Targeting colorectal cancer with Herba Patriniae and Coix seed:Network pharmacology,molecular docking,and in vitro validation

BACKGROUND Herba Patriniae and Coix seed(HC)constitute a widely utilized drug combination in the clinical management of colorectal cancer(CRC)that is known for its diuretic,anti-inflammatory,and swelling-reducing properties.Although its efficacy has been demonstrated in a clinical setting,the active compounds and their mechanisms of action in CRC treatment remain to be fully elucidated.AIM To identify the active,CRC-targeting components of HC and to elucidate the mechanisms of action involved.METHODS Active HC components were identified and screened using databases.Targets for each component were predicted.CRC-related targets were obtained from human gene databases.Interaction targets between HC and CRC were identified.A“drug-ingredient-target”network was created to identify the core components and targets involved.Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)analyses were conducted to elucidate the key pathways involved.Molecular docking between core targets and key components was executed.In vitro experiments validated core monomers.RESULTS Nineteen active components of HC were identified,with acacetin as the primary active compound.The predictive analysis identified 454 targets of the active compounds in HC.Intersection mapping with 2685 CRC-related targets yielded 171 intervention targets,including 30 core targets.GO and KEGG analyses indicated that HC may influence the phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway.Molecular docking showed that acacetin exhibited an optimal interaction with AKT1,identifying PI3K,AKT,and P53 as key genes likely targeted by HC during CRC treatment.Acacetin inhibited HT-29 cell proliferation and migration,as well as promoted apoptosis,in vitro.Western blotting analysis revealed increased p53 and cleaved caspase-3 expression and decreased levels of p-PI3K,p-Akt,and survivin,which likely contributed to CRC apoptosis.CONCLUSION Acacetin,the principal active compound in the HC pair,inhibited the proliferation and migration of HT-29 cells and promoted apoptosis through the PI3K/Akt/p53 signaling pathway.

Anti-inflammatory Mechanism of Yao Medicine Laggerae Alatae Herba

[Objectives]To study the anti-inflammatory effect of Laggerae Alatae Herba extract and its mechanism.[Methods]Inflammation models of xylene-induced ear edema in mice,acetic acid-induced increased permeability of abdominal capillaries in mice,and carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice were established;xylene-induced ear swelling model in bilateral adrenalectomized mice was established.The levels of MDA,NO and SOD in inflammatory tissues of paw were measured.[Results]Compared with the model group,the high and medium dose groups of Laggerae Alatae Herba extract had significant inhibitory effect on xylene-induced ear edema in mice,except for the low dose group(P>0.05);Laggerae Alatae Herba extract inhibited the increase of celiac capillary permeability induced by acetic acid and paw edema induced by carrageenan in mice.Compared with the model group,in the mice model with bilateral adrenal glands removed,the high and medium dose groups of Laggerae Alatae Herba extract could significantly inhibit the xylene induced ear swelling of the mice.The high and medium dose groups of Laggerae Alatae Herba extract could significantly decrease the levels of MDA and NO,and significantly increase the level of SOD in the paw tissue.[Conclusions]The Laggerae Alatae Herba extracts have anti-inflammatory activity,and the anti-inflammatory effect of the extracts does not depend on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis(HPAA)system.In addition,the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Laggerae Alatae Herba extract is related to the decrease of MDA and NO and the increase of SOD.

Quality Standard of Tibetan Medicine Nardostachys jatamansi Herba Based on"An Integrated Plant but Multi-purpose"

[Objectives]To establish the quality standard of Nardostachys jatamansi Herba.[Methods]The characters and microscopical identification of N.jatamansi Herba were carried out.The contents of moisture,total ash,acid-insoluble ash and extract were determined according to the relevant methods of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition).Using chlorogenic acid and 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid as quality control indexes,TLC and HPLC methods were established for qualitative and quantitative determination,and HPLC fingerprints were established.[Results]The characteristics of character identification,microscopic identification and thin layer identification were obvious.The moisture content ranged from 2.7%to 7.8%,with an average value of 5.4%.The total ash content ranged from 6.7%to 16.2%,with an average of 11.0%.The acid-insoluble ash content ranged from 0.7%to 8.5%,with an average of 3.6%.Extractives content ranged from 20.9%to 34.4%,with an average of 29.7%.Chlorogenic acid content was between 0.45%and 1.30%,with an average value of 0.77%.The content of 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid ranged from 0.18%to 0.58%,with an average of 0.31%.The similarity of each batch was between 0.930 and 0.994,indicating that the quality of medicinal materials from different producing areas was stable.[Conclusions]The quality standard of N.jatamansi Herba was established,which could provide quality control basis for rational,comprehensive and efficient utilization of N.jatamansi DC.resources and clinical use.

Investigating the molecular mechanism of Chelidonii Herba against liver cancer using network pharmacology and molecular docking validation

Background:The molecular mechanism of Chelidonii Herba in treating hepatocellular carcinoma was investigated using network pharmacology and molecular docking validation.Methods:The main active components of Chelidonii Herba were screened using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform database,and the targets of these active ingredients were identified using the SwissTargetPrediction platform.Targets related to liver cancer were sourced from GeneCards,Therapeutic Targets Database,and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man databases.Intersection targets between the active components of Chelidonii Herba and liver cancer were determined using the jvenn online platform.The protein interaction network was analyzed via STRING database and visualized using Cytoscape 3.9.1.Core targets were identified and further analyzed within the protein interaction network.Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were conducted for the intersection targets using the DAVID database to correlate gene functions.Sankey bubble diagrams for Gene Ontology enrichment analysis and circular diagrams for Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis were generated using CNSknowall and SangerBox online platforms.Molecular docking and visualization were performed using AutoDockTools 1.5.7 and PyMOL 2.5.7 software,respectively.Overall survival and pan-cancer analysis of core targets were conducted using the GEPIA2 online platform.Results:Twelve active components of Chelidonii Herba were identified through screening.A total of 103 intersection targets and 12 core targets were found between these active constituents of Chelidonii Herba and liver cancer.Chelidonii Herba may exert its effects on liver cancer through these 12 core targets.Several signaling pathways are implicated,including chemical carcinogen-receptor activation,endocrine resistance,HIF-1 signaling pathway,and proteoglycans in cancer.Conclusion:Chelidonii Herba potentially intervenes in cancer-related signaling pathways for treating liver cancer by targeting AKT1,EGFR,and ERBB2.This action is facilitated by active ingredients such as(S)-chrysocorydaline,dihydrochelidonorubin,cryptopine,and oxysanguinarine.Chelidonii Herba may address liver cancer through a mechanism involving multiple components,targets,and pathways.

LC-MS-based metabolomics analysis of Gei Herba liver treatment in acetylphenylhydrazine-induced blood deficiency mice

Objective:This study aims to explore the metabolic mechanism of the liver protective effect of an aqueous extract of Gei Herba(AEG)in blood deficiency(BD)mice.Methods:The BD mouse model was established by acetylphenylhydrazine and cyclophosphamide.A total of forty-eight female Kunming mice(18–22 g)were randomly assigned to six groups:a control group,a BD model group,a positive drug group(Danggui Yixue oral liquid),and three AEG treatment groups receiving a daily AEG dose of 1,2,4 g/kg for nine days.The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and the protein expression of IL-1,IL-2,IL-3 and TNF-αwere determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)based metabolomics was used to identify liver metabolites,and the MetaboAnalyst platform was used to analyze the metabolic pathways.Results:AEG reduced serum AST,increased IL-1,IL-2,IL-3 and decreased TNF-αto effectively alleviate liver damage in BD mice.Furthermore,metabolomics analysis revealed that the disordered mice liver metabolic profile was corrected after AEG treatment,five differential metabolites were upregulated,and the mechanism was mainly related to increasing the primary bile acid biosynthesis.Conclusion:AEG has a regulatory effect on abnormal liver metabolism in BD mice.

Protective effects of kidney-tonifying Chinese herbal preparation on substantia nigra neurons in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease

The Chinese herbs Herba Epimedii, Fructus Ligustri Lucidi and Rhizoma Polygonati were injected into Parkinson＇s disease mice established via intraperitoneal injection of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride. The selective monoamine oxidase B inhibitor selegiline was used as a positive control drug. After successive administration for 4 weeks, Herba Epimedii could downregulate the expression of caspase-3 and increase the brain-derived neurotrophic factor level, as well as increase tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the substantia nigra of Parkinson＇s disease mouse models. Rhizoma Polygonaticould downregulate the expression of caspase-3 and FasL, and increase neural growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels. Fructus Ligustn Lucidi could downregulate caspase-3 expression. Rhizoma Polygonati and Fructus Ligustn Lucidi did not produce obvious effects on tyrosine hydroxylase activity. Herba Epimedii and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi yielded similar effects on apoptosis-promoting factors to those elicited by selegiline. Herba Epimedii and Rhizoma Polygonati significantly increased the levels of neurotrophic factors compared with selegiline. Herba Epimedii significantly increased tyrosine hydroxylase activity compared with selegiline. It is indicated that the kidney-tonifying Chinese herbal preparation can downregulate the expression of apoptosis-promoting factors, increase neurotrophic factors levels in the substantia nigra and striatum, as well as increase tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the substantia nigra of Parkinson＇s disease mouse models, thereby exerting a stronger or similar neuroprotective effects compared with selegiline.

Optimization of Extraction of Total Flavonoids from HERBA BLUMEAE RIPARIAE Using Response Surface Methodology

[Objectives]This study aimed to optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction process of total flavonoids from a Zhuang medicine HERBA BLUMEAE RIPARIAE using response surface methodology.[Methods]Using rutin as a reference substance,a standard curve was drawn at a wavelength of 292 nm.Content determination was performed through absorbance under different conditions.The effects of ultrasonic time,ethanol volume fraction and liquid-to-solid ratio on the yield of total flavonoids from HERBA BLUMEAE RIPARIAE were investigated by single-factor tests.By using Box-Behnken test,the ultrasonic-assisted extraction process of total flavonoids from HERBA BLUMEAE RIPARIAE was optimized.[Results]The optimal extraction process of total flavonoids from HERBA BLUMEAE RIPARIAE was as follows:ultrasonic time of 30 min,ethanol volume fraction of 50%and liquid-to-solid ratio of 40∶1(mL/g).Under the optimal extraction conditions,the average yield of total flavonoids from HERBA BLUMEAE RIPARIAE was 85.47 mg/g.[Conclusions]The optimized extraction process was convenient and feasible.This study will provide a reference for the extraction of total flavonoids from HERBA BLUMEAE RIPARIAE,and provide certain guidance and basis for further development and utilization of the plan resource of Blumea riparia(Bl.)DC.

EGTA reduces the inflorescence stem mechanical strength of herbaceous peony by modifying secondary wall biosynthesis

The mechanical strength of inflorescence stems is an important trait in cut flowers.Calcium ions(Ca^(2+))play a pivotal role in maintaining stem strength,but little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms.In this study,we treated herbaceous peony(Paeonia lactiflora Pall.)with ethyl glycol tetraacetic acid(EGTA),an effective Ca^(2+)chelator,and used morphology indicators,spectroscopic analysis,histochemical staining,electron microscopy,and proteomic techniques to investigate the role of Ca^(2+)in inflorescence stem mechanical strength.The EGTA treatment reduced the mechanical strength of inflorescence stems,triggered the loss of Ca^(2+)from cell walls,and reduced lignin in thickened secondary walls in xylem cells as determined by spectroscopic analysis and histochemical staining.Electron microscopy showed that the EGTA treatment also resulted in significantly fewer xylem cell layers with thickened secondary walls as well as in reducing the thickness of these secondary walls.The proteomic analysis showed 1065 differentially expressed proteins(DEPs)at the full-flowering stage(S4).By overlapping the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG)and gene ontology(GO)analysis results,we identified 43 DEPs involved in signal transduction,transport,energy metabolism,carbohydrate metabolism,and secondary metabolite biosynthesis.Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)analysis,we showed that EGTA treatment inhibited Ca^(2+)sensors and secondary wall biosynthesis-related genes.Our findings revealed that EGTA treatment reduced the inflorescence stem mechanical strength by reducing lignin deposition in xylem cells through altering the expression of genes involved in Ca^(2+)binding and secondary wall biosynthesis.

Extraction Process of Volatile Oil of Artemisiae Scopariae Herba

[Objectives]To obtain the optimal extraction process parameters of volatile oil of Artemisiae Scopariae Herba.[Methods]The controlled variable method was used to take the extraction amount of volatile oil as the evaluation indicator,and the effects of single factor solid-to-liquid ratio,soaking time and extraction time on the yield rate of volatile oil were investigated.[Results]When the solid-to-liquid ratio reached 1∶12,the soaking time reached 3 h,and the extraction time reached 2 h,the yield of volatile oil was the highest.[Conclusions]The conditions of this process are stable and feasible,and it is expected to provide a certain reference for extracting volatile oil from Artemisiae Scopariae Herba.

RNA Extraction from Herba Violae Roots with Low-temperature Sectioning Method

[ Objective ] This study aimed to investigate the optimal method for extracting RNA from roots of medicinal plant herba violae by comparing the effects of liquid nitrogen grinding method and low-temperature sectioning method on RNA extraction. [ Method] Roots of herba violae were respectively crushed by using liquid nitrogen grinding method and low-temperature sectioning method to extract RNA. The extraction effects of these two methods were compared based on detec- tion of RNA concentration, purity and integrity and amplification of GAPDH gene by RT-PCR. [Result] The concentration of RNA extracted by liquid nitrogen grinding method and low-temperature sectioning method was 1.21 and 3.57 p^g/~, respectively. Both RNA extracted by these two methods showed two distinct bands after agarose gel electrophoresis. The ratio of brightness of the 28S rRNA to the 18S rRNA bands was greater than 1. PCR amplification showed that the length of GAPDH gene was about 230 bp, which was consistent with the expected result. [ Conclusion ] The experimental results indicated that using low-tempera ture sectioning method to crush the roots of herba violae can meet the needs of most molecular biological experiments including gene cloning and expression analysis, which is an effective and simple method for extracting RNA from plant roots.

Pharmacognostic Identification of Yi Medicine Herba Boenninghauseniae Albiflorae

[Objectives] To identify original plant and traits of Yi medicine Herba Boenninghauseniae Albiflorae,and provide experimental data for its identification and application. [Methods] The original plant,traits,and microscopic identification were used. [Results] Essential identification characteristics of Yi medicine Herba Boenninghauseniae Albiflorae: small leaf was 1-2. 5 cm long,while the gynophore was 4-8mm long when bearing fruit; traits mainly included characteristic odor,strong and bitter taste,and spicy flavor; microscopic exclusive identifying characteristics: rich aleurone grain in the root; leaf had lysigenous secretory cavity,and non-glandular hairs and oil droplets were common. [Conclusions] Yi medicine Herba Boenninghauseniae Albiflorae( Ebazema) has distinctive identifying characteristics in original plant,traits,and microscopic tissues. This study is expected to provide certain reference for identification of original plant and medicine and formulation of quality standard for Yi medicine Ebazema,and to provide basis for its further research and development.

Optimization of Preparation and Brewing Process of Radix Polygonum Multiflorum Preparata-Herba Taxilli Tea Bag by Orthogonal Test Combined with Comprehensive Weighted Score Analysis

[Objectives]This study aimed to optimize the preparation process of Radix Polygonum Multiflorum Preparata-Herba Taxilli tea bags.[Methods]Taking the comprehensive weighed score of total flavonoid content,soup color,aroma and taste as an indicator,the preparation process of tea bags was optimized using an orthogonal test.[Results]The results of the orthogonal test show that the optimal preparation process for the Radix Polygonum Multiflorum Preparata-Herba Taxilli tea bags are as follows:particle size of 14 meshes,solid to liquid ratio of 1∶40,brewing temperature of 70℃,and brewing time of 10 min.[Conclusions]The optimized preparation process is reasonable and feasible.It is suitable for the production of Radix Polygonum Multiflorum Preparata-Herba Taxilli tea bags.

Anti-tumor research progress of Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae

Cancer,as one of the major public health problems in the world,dramatically harms human health.In recent years,studies have found that Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae not only plays a huge role in anti-infection but also has a strong effect on anti-tumor.Several studies have shown that the components contained in Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae have different levels of antitumor results in multiple pathways.This article summarizes the antitumor elements in Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae,and describes the antitumor mechanism of Herba Hedyotidis Diffusae.Provide new ideas for further clinical use.

Extraction of Herba Lycopi Polysaccharide and Study of Its Antioxidant Activity by Cellulase Method

[Objectives] To optimize the extraction process of Herba Lycopi polysaccharide by cellulase,and study its antioxidant activity.[Methods]The single factor test and orthogonal test were conducted to study the effect of p H,enzyme dosage,enzymolysis temperature and extraction time on the extraction of Herba Lycopi polysaccharide. And the test was done about its scavenging effect on DPPH radicals and superoxide anions,and the antioxidant activity was evaluated. [Results] The optimum extraction process by cellulase method was as follows: p H value of 7; enzyme dosage of 4 ml; enzymolysis temperature of 40 ℃; extraction time of 2. 5 h. The average extraction rate of Herba Lycopi polysaccharide was 10. 70%,and RSD was 0. 17%. The antioxidant activity test showed that Herba Lycopi polysaccharide had a significant scavenging effect on radicals. [Conclusions] Herba Lycopi polysaccharides had strong antioxidant activity,and could provide a scientific basis for the development and utilization of Herba Lycopi medicinal resources.

An Herbal Formula (GPC) Suppresses the Releases of Pro-Inflammatory Effectors in Lipopolysaccharide/Peptidoglycan-Activated RAW264.7 Macrophages and Reduces the Extent of Chemical-Induced Acute/Chronic Inflammation in Rodents

Pharyngitis (an inflammation in the pharynx) is a commonly occurring symptom of upper respiratory tract infection in patients suffering from common cold. The high prevalence of upper respiratory tract infection necessitates a safe and effective antiinflammatory agent for pharyngitis. Chinese herbal medicine, which has been clinically prescribed for thousands of years, may offer a basis for the treatment of common cold as well as the amelioration of pharyngitis. In the present study, we investigated the in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of a Chinese herbal formula, namely GPC, which is comprised of Glycyrrhiza Radix, Platycodonis Radix, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, Phyllanthi Fructus and Taraxaci Herba. Incubation with GPC (30, 100 and 300 μg/mL) suppressed the releases of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide/peptidoglycanactivated RAW264.7 macrophages. In addition to the cell-based study, long-term treatment with GPC (0.35, 1.05 and 2.10 mL/kg/day × 30 doses) was found to reduce the extent of inflammation in animal models of carrageenan-induced paw edema (acute inflammation) as well as cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation (chronic inflammation) in mice. The ability of GPC to enhance the tracheobronchial expectorant action suggested its immunomodulatory activity in the respiratory tract. This postulation was supported by the observation that GPC reduced the degree of pharyngitis and reversed the changes in plasma TNF-α and IL-6 levels in capsaicininduced pharyngitis in rats. The ensemble of results suggests that GPC may offer a promising prospect for alleviating the extent of pharyngitis by virtue of antiinflammatory activities.

Simultaneous determination of five diterpenoid alkaloids in Herba Delphinii by HPLC/ELSD

A HPLC-ELSD method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of five Hetisane-type diterpenoid alkaloids in a Tibetan traditional herbal medicine, ＂Gebu Dilu＂ （Herba Delphinii）, using a Kromasil C18 column （250 mmx 4.6 mm, 5 gm） with the mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 0.1% triethylamine in gradient （detected by evaporative light scattering detector）. The linear ranges of five compounds were determined and method validation was evaluated completely. The established method is rapid and accurate with high repeatability, and can be applied for the quality control of Herba Delphinii.

Quality Analysis of Herbal Medicine Products Prepared from Herba Sarcandrae by Capillary Electrophoresis with Electrochemical Detection

A capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection（CE-ED） method was developed for the quality analysis of herbal medicine products prepared from the same herb of Herba Sarcandrae： Fufang Caoshanhu tablets, Qingrexiaoyanning capsules, and Xuekang oral liquids. Under the optimal analysis conditions, the low detection limit[l.0×10^-7 mol/L（S/N=3）] and the wide linear range（1.0×10^-7-1.0×10^-4 mol/L） were obtained for quality standard compound of isofraxidin. The precisions of the peak current and the migration time（as RSDs） for the real sample analysis were 2.0%-2.6%, and 1.2%-1.8% for isofraxidin, respectively. The contents of isofraxidin detected were 15.77 μg/tablet, 0.48 mg/capsule, 1.2 mg/ampoule（Jiangxi）, and 0.44 mg/ampoule（Dalian） for Fufang Caoshanhu tablets, Qingrexiaoyanning capsules, and Xuekang oral liquids from different manufacturers, respectively. Quality estimate was conducted by comparing the contents of isofraxidin in the herbal medicine products with the demanded values of Chinese pharmacopeia. In addition, based on their own unique CE-ED profiles（namely, CE-ED electropherograms） the Xuekang oral liquids from the different manufacturers could be easily identified.

Protective Effects and Action Mechanism of Total Flavonoids of POLYGONI PERFOLIATI HERBA on Rats with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

[Objectives]To study the protective effects and mechanism of POLYGONI PERFOLIATI HERBA on rats with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis( NASH). [Methods] Sixty rats were randomly divided into normal group,model group,metformin group( 0. 5 mg/kg),and high dose,medium dose,and low dose groups of total flavonoids of POLYGONI PERFOLIATI HERBA( 600,300,150 mg/kg). The standard feed was given to the normal group,and the model group and the total flavonoids groups were fed with high-fat diet for 13 weeks to establish the NASH rat model. At the 8 th week,the metformin group and the POLYGONI PERFOLIATI HERBA total flavonoids groups were given with the corresponding drug treatment for 6 weeks,blood was taken from the eyeball to collect liver tissue. Biochemical method was used to determine ALT,AST,TC,TG,HDL-c,LDL-c,SOD,MDA,GSH-Px activity or content in serum and HOMA-IR,and ELISA was used to measure the TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 content in liver tissue; Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of AMPK,p-AMPK and ACC in liver tissue. [Results] Total flavonoids of POLYGONI PERFOLIATI HERBA could significantly decrease the activity or content of ALT,AST and MDA in serum of NASH rats( P < 0. 05,P < 0. 01),and enhance the activity of SOD and GSH-Px( P < 0. 05,P < 0. 01),reduce serum TC,TG,LDL-c levels and insulin resistance index,increase HDL-c levels( P < 0. 05,P < 0. 01); down-regulate liver IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,ACC levels and up-regulate p-AMPK expression( P < 0. 05,P < 0. 01). [Conclusions]The total flavonoids of POLYGONI PERFOLIATI HERBA have a good protective effect on NASH rats,and its mechanism may be related to the functions of regulating the lipid metabolism,alleviating insulin resistance,inhibiting oxidative stress,inhibiting inflammatory reaction and regulating AMPK and ACC protein expression.

Effects of Inhaled the Cyperi rhizoma and Perillae herba Essential Oil on Emotional States, Autonomic Nervous System and Salivary Biomarker

It is well-known that odor has a good influence on a human mind and body. In this study, we investigated the effect of the essential oil inhalation of Cyperi rhizoma and Perillae herba which were main aromatic herbs ingredient of the Kososan, to psychological condition, autonomic nerve activity and salivary biomarker. In addition, we examined influence by the favorite difference in odor. 25 healthy female volunteers (control group: 5 people;Cyperi rhizoma group: 10 people;Perillae herba group: 10 people) were examined. POMS was examined at PRE and POST the experiment. Pulse analyser was examined and saliva samples were collected before the inhalation, just after the inhalation, 10 minutes and 20 minutes later, respectively. Saliva samples analyzed for levels of α-amylase and cortisol. At the examination for POMS after the experiment, the preference for the odor was confirmed. About both Cyperi rhizoma and Perillae herba, by the essential oil inhalation, mental stability and relaxation effect were provided in psychological and psysiological evaluation. In the “like” group, relaxation was greater than “unlike” group. However, about Cyperi rhizoma, the stress was relaxed regardless of the favorite difference in odor, and a physical relaxation effect was shown. In addition, about the autonomic nerve activity, the parasympathetic nerve was not activated, and it was suggested that it was made and stabilized the balance of the autonomic nerve.

Simultaneous Determination of Three Components in Herba Taxilli from Different Host Trees by HPLC

[Objectives] To establish a HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of three components( namely,quercetin,quercitrin and avicularin) in Herba Taxilli. [Methods]Agilent C18 liquid chromatography column( column size: 150 mm × 4. 6 mm,5 m) was used;mobile phase Dacetonitrile∶ water = 22∶ 78; flow rate: 1. 0 m L/min; column temperature: 35℃; injection volume: 10 μL; detection wavelength: 254 nm. [Results]The injection volume of quercetin,quercitrin and avicularin was in a good linear relationship with the peak area in the range of 0. 22-4. 4 μg( R = 1),0. 096-3. 84 μg( R = 0. 999 6),and 0. 106-5. 3 μg( R = 0. 999 9),and the average sample recovery was 99. 32%,100. 53%,and 98. 96%,respectively. [Conclusions]The stability and reproducibility of the established method for determining the content of Herba Taxilli in this experiment are good,and it is expected to provide reference for its quality control and evaluation.