Increase of Income of Farmers and Herdsmen in Tibet in the New Period

The disposable income per capita of rural residents in Tibet was 7471 yuan in 2014. There is a high gap with the national average disposable income per capita of rural residents( 10489 yuan). Thus,it is urgent to increase income of farmers and herdsmen in Tibet. On the basis of literature in recent years,this paper analyzed methods for increasing income of farmers and herdsmen in Tibet,major factors restricting increase of their income,and approaches for increasing their income. It is expected to provide certain reference for further expanding ideas of increase of their income in the new period.

Livelihood Selection and Risk Reduction Strategies for Herdsmen in Ecological Migration Project Based on the Survey of 3 Migrant Villages in S Banner of Inner Mongolia

Through the survey of 3 different grassland migrant villages in S Banner,the author studied the influence of ecological migration policies on migrants,and analyzed livelihood selection and adaptation of migrants in the new environment.Finally,the author put forward corresponding countermeasures,including migration without forbidding grazing,turn to the secondary and tertiary industry,and return to animal husbandry.

Sero-Prevalence of Brucellosis among Nomadic Herdsmen, Abattoir and Livestock Workers in Niger-Delta Region, Nigeria

Brucellosis is a reemerging zoonotic disease that causes more than half a million infections to humans every year. The disease is common in most developing countries, the human mortality rate is about 2%, and the disease causes severe rheumatism, infertility in males, spontaneous abortion and also results in wastage of resources through prolonged treatment. Brucella organisms are also potential biological weapon which could be cheaper to produce but more devastating than chemical weapons. About 5 mililitres of blood was drawn from 228 subjects using sterile vacutainers and analyzed by using standard tube agglutination tests: (SAT3 160) and ELISA (IgG, IgM) kits specific for Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis antibodies. Semi structured questionnaire was administered to collect data. In the study, overall sero prevalence was 70 (30.8%). More male participated in the study with a frequency of 24.6% of whom 7.92% falls within the age group of 20 to 30, followed by 31 - 35 years with 5.72% and 3.52% within 36 - 45 years. Least affected were those in the age groups above 46 years (2.20%). Approximately, 21.54% of the subjects had formal education either at Quranic, primary and secondary or tertiary level. Majority acquired Quranic education (9.68%), 7.48% primary and 0.88% had tertiary training. A total of 21 (9.24%) never acquired any form of education. Headache, muscle aches, malaise, chills and fatigue were the most common clinical signs and symptoms experienced by about 30% among the participants. In the distribution of Brucella antibodies, ELISA diagnostic kits showed high sensitivity with the prevalence rate of 18.04% (n = 41) followed by SAT 12.76% (n = 29). The sensitivity and specificity of RDPT kits were 37 % and 69%, with a positive and negative predictive value of 18% and 86% respectively. Unprocessed milk from the market and consumption of unboiled milk were associated with brucellosis. Therefore, patients with brucellosis should be treated to prevent the devastating effect of the disease and the accompanying sequelae, public health education programs should explain modes of transmission and Brucella febrile diagnostic kit should be used at the health facilities.

Comfortable Housing Projects for Tibetan Farmers and Herdsmen from the Perspective of Poverty Alleviation

Through questionnaire survey and field interview of farmers and herdsmen,this paper studied the comfortable housing projects implemented since 2006 in Namling County of Shigatse City.Taking the comfortable housing projects in Namling County as an example,this paper elaborated the relationship between the poverty alleviation and the comfortable housing projects for farmers and herdsmen and discussed the necessities for implementing comfortable housing projects in the context of the poverty alleviation.There are some problems at the same time of social,economic and ecological benefits of implementing the comfortable housing projects for farmers and herdsmen.Finally,it came up with pertinent recommendations for strengthening and improving the construction of comfortable housing projects in Namling County.

Geospatial Technology Potentials in Reawakening the Consciousness of Soil Distribution in Nigeria’s North-Central Region and Mediating the Herdsmen-Farmers Conflicts

The pervasive herdsmen-farmers conflicts in the north-central region of Nigeria have changed the narrative of Nigeria’s enduring ethnic crises to ideologies, which are in-controvertibly sinister. The consequences of this tension, which has defied possible military responses, political, religious and cultural strategies are potentially devastating, not just for Nigeria, but the whole of West African region. Since the particular nature of these conflicts increasingly highlights the significance and inevitability of land resources for crops farming and cattle rearing, it is imperative to create awareness of the elemental nature of soils, especially their diversities in these conflict-prone areas. This study’s objective was to produce a Geographic Information System (GIS) based digital soil map (DSM) of the north-central region of Nigeria, and to delineate soil distribution and unique properties. Based on this study, the DSM offers a quick access to quantitative soil data covering the study area. It indicates that soil mapping units 15d, 18d and 24b are dominant, and constitute about 40% of the local arable lands. The broad pattern of distribution of these soils reflects both the climatic conditions and the geological structure of the region. The soils are highly weathered with limited capacities to supply essential nutrients needed by crop plants. These issues raise a number of questions, most of which focuses on the best possible way to maximize these soils to accommodate both crop farming and cattle rearing. It is our hope that taking the advantage of GIS to stimulate the knowledge and consciousness of soil distribution in the region will place the weight where it is appropriate in terms of food security through crops production and cattle rearing, and hence forge a more realistic pathway to reconciliation and conflict resolution.

A Brief Analysis of Development of Tibetan Farmers＇ and Herdsmen＇s Economic Cooperatives--A Case Study of Nagqu Area

Through on-the-spot survey and research on the actual situation of agricultural cooperatives and the conditions of production and living of farmers and herdsmen in Nagqu,Tibet,going through a lot of literature,this paper studies and analyzes the development of local cooperative organizations of farmers and herdsmen,understands the actual benefits of cooperative organizations to farmers and herdsmen,aims to increase the income of farmers and herdsmen,and thus puts forward the main problems and measures on agricultural cooperatives in Nagqu area,in order to offer some suggestions for farmers and herdsmen to get rid of poverty through the conclusion of the study.

Family Planning Counseling for Herdsmen

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A Storm of Changes Sweep over Tibetan Farmers and Herdsmen Led by the Qinghai-Tibetan Railway

From the opening traffic of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway,a major restriction on transportation to and from Tibet was finally removed. Such a change has had a massive impact on the economy of the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) as a whole and,in particular,on the rural Tibetans.In other words,the railway became a leading force in the re- structure and advancement of the Tibetan economy.

Modern Herdsmen

The cooperative not only frees herdsmen, but also makes good use of the grassland. Ecology protection and poverty alleviation work hand in hand.

Love Tokens of Tibetan Herdsmen

Tibet is a large,isolated land with a harsh climate.Previously,herdsmen lived in scattered remote areas.Although cultural

Changing Concepts of Farmers and Herdsmen

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“The Loro Piana Cashmere of the Year Award” explores the sustainability of cashmere,herdsmen,and the land

The educational commitment of the Loro Piana Method extends to many areas of China 'The Loro Piana Cashmere of the Year Award' was held on October 23rd,2017 in Beijing.Numerous herdsmen throughout Inner Mongolia and other Chinese areas,including Loro Piana's trusted suppliers,who compete in this contest based on the objective criteria of fineness,length and performance.This year the two breeder couples-Mr.Batunashun and Mrs.

数字乡村建设赋能农牧民增收效应研究:基于西藏县域数据的实证检验

基于2019—2020年西藏65个县域数字乡村指数数据,实证检验了西藏县域数字乡村建设赋能农牧民增收效应。结果表明:(1)数字乡村建设对西藏县域农牧民收入具有正向影响;数字基础设施、乡村经济数字化、乡村治理数字化对西藏县域农牧民收入具有显著正向影响,且乡村经济数字化的影响效应最大,乡村生活数字化对农牧民收入的影响效应不显著。(2)异质性分析结果显示,随着时间的推移,数字乡村指数不断提高,对农牧民增收的促进效应不断提升;非边境县数字乡村建设对西藏农牧民的收入效应显著为正,边境县影响效应不显著;农区县和半农半牧县数字乡村建设对西藏农牧民增收的影响效应具有积极促进作用,且农区县的促进作用更大,而牧区县影响效应不显著。

农牧民乳制品质量安全的风险感知、政府质量监管的信任与购买意向和行为研究

为了促进农村牧区乳制品消费市场的健康发展,本研究依据内蒙古自治区的东部、中部及西部5个盟市的544份农牧户问卷调查结果,在对农牧民乳制品质量安全的风险感知、对乳制品加工企业的信任情况、对乳制品品牌的满意度、对政府监管乳制品市场的信任度及农牧民对乳制品购买意向和行为统计描述分析的基础上,运用结构方程模型验证它们之间的关系。结果表明:农牧民对乳制品质量安全表现出一定的担忧,但对乳制品加工企业的信任情况、乳制品品牌的满意度、政府监管乳制品市场的信任度较高;此外,农牧民对乳制品有比较高的购买意向,且农牧民购买乳制品的种类以保质期较长的奶茶粉、奶粉等为主,购买种类比较单一;农牧民对乳制品质量安全的风险感知、质量水平的信任、政府监管的信任及品牌的信任均通过购买意向在1%水平上显著影响其购买行为。其中,除了风险感知极显著负向影响购买行为外,其余三个因素均正向影响购买行为。基于此,乳制品企业在产品质量的提高方面要不断下功夫,政府要加大对乳制品市场监管的力度,不断提高公信力,加大农牧区乳制品消费的宣传工作,提高农牧民对乳制品消费的信心和认知,引导农牧民对乳制品多样化的消费,以促进乳业在农牧区的可持续发展。

半城镇化:牧区城镇化的新特点

近年来,随着牧区城镇化进程的加快,在新疆牧区形成了“择新地,建新城”与在经济中心边缘“建新区”两条城镇化路径,成为当代牧区社会文化变迁的新路径。调查发现,牧民选择了“以工为主,以农(牧)为辅”的生计策略,充分调动了城乡资源,实现了在城镇的扎根和发展。牧民的社会关系表现出了城乡“互嵌”的特点,一头已经扎入了城镇社会之中,但另一头尚未从牧区社会中“脱嵌”。文章认为,牧民处于并将长期处于“半城镇化”状态,将对牧区推进乡村振兴、推动城乡融合发展和促进各民族交往交流交融产生深远影响。

农牧交错区农牧民城镇化意愿及影响因素差异化研究--基于资源禀赋与主体认知视角

剖析农牧户城镇化意愿影响机制对农牧交错区城镇化高质量发展意义重大。基于资源禀赋与主体认知视角,对兴安盟突泉镇农牧户入户调查并采用二元Logistics模型分析农牧户城镇化意愿及影响因素差异性。研究发现:牧户城镇化意愿远低于农户,影响农牧户城镇化意愿的因素不尽相同,除年龄、政策了解度、人均年收入、宅基地用途等共同因素外,农户城镇化意愿另受地形位指数、人均耕地面积、再就业效益信心显著影响,牧户城镇化意愿另受距河流、镇区与草地距离、基础设施与社会保障满意度、住宅补偿与医疗保障效益信心显著影响。研究农牧户城镇化意愿影响动因并提出城镇化政策建议,可为加快农牧交错区城镇化提供路径参考。

拉萨农牧民网络购物行为特征及民生影响研究

农村电商得到了国家政策上的高度重视和支持,成为改善民生和促进产业发展的重要抓手。网络购物作为农村电商的重要组成部分可以显著改善农牧民的购买现状,满足农牧民个性化、多样化的商品需求,降低生产生活成本、提升生活品质。文章利用拉萨农牧区民生发展调查(TLDR,2021)数据,对农牧民网络购物参与情况从县区、年龄、学历、收入等角度进行差异性分析,并对具体的农牧民网络消费行为特征归纳总结,探讨网络购物对农牧民民生的影响。提出在不断提升农牧民收入水平的前提下,为了平衡城乡数字鸿沟,应该继续大力推进西藏的“电子商务进农村工程”,不断完善农牧区电子商务服务体系,培养农牧民网上购物习惯,促进城乡消费模式一体化发展。

荒漠草原牧户饲草供给特征及其与载畜率的相关分析

基于遥感数据与地面样方调查数据建立草地可食牧草量反演模型,并结合牧户调查数据计算牧户草地可食牧草量、饲草需求量、过度利用量、合理利用量等相关变量,主要分析了荒漠草原牧户全年、暖季和冷季放牧养殖饲草需求、供给与草地利用特征。结果表明:暖季和冷季的天然草地饲草供给都存在不平衡,购买饲草后仍然有饲草缺口。暖季饲草需求量大于冷季,草地过度利用程度达45.17%,合理利用量占需求量的比例为64.38%,过度利用量占需求量的比例为35.62%。冷季牧户总体未发生过度利用,合理利用量占需求量的74.10%,购买饲草占需求量的比例为35.25%。暖季载畜率大于0.99羊单位/hm^(2)的牧户,过度利用草地可能成为主要的饲草供给来源。冷季载畜率大于0.59羊单位/hm^(2)的牧户,虽然有购买饲草,但是仍然存在饲草缺口。总体来看,全年载畜率大于0.43羊单位/hm^(2)的牧户,草地合理利用量与购买饲草量无法满足饲草需求。

草原补奖政策下牧户绿色生产意愿与行为悖离研究——以新疆昭苏县为例

畜牧业是关系国计民生的重要支柱产业,促进畜牧业绿色发展是今后农牧业供给侧结构性改革、农牧业高质量发展、乡村振兴战略的着力点与主攻方向。在新一轮草原补奖政策实施背景下,基于新疆昭苏县277个牧户调查数据,运用Logistic-ISM模型探索影响牧户绿色生产意愿与行为悖离的显著性因素及其层次结构。结果表明:57%的样本牧户绿色生产意愿与行为发生悖离;性别、受教育程度、草场规模、牧业收入、草原补奖政策认知、经济效益认知、技术可获得性、补贴发放及时度及牧业生态基础设施等因素对牧户绿色生产意愿与行为悖离存在显著影响;进一步剖析影响因素间层级结构后发现,性别、受教育程度、草场规模和补贴发放及时度是深层根源因素,牧业收入、技术可获得性是中层间接因素,而草原补奖政策认知、经济效益认知及牧业生态基础设施是表层直接因素。据此提出加强政策宣传与扶持力度;增强牧户绿色生产意识,激发牧户绿色生产的内生动力;强化绿色科技支撑,提供专业技术指导;完善牧业配套设施,改善外源约束性条件等建议,以期促使牧户绿色生产意愿转换为实际行为,实现绿色兴牧、畜牧业绿色高质量发展的目标。