A Multilayer Network Constructed for Herb and Prescription Efficacy Analysis

Chinese Medicine(CM)has been widely used as an important avenue for disease prevention and treatment in China especially in the form of CM prescriptions combining sets of herbs to address patients’symptoms and syndromes.However,the selection and compatibility of herbs are complex and abstract due to intrinsic relationships between herbal properties and their overall functions.Network analysis is applied to demonstrate the complex relationships between individual herbal efficacy and the overall function of CM prescriptions.To illustrate their connections and correlations,prescription function(PF),prescription herb(PH),and herbal efficacy(HE)intranetworks are proposed based on CM theory to identify relationships between herbs and prescriptions.These three networks are then connected by PF-PH and PH-HE interlayer networks adopting herb dosage to form a multidimensional heterogeneous network,a Prescription-Herb-Function Network(PHFN).The network is applied to 112 classic prescriptions from Treatise on Exogenous Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases to illustrate the application of PHFN.The PHFN is constructed including 146 functions in PF intra network,89 herbs in the PH intra network,and 163 herbal efficacies in the HE intra network.The results show that herb pairs with synergistic actions have stronger relevance,such as licorice-cassia twig,licorice-Chinese date,fresh ginger-Chinese date,etc.The integration of dosage to the network helps to indicate the main herbs for cluster analysis and automatic formulation.PHFN also reveals the internal relationships between the functions of prescriptions and composed herbal efficacies.

Chinese herbal medicine decreases incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in diabetes mellitus patients with regular insulin management

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM)is an independent risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),while insulin is a potent mitogen.Identifying a new therapeutic modality for preventing insulin users from developing HCC is a critical goal for researchers.AIM To investigate whether regular herbal medicine use can decrease HCC risk in DM patients with regular insulin control.METHODS We used data acquired from the Taiwan,Chinaese National Health Insurance research database between 2000 and 2017.We identified patients with DM who were prescribed insulin for>3 months.The herb user group was further defined as patients prescribed herbal medication for DM for>3 months per annum during RESULTS We initially enrolled 657144 DM patients with regular insulin use from 2000 to 2017.Among these,46849 patients had used a herbal treatment for DM,and 140547 patients were included as the matched control group.The baseline variables were similar between the herb users and nonusers.DM patients with regular herb use had a 12%decreased risk of HCC compared with the control group[adjusted hazard ratio(aHR)=0.88,95%CI=0.80–0.97].The cumulative incidence of HCC in the herb users was significantly lower than that of the nonusers.Patients with a herb use of>5 years cumulatively exhibited a protective effect against development of HCC(aHR=0.82,P<0.05).Of patients who developed HCC,herb users exhibited a longer survival time than nonusers(aHR=0.78,P=0.0001).Additionally,we report the top 10 herbs and formulas in prescriptions and summarize the potential pharmacological effects of the constituents.Our analysis indicated that Astragalus propinquus(Huang Qi)plus Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge(Dan Shen),and Astragalus propinquus(Huang Qi)plus Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim.(Tian Hua Fen)were the most frequent combination of single herbs.Meanwhile,Ji Sheng Shen Qi Wan plus Dan Shen was the most frequent combination of herbs and formulas.CONCLUSION This large-scale retrospective cohort study reveals that herbal medicine may decrease HCC risk by 12%in DM patients with regular insulin use.

Exploring the mechanism of action of herb pair Pinellia Ternata-Magnolia Officinalis in the treatment of liver cancer based on network pharmacology and molecular docking

Background:Explore the anti-tumor mechanism of herb pair Pinellia ternate-Magnolia officinalis(BX-HP)in liver cancer through network pharmacology using molecular docking methods.Method:The active ingredients and corresponding targets of the herb pair Pinellia ternate-Magnolia officinalis were obtained from the HERB database.The relevant targets for liver cancer were obtained from GeneCards,DisGeNET,TTD,and Drugbank databases.Obtain common targets between herb pair Pinellia ternate-Magnolia officinalis and liver cancer through the Bioinformatics platform,establish a PPI network diagram using STRING software,and perform GO functional enrichment and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis on the DAVID platform.AutoDockTools 1.5.7 software and molecular dynamics simulation analysis are used to evaluate the binding of components to target proteins.HERB database,SwissTargetPrediction database,SwissADME database,UniProt database,GeneCards database,TTD database,DRUGBANK database,DisGeNET database,String,DAVID.Bioinformatics platform,PDB database,PubChem and TCMSP database.Result:A total of 22 active ingredients with a Probability>0.1 targets in Magnolia officinalis were screened,26 active ingredients with a Probability>0.1 targets in Pinellia ternata,ten vital active ingredients,corresponding to 979 and 803 targets with a Probability>0.1 targets,2536 liver cancer-related targets,and 279 targets in the herb pair Pinellia ternata-Magnolia officinalis.The GO functional enrichment analysis resulted in 1297 entries,namely 971 biological process entries,118 cell localization entries,and 208 molecular function entries.Three signaling pathways were annotated through the KEGG pathway.Based on molecular docking,ten vital active ingredients and five target proteins were validated to exhibit an excellent binding affinity.The above data indicates that combining the herb pair Pinellia ternata-Magnolia officinalis may treat liver cancer through specific targets and signaling pathways.Conclusion:Herb pair Pinellia ternata-Magnolia officinalis has a synergistic effect on treating liver cancer through multicomponent,multitarget,and multi-pathway approaches.This study provides a sufficient theoretical basis for subsequent research.

Structure and Properties of PLA Composite Enhanced with Biomass Fillers from Herbaceous Plants

PLA composites containing biomass fillers from the three herbaceous plants such as reed,wheat stalk,and coco-nut fiber with length and diameter at the scale of several millimeters were prepared without using additives.The reinforcement effect on the properties of PLA/biomass filler composites is investigated.The research results show that the PLA/biomass filler composites exhibit good stiffness,flexural strength,and impact toughness.Among the three kinds of biomass fillers,reed reinforced PLA composites show optimal mechanical properties.When filled with 40%–50%reed,the flexural moduli of the composites are over 7000 MPa.Flexural strength retains at the same level of pure PLA.The notch impact strength reaches to 4.50±0.73 kJ/m^(2),which is 2.06 times higher than that of pure PLA.Furthermore,the introduction of biomass fillers increases the crystallization ability of PLA and does not increase the water absorption of the composites.This research demonstrated that PLA composites prepared with biomass fillers from the herbaceous plants(namely herb plastic composites,HPCs)is a material with good comprehensive mechanical properties while retaining the intrinsic particularity of biological sources.

Herbs and management of hypertension:Claims,criticism,and challenges

Hypertension(HTN)is one of the most common chronic diseases affecting over 30%of the adult population globally,with a growing incidence rate.This article aims to identify the commonly used herbs for HTN treatment and examine their claims,criticisms,and challenges.It further aims to provide useful recommendations regarding the use of herbs for HTN treatment.HTN complications,such as coronary heart disease,stroke,peripheral vascular disease,vision impairment,and renal failure can result in morbidity and mortality.The high cost of conventional medications,which sometimes may not even be available or easily accessible with their unfavorable side effects as well as taking more than one pill per day,has led hypertensive patients,particularly those in rural areas,to explore alternative treatments such as herbal therapies.It is crucial to determine the different modes of action,doses,safety,and efficacy of herbal remedies used in combination with conventional medications to improve treatment adherence and enhance patient outcomes.

Mechanism of Herbal Medicine and Food Dandelion Effects May be Related to RNA or DNA Regulation: A Review

Background: A dandelion is a common plant with a global growth distribution that has been used as a medicinal and food with no adverse effects. Purpose: In this article, the products and effects of dandelions are reviewed to help further in-depth studies and develop more products derived from dandelions in the future. Method: The literature about dandelion in various databases such as Pubmed is searched. Results: Dandelions have many effects, such as virus inhibition, anti-tumor activity, nutritional value, anti-aging, potential as a vaccine and alleviation of heat stress. The mechanism underlying these effects is analyzed and it was found that dandelions were regulated by RNA or DNA. Conclusion: As a medicinal and food, dandelions are safe and have many effects. Many products derived from dandelions have been developed. The metabolic regulation is related with ribonucleic acid or possibly deoxynucleic acid. Further in-depth studies should be conducted on the regulation of dandelions through RNA or DNA. There will likely be more products derived from dandelions in the future.

Efficacy and Safety of the Chinese Herbal Compound TJAOA101 in Treating Diminished Ovarian Reserve: A Protocol for Multicenter, Prospective, and Pre-Post Study

Objective Diminished ovarian reserve(DOR)can lead to early menopause,poor fecundity,and an increased risk of disorders such as osteoporosis,cardiovascular disease,and cognitive impairment,seriously affecting the physical and mental health of women.There is still no safe and effective strategy or method to combat DOR.We have developed a novel Chinese herbal formula,Tongji anti-ovarian aging 101(TJAOA101),to treat DOR.However,its safety and efficacy need to be further validated.Methods In this prospective and pre-post clinical trial,100 eligible patients aged 18–45 diagnosed with DOR will be recruited.All participants receive TJAOA101 twice a day for 3 months.Then,comparisons before and after treatment will be analyzed,and the outcomes,including anti-mullerian hormone(AMH)and follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)levels and the antral follicle count(AFC),the recovery rate of menopause,and the Kupperman index(KMI),will be assessed at baseline,every month during medication(the intervention period),and 1,3 months after medication(the follow-up period).Assessments for adverse events will be performed during the intervention and follow-up periods.Conclusion A multicenter,prospective study will be conducted to further confirm the safety and efficacy of TJAOA101 in treating DOR and to provide new therapeutic strategies for improving the quality of life in DOR patients.

Cell-Based Biological Markers for Blood-Enriching Chinese Herbs: Erythropoietin Production in HepG2 Cells and Nitric Oxide Release in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs)

Chinese tonifying herbs, which are classified into four functional categories (namely, Yang, Qi, Yin, Blood) are commonly used for restoring normal body function and the prevention of diseases. To explore cell-based biological markers for Blood-enriching Chinese herbs, we investigate the effect of 11 commonly used Blood-enriching herbs on erythropoietin (EPO) production in HepG2 cells. Herbs for nourishing Yin were tested for determining the specificity of Blood-enriching herbs in inducing EPO production. In addition, the effects of Blood-enriching herbs on nitric oxide (NO) production in both HepG2 cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were also investigated. The results indicated that methanolic extracts of Blood-enriching herbs (but not Yin-nourishing herbs) showed characteristic pharmacological activity in inducing EPO production in HepG2 cells and NO release in HUVECs. The experimental findings, therefore, support the use of cell-based EPO production and NO release as biological markers for Blood-enriching Chinese tonifying herbs.

Topology and Semantic Information Fusion Classification Network Based on Hyperspectral Images of Chinese Herbs

Most methods for classifying hyperspectral data only consider the local spatial relation-ship among samples,ignoring the important non-local topological relationship.However,the non-local topological relationship is better at representing the structure of hyperspectral data.This paper proposes a deep learning model called Topology and semantic information fusion classification network(TSFnet)that incorporates a topology structure and semantic information transmis-sion network to accurately classify traditional Chinese medicine in hyperspectral images.TSFnet uses a convolutional neural network(CNN)to extract features and a graph convolution network(GCN)to capture potential topological relationships among different types of Chinese herbal medicines.The results show that TSFnet outperforms other state-of-the-art deep learning classification algorithms in two different scenarios of herbal medicine datasets.Additionally,the proposed TSFnet model is lightweight and can be easily deployed for mobile herbal medicine classification.

Quality Standard of Qiang Herb Sophora davidii var.chuansiensis

[Objectives]To establish the quality standard of common clinical folk herb Sophora davidii var.chuansiensis.[Methods]The qualitative identification was performed by microscopic method and thin-layer chromatography(TLC).The contents of moisture,total ash,acid insoluble ash and extract were determined according to the methods of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020).High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)was used to determine the contents of oxymatrine and oxysophocarpine.[Results]The microscopic characteristics were obvious,including crystal sheath fiber,calcium oxalate square crystal,non glandular hair,stone cells,epidermal cells,stomata,cork cells,vessels with marginal pits and so on.TLC spots were clear,and the resolution was good.The contents of moisture,total ash,acid insoluble ash and extract from 10 batches of samples were 4.70%-8.33%,3.43%-4.19%,0.65%-1.02%and 14.67%-22.04%respectively.The determination results of oxymatrine were between 0.10%-0.33%,with an average value of 0.19%.The determination results of sophocarpine oxide were between 0.30%-0.38%,with an average value of 0.34%.[Conclusions]The established quality standard of S.davidii var.chuansiensis had good specificity and accuracy,and could be used for the quality control of herb S.davidii var.chuansiensis.

Traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions and herbs for the treatment of hypothyroidism:a narrative review

The increasing prevalence of hypothyroidism,which can cause endocrine dysfunction,abnormal neurological function,and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular injuries,poses serious health problems.Thyroid hormone supplementation constitutes the current main therapeutic method for hypothyroidism,yet it has many limitations and risks and is not suitable for everyone.Therefore,it is necessary to seek alternative and complementary treatment methods.It has been proven in practice that traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)possesses multi-channel comprehensive characteristics for the treatment of hypothyroidism and has more advantages than single thyroid hormone supplementation.Through a comprehensive examination of existing literature about TCM efficacy in addressing hypothyroidism,we have meticulously consolidated the most recent research findings on prescriptions and herbal substances employed in the treatment of this condition.Furthermore,we have explicated their respective functions in the management of hypothyroidism,thereby offering valuable perspectives and recommendations for the prospective utilization of natural remedies in its treatment.

“Astragali Radix−Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma”herb pair in the treatment of liver cirrhosis and its pharmacological mechanisms

Objective:Liver cirrhosis is a disease that seriously damages human health.Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)formulae have a good therapeutic effect on cirrhosis,and the herb pair is the smallest unit in formula compatibility,which is important for improving the therapeutic effect.Therefore,identifying core herb pairs among TCM formulae is key.Methods:We mined the data of TCM formulae for the treatment of cirrhosis in the China National Intellectual Property Administration for the first time and analyzed their herb characteristics and association rules.We screened 405 patented TCM formulae,including 953 herbs.Based on frequency statistics and association rules,we determined“Astragali Radix-Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma”as the core herb pair.Results:Six active compounds,Isorhamnetin,Formononetin,Calycosin,Cryptotanshinone,Dihydrotanshinone I,and Tanshinone II A,were screened out based on previous studies and network pharmacology.We found that SRC,TP53,HSP90AA1,MAPK3,MAPK1,and STAT3 played pivotal roles in treating cirrhosis.Interestingly,molecular docking indicated that MAPK3 might be a potential pharmacological target for cirrhosis.Conclusion:We preliminarily predicted and verified the pharmacological and molecular mechanism of“Astragali Radix-Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma”in treating cirrhosis.This can expand the scope of TCM in the treatment of cirrhosis,guide people to use clinical formulae,and provide valuable insights for further drug discovery studies.

中药渣发酵菌剂筛选及发酵工艺优化效果研究

试验旨在筛选中药渣的适宜发酵菌剂并建立最佳发酵工艺,用来提高发酵中药渣中营养成分和生物活性成分含量。试验包含三个部分。试验一:采用单因素试验设计,利用植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum,Lp)、酵母菌(Saccharomyces cerevisiae,Sc)和枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis,Bs)对中药渣进行单一菌剂、等比例两两复合和三者复合发酵,通过常规养分含量测定对其发酵效果进行营养价值评价,并筛选出适宜的发酵菌剂及复合类型。试验二:采用双因素试验设计,筛选发酵菌剂的最优添加比例。试验三:采用正交设计试验,分析初始水分含量(45%、50%、55%)、发酵温度(35、37、40℃)及发酵时间(24、48、72 h)对最优发酵剂处理后药渣内营养成分和生物活性成分含量变化的影响,优化工艺参数。结果表明:最优菌制剂为植物乳杆菌与枯草芽孢杆菌等比例组合,其最优添加比例为1∶1;最佳发酵工艺条件为初始水分含量为55%,发酵温度为37℃,发酵时间为72 h。黄曲霉毒素B1(Aflatoxin B1,AFB1)和呕吐毒素(Deoxynivalenol,DON)均符合中国饲料卫生标准。在此发酵工艺条件下有利于提升中药渣的发酵效果。

南京明城墙绿带草本层自生植物群落数量分类与排序分析

探索南京明城墙绿带草本层自生植物群落类型及其分布情况,确定影响其群落分布的主要环境因子,旨在为构建南京明城墙沿线绿色生态廊道及加强对于明城墙的保护提供理论依据。以南京明城墙绿带内30个样点为研究对象,基于南京明城墙绿带的野外调查数据,以物种重要值为指标,运用α多样性指数分析草本层自生植物的物种多样性特征,采用平均聚合聚类(UPGMA)和典范对应分析(CCA)进行数量分类与排序,研究南京明城墙绿带草本层自生植物群落组成、分布及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明:1)南京明城墙绿带草本层自生植物的物种多样性指数和均匀度指数均较高,且物种分布较为均匀;2)UPGMA聚类将明城墙绿带草本层自生植物分为棕榈-常春藤婆婆纳+中华薹草+黄鹌菜群落、繁缕+紫堇+诸葛菜+阿拉伯婆婆纳群落、常春藤婆婆纳+野芝麻+繁缕+紫堇群落、鹅观草+野芝麻+诸葛菜+紫堇群落、络石-鹅观草+常春藤婆婆纳+加拿大一枝黄花群落、天葵+繁缕+野芝麻+猪殃殃群落、络石-野芝麻+诸葛菜+南赤瓟群落、蓬蘽+络石-渐尖毛蕨+鹅观草群落、野芝麻+鹅观草+求米草+青绿薹草群落、络石-野芝麻+常春藤婆婆纳+诸葛菜群落、野蔷薇+络石+厚萼凌霄-茜草群落11组类型;3)CCA排序结果显示,影响南京明城墙绿带草本层自生植物群落分布的主要环境因子是郁闭度、枯落物厚度、墙体高度及墙面朝向。

传统文化术语英译路径探究——以杨、霍英译《红楼梦》中Herb一词的选择为例

如何翻译好具有中国传统特色术语是推动中国优秀传统文化走出去的关键。通过评析杨宪益、戴乃迭以及大卫·霍克斯、约翰·闵福德两个《红楼梦》经典译本,对选用herb一词所体现出的传统文化术语英译需考虑因素和可借鉴方法等方面加以分析,以期对中华文化内涵的科技术语翻译有所启示。

基于数据挖掘探究补肾益髓法治疗阿尔茨海默病的用药规律

目的运用数据挖掘分析方法总结归纳补肾益髓类中药复方治疗阿尔茨海默病(alzheimer′s disease,AD)的核心药物及用药规律。方法将自数据库建立起至2022年4月于中文数据库中国知网、万方、维普,中国临床试验注册中心,英文数据库PubMed、Web of science中检索到的补肾益髓法治疗AD的临床研究文献作为数据来源,利用SPSS modeler 18.0和SPSS Statistic 25.0软件对纳入文献中记载的复方药物进行频次统计、关联分析、系统聚类分析和因子分析;通过Cytoscape 3.8.0构建中药核心复杂网络,并对网络中的中药进行拓扑分析。结果经筛选,得到69篇文献共计70首处方,108味中药;单味药物属熟地黄应用次数最高;补虚药、活血化瘀药、安神药应用最为广泛;网络拓扑学筛选得到包括熟地黄、石菖蒲、枸杞子、远志在内的12味核心中药;关联分析得到常用药物关联规则37条,最为常见的药对为“熟地黄-枸杞子”“石菖蒲-远志”等,使用频次最高的药物组合为“熟地黄-石菖蒲-远志”;系统聚类分析在欧式平方距离为15时可归纳为3个潜在聚类方,因子分析共提取4个公因子,其药物组成体现了地黄饮子、六味地黄丸、左归丸等补肾经方的药物配伍规律。结论补肾益髓法治疗AD以补肾填精益髓为主体,辅以活血祛瘀、宁心安神、豁痰开窍;针对AD病机治疗标本兼顾,体现了中医药整体观念、辨证施治的诊疗特点。

彝药苦刺化学成分和生物活性的研究进展

目的总结近年来彝族民族药苦刺的化学成分和生物活性的研究进展,为进一步开发利用该民族药提供参考。方法通过万方、维普、CNKI、SCI finder、PubMed等数据库查阅国内外有关苦刺的文献,对其化学成分和药理活性研究结果进行归纳和总结。结果苦刺的根、茎、叶、花和种子皆可入药;该植物所含成分结构类型多样,其中以生物碱和黄酮为主;苦刺具有抗炎、抗糖尿病、抗肿瘤、抗胃溃疡等多种药理作用。结论苦刺是一种富含生物碱和黄酮且生物活性多样的民族药,具有进一步研究开发的价值。

基于生物信息学分析干燥综合征伴发疲劳机制及中药预测研究

目的 从生物信息学角度分析干燥综合征(sjogren's syndrome,SS)伴发疲劳相关的生物标记物,探讨SS伴发疲劳的发病机制,并通过差异基因预测治疗SS伴发疲劳的潜在中药。方法 从基因表达数据库(gene expression omnibus,GEO)下载GSE66795数据集,使用R语言分析得到差异表达基因(differentially expressed genes,DEGs),对其进行基因本体(gene ontology,GO)及京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)富集分析,后通过STRING数据库、Cytoscape软件及其插件得到关键基因,将关键基因与医学本体信息检索平台相互映射,筛选出治疗SS伴发疲劳的中药。结果 共得到48个DEGs,包括46个上调基因和2个下调基因,并筛选出10个关键基因。GO和KEGG富集分析显示,这些基因多富集甲型流感、丙型肝炎、麻疹、冠状病毒-COVID-19等多条病毒感染通路。筛选出3类潜在中药,分别为清肝、补肾、清热解毒类药物。结论 通过对DEGs的分析加深了对SS伴发疲劳发生机制的认识,并为中药治疗本病提供了潜在基因靶标及思路。

高明利教授治疗类风湿关节炎用药规律总结及机制分析

目的通过对门诊处方的收集整理,分析高明利教授治疗类风湿关节炎的用药规律、核心药物及作用机制。方法收集2021年7月—2022年12月,类风湿关节炎患者首次就诊于辽宁中医药大学附属医院,高明利教授专家门诊的首诊处方,采用数据挖掘联合网络药理学及分子对接的方法,运用《中医传承计算平台》对药物的频次、性味、归经和功效进行分类统计,对所有处方进行K-means聚类分析;运用R语言进行Apriori关联规则分析得到核心药物;通过TCMSP数据库查找核心药物活性成分及靶点,并在DisGeNet数据库中预测治疗靶点;对预测的治疗靶点进行GO、KEGG富集分析,构建治疗靶点的蛋白互作网络并进行重要治疗靶点的筛选;以重要治疗靶点作为蛋白受体,核心药物活性成分作为配体进行分子对接验证。结果研究共纳入中药处方169首,涉及中药216味,高频用药为穿山龙、甘草、延胡索、白芍、桂枝、川芎、黄芪、透骨草等;药物四气以温性为主,兼有寒性等;五味以甘味为主,兼有苦味等;归经以足厥阴肝经为首;功效以补虚为主,兼活血化瘀、清热、祛风湿等;聚类分析得到以穿山龙、延胡索、透骨草、川芎、桂枝为首的处方3类;关联规则分析根据置信度、支持度、提升度筛选出核心药物为透骨草、延胡索、穿山龙;药物有效活性成分有槲皮素、山柰酚等,药物预测治疗靶点118个;主要富集在TNF、IL17、HIF-1等炎性信号通路上;核心治疗靶点为TNF、IL6、IL1B、CCL2、IL10等。结论高明利教授门诊治疗类风湿关节炎的治疗原则以“通痹扶正”为主,以镇痛通络、益气扶正为主要的治疗方法,核心药物为穿山龙、延胡索、透骨草,其中有效成分为槲皮素、山柰酚等,能够作用于以TNF、IL6、IL1B、CCL2、IL10等为代表的治疗靶点通过TNF、IL-17等炎性信号通路发挥治疗效果。

酶菌协同发酵中草药渣工艺优化研究

本研究旨在筛选适宜的酶菌发酵制剂并建立优化发酵条件,以改善和提高中草药渣的营养价值和生物活性含量。采用三因素三水平正交试验设计,设置三个变量分别为初始含水量(45%、50%、55%)、发酵温度(35、37、40℃)和发酵时间(24、48、72 h),研究纤维素酶、植物乳杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌协同混合发酵对药渣营养成分和生物活性含量变化的影响,确定适宜的工艺参数。研究结果表明:酶菌协同发酵咽炎片药渣的最佳发酵工艺条件为初始水分含量55%,发酵温度40℃,发酵时间72 h。黄曲霉毒素B1和呕吐毒素均符合我国饲料卫生生产标准。在此发酵工艺条件下有助于提升发酵药渣的营养价值。