%,P>0.05)。结论在行LH手术时,采用入肝血流阻断技术安全有效,但采取区域性入肝血流阻断能缩短肝血流阻断时间,减少术中出血量,对术后肝功能损伤较轻。

腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗肝硬化合并肝胆结石的临床效果及安全性分析

目的探讨分析腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗肝硬化合并肝胆结石的临床疗效及安全性。方法选取2022年4月至2023年12月在酒泉市人民医院肝胆外科进行治疗的105例肝硬化合并肝胆结石患者为研究对象,给予开腹胆囊切除术治疗的52例患者纳入对照组,给予腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗的53例患者纳入试验组。对比两组临床指标、临床疗效、手术安全性、手术前后肝功能指标。结果与对照组相比,试验组术中渗血量较少,手术时长、术后首次排气时间及住院时长均更短,P<0.05。试验组并发症发生率明显低于对照组,P<0.05。治疗前,两组TBIL、ALT及AST相比,P>0.05;治疗后,两组TBIL、ALT及AST均下降,且与对照组相比,试验组明显更低,P<0.05。试验组临床总有效率明显比对照组高,P<0.05。结论腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗肝硬化合并肝胆结石不仅可减少患者手术出血量,还可缩短手术时长及术后初次排气时间,改善患者肝功能,减少并发症,提高临床疗效,促进患者恢复。

联合肝脏离断和门静脉结扎的二步肝切除术治疗巨块型肝脏肿瘤体会

目的探讨联合肝脏离断和门静脉结扎的二步肝切除术(associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy,ALPPS)治疗巨块型肝脏肿瘤的可行性,并总结治疗经验。方法回顾性分析临沧市人民医院2019年1月至2024年3月收治的3例巨块型肝脏肿瘤病人施行ALPPS的临床资料,分析围手术期资料和手术情况,评价其临床应用价值。结果3例病人肿瘤长径分别为11.0 cm×14.0 cm、13.0 cm×15.5 cm、16.5 cm×19.0 cm。3例均顺利施行ALPPS,无手术死亡。ALPPSⅠ阶段手术后7 d增强CT复查,2例荷瘤侧肝叶发生萎缩,保留侧肝叶增生明显,分别为64.41%、72.38%。1例保留侧肝叶未见明显增大,遂行补救性经肝动脉栓塞术治疗。术后14 d增强CT测量剩余肝脏体积(future liver remnant,FLR),3例病人模拟右半肝/右三叶切除后三维重建报告示FLR分别为51.27%、62.33%、46.48%,3例均完成ALPPSⅡ阶段手术。ALPPSⅠ阶段手术后发生胆漏1例,ALPPSⅡ阶段手术后发生胸腹水2例,谷丙转氨酶、总胆红素等指标一过性升高,在术后第6天均恢复正常,复查甲胎蛋白均<20.0μg/L。痊愈出院。结论ALPPS能够诱导预留肝叶短期内快速增生,降低了巨块型肝脏肿瘤术后肝衰竭的风险,拓展了肝脏肿瘤根治性切除的极限,是巨块型肝脏肿瘤可选择的一种治疗方案。