Geotechnical research has been yearning for revolutionary innovations that could bring breakthroughs to conventional practices,especially at a time when energy efficiency and environmental sustainability are of unprec...Geotechnical research has been yearning for revolutionary innovations that could bring breakthroughs to conventional practices,especially at a time when energy efficiency and environmental sustainability are of unprecedented importance in the field.Recently,exciting opportunities emerged utilising microorganisms,the ubiquitous soil dwellers,to provide solutions to many geotechnical problems,prompting the development of the new,multidisciplinary subject of biogeotechnics.Research interest has been centred on the use of microbially induced carbonate precipitation(MICP)to improve the engineering properties of soils.The present work aims to comprehensively review the progress of more than a decade of research on the application of MICP in soil strengthening.Through elucidation of underlying mechanisms,compilation and interpretation of experimental findings,and in-depth discussion on pivotal aspects,with reference made to key published studies,a holistic picture of the state of the art of MICP-based soil strengthening is drawn.Current knowledge gaps are identified,and suggestions for future research are given,along with the opportunities and challenges that lie ahead of practically implementing this technique in real-world geotechnical applications.展开更多
Heterostructured eutectic high-entropy alloys(EHEAs)have attracted significant attention owing to their novel properties,such as balanced combinations of strength and fracture toughness.However,the toughening/strength...Heterostructured eutectic high-entropy alloys(EHEAs)have attracted significant attention owing to their novel properties,such as balanced combinations of strength and fracture toughness.However,the toughening/strengthening mechanisms of these EHEAs have not been thoroughly investigated.In this study,we developed a series of dual-phase Al_((18–2x))Co_(30)Cr_((11+x))Fe_((11+x))Ni_(3)0(x=-1,0,1)eutectic and neareutectic HEAs containing face-centered cubic(FCC)and body-centered cubic(BCC)phases.Despite the high amount of BCC,which is referred to as the brittle phase,newly developed EHEAs exhibited superior fracture toughness.Interestingly,we discovered that a fully eutectic HEA exhibited further improvements in both yield stress and fracture toughness,outperforming our off-eutectic and other previously reported HEAs.By combining experiments and theoretical models,we demonstrated that the synergistic increase in both strength and toughness in our fully eutectic HEA was derived from the high hetero-deformationinduced(HDI)strengthening/toughening associated with a high misorientation angle at the grain/phase boundaries.展开更多
Fe-Cr-Al alloys,owing to their absence of allotropic transformation,require multiple cycles of rolling and recrystallization annealing processes to achieve substantial grain refinement,ultimately leading to the attain...Fe-Cr-Al alloys,owing to their absence of allotropic transformation,require multiple cycles of rolling and recrystallization annealing processes to achieve substantial grain refinement,ultimately leading to the attainment of outstanding mechanical properties.However,the corresponding manufacturing costs will also increase greatly.In this work,we have proposed a new microstructural preparation process.Sim-ply using warm rolling for an ultra-coarse-grained Fe-Cr-Al alloy to introduce lamellar kink bands(KBs)into the matrix,the mechanical properties can be significantly improved.By using electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and combined with Schmid factor(SF)calculation,the formation mechanism of KBs has been revealed.When the slip plane and direction are nearly perpendicular to the loading force direction(LFD)during the continuous grain rotation,the dislo-cation wall will evolve into the KBs boundaries.Simultaneously,a huge orientation separation between the matrix and KBs will be produced.As strain continues to rise,KBs undergo a transformation,tran-sitioning from low-angle-grain boundaries(LAGBs)to high-angle-grain boundaries(HAGBs),occasionally adopting a configuration as coincident site lattice(CSL)boundaries with reduced interface energy.Re-sults of the tensile test,cyclic loading-unloading-reloading tensile test,and the strengthening calculation show that KBs can pronouncedly enhance the strength by their heterogeneous refinement on the original grains and hetero-deformation induced(HDI)strengthening effect from the dislocation density discrep-ancy between the matrix and internal KBs,the grains containing KBs(KBGs)and the grains without KBs(or KBs-free-grains,KFGs).The theoretical calculation value of the strengthening contribution from KBs on yield strength can be up to 225.5 MPa,with a minimum value exceeding 153 MPa.On the other hand,the ductility can be retained to some extent through stimulating the KBs boundary delamination mecha-nism.The present study provides a low-cost and feasible processing method for fabricating Fe-Cr-Al alloy with high strength and good ductility.展开更多
Heterostructured metals and alloys are a new class of materials in which mechanical behaviors between the heterogeneous regions are significantly different,and the mechanical properties of bulk materials are superior ...Heterostructured metals and alloys are a new class of materials in which mechanical behaviors between the heterogeneous regions are significantly different,and the mechanical properties of bulk materials are superior to the superposition of individual regions.In this paper,three distinct types of heterostructures were constructed in Mg-2.77Y(wt.%)alloy by applying simple thermomechanical processing.Namely,Type I:the non-recrystallized grains of several tens of microns were embedded in the micron-scaled recrystallized grains that were distributed along shear bands and dispersed near grain boundaries;Type II:the aggregations of micron-scaled recrystallized grains were surrounded by the non-recrystallized grains;Type II:the micron-scaled recrystallized grains dominated the microstructure,and the non-recrystallized regions with diameters of tens of micrometers were surrounded by those fine recrystallized grains.Mechanical tests showed that the material with type III heterostructure had the optimal combination of yield strength and uniform elongation.This is attributed to its remarkable hetero-deformation induced(HDI)strengthening and dislocation strengthening.At the initial stage of plastic deformation(engineering strain below 4%),the rapid accumulation of geometrically necessary dislocations(GNDs)at the interfaces between recrystallized and non-recrystallized regions and between neighboring recrystallized grains lead to the significant HDI strengthening.As deformation proceeded,the HDI strengthening effect gradually decreased,and the traditional dislocation strengthening that was caused by GNDs accumulation at grain boundaries became significant.In-situ electron back-scattered diffraction(EBSD)testing revealed that the non-basal slip in the non-recrystallized regions became more remarkable in the late stage of deformation,which improved ductility and strain hardening of the alloy.These findings provide new insight into the design of high-performance hexagonal close-packed structural materials by using the concept of HDI strengthening.展开更多
In recent years,a new class of metallic materials featuring heterogeneous structures has emerged.These materials consist of distinct soft and hard domains with significant differences in mechanical properties,allowing...In recent years,a new class of metallic materials featuring heterogeneous structures has emerged.These materials consist of distinct soft and hard domains with significant differences in mechanical properties,allowing them to maintain high strength while offering superior ductility.Magnesium(Mg)alloys,renowned for their low density,high specific strength,exceptional vibration damping,and electromagnetic shielding properties,exhibit tremendous potential as lightweight and functional materials.Despite their advantageous properties,high-strength Mg alloys often suffer from limited ductility.However,the emergence of heterogeneous materials provides a fresh perspective for the development of Mg alloys with both high strength and ductility.This article provided a fundamental overview of heterostructured materials and systematically reviewed the recent research progress in the design of Mg alloys with strength-ductility balance based on heterostructure principles.The review encompassed various aspects,including preparation methods,formation mechanisms of diverse heterostructures,and mechanical properties,both within domestic and international contexts.On this basis,the article discussed the challenges encountered in the design and fabrication of heterostructured Mg alloys,as well as the urgent issues that require attention and resolution in the future.展开更多
【目的】明确多效唑(PP333)与水杨酸(SA)、茉莉酸(JA)、壳聚糖(CTS)和苯并噻二唑(BTH)等药物互作对香蕉苗生长及抗病性的影响,为利用诱抗剂防控香蕉枯萎病(Fusarium wilt of banana)提供参考依据。【方法】以香蕉品种‘宝岛蕉’组培杯...【目的】明确多效唑(PP333)与水杨酸(SA)、茉莉酸(JA)、壳聚糖(CTS)和苯并噻二唑(BTH)等药物互作对香蕉苗生长及抗病性的影响,为利用诱抗剂防控香蕉枯萎病(Fusarium wilt of banana)提供参考依据。【方法】以香蕉品种‘宝岛蕉’组培杯苗为试验材料,叶面喷施PP333(A处理)及4种常用诱抗剂单剂(B、C、D和E处理)和双剂(A+B、A+C、A+D和A+E处理),以喷清水为对照(CK),结合伤根浸菌接种法,比较分析各处理香蕉苗的生长状况、抗枯萎病能力和防御酶活性。【结果】处理后30 d,各药物处理香蕉苗的株高均显著低于CK(P<0.05,下同),茎粗总体上高于CK。其中,双剂处理中以PP333配施BTH的株高最低,较CK显著降低31.84%,以PP333配施JA的茎粗最粗,较CK显著增加20.55%。双剂处理香蕉苗的地上部干物质量均显著低于CK,降幅为2.46%~5.74%,根系干物质量较CK显著提高39.02%~43.90%。各药物处理香蕉苗期的枯萎病病情指数均显著低于CK,其中PP333配施BTH和CTS对香蕉枯萎病的诱抗效果较佳,分别达57.63%和50.85%;双剂处理对诱导香蕉苗体内抗性相关酶活性的效应明显,其中,PP333分别配施BTH和CTS,其苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性较CK分别提高54.59%~101.69%和42.09%~103.50%,多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性分别提高77.29%~228.77%和66.07%~267.65%,过氧化物酶(POD)活性分别提高121.82%~204.16%和54.31%~117.55%,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性分别提高107.45%~263.51%和110.00%~301.07%,CAT活性分别提高141.95%~442.16%和192.68%~304.70%。【结论】PP333与诱抗剂互作可提高香蕉苗防御酶活性,壮苗效果好,对香蕉枯萎病具有良好的诱抗效果。其中,PP333与BTH和CTS配施的诱导效果更佳,具有生产应用前景。展开更多
基金supported by the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(EPSRC)grant(reference number:EP/S02302X/1)for the University of Cambridge Centre for Doctoral Training in Future Infrastructure and Built Environment.
文摘Geotechnical research has been yearning for revolutionary innovations that could bring breakthroughs to conventional practices,especially at a time when energy efficiency and environmental sustainability are of unprecedented importance in the field.Recently,exciting opportunities emerged utilising microorganisms,the ubiquitous soil dwellers,to provide solutions to many geotechnical problems,prompting the development of the new,multidisciplinary subject of biogeotechnics.Research interest has been centred on the use of microbially induced carbonate precipitation(MICP)to improve the engineering properties of soils.The present work aims to comprehensively review the progress of more than a decade of research on the application of MICP in soil strengthening.Through elucidation of underlying mechanisms,compilation and interpretation of experimental findings,and in-depth discussion on pivotal aspects,with reference made to key published studies,a holistic picture of the state of the art of MICP-based soil strengthening is drawn.Current knowledge gaps are identified,and suggestions for future research are given,along with the opportunities and challenges that lie ahead of practically implementing this technique in real-world geotechnical applications.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(No.NRF-2021R1A6A3A0108674211)the Fundamental Research Program of the Korean Institute of Materials Science(No.PNK8730)by Research Grant Council(RGC),Hong Kong Government,through General Research Fund(Nos.CityU11213118,CityU11200719 and CityU11209317).
文摘Heterostructured eutectic high-entropy alloys(EHEAs)have attracted significant attention owing to their novel properties,such as balanced combinations of strength and fracture toughness.However,the toughening/strengthening mechanisms of these EHEAs have not been thoroughly investigated.In this study,we developed a series of dual-phase Al_((18–2x))Co_(30)Cr_((11+x))Fe_((11+x))Ni_(3)0(x=-1,0,1)eutectic and neareutectic HEAs containing face-centered cubic(FCC)and body-centered cubic(BCC)phases.Despite the high amount of BCC,which is referred to as the brittle phase,newly developed EHEAs exhibited superior fracture toughness.Interestingly,we discovered that a fully eutectic HEA exhibited further improvements in both yield stress and fracture toughness,outperforming our off-eutectic and other previously reported HEAs.By combining experiments and theoretical models,we demonstrated that the synergistic increase in both strength and toughness in our fully eutectic HEA was derived from the high hetero-deformationinduced(HDI)strengthening/toughening associated with a high misorientation angle at the grain/phase boundaries.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U1867201)Key Project of Nuclear Safety and Advanced Nuclear Technology(No.2019YFB1901002)“the Project supported by State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy”,Central South University,Changsha,China。
文摘Fe-Cr-Al alloys,owing to their absence of allotropic transformation,require multiple cycles of rolling and recrystallization annealing processes to achieve substantial grain refinement,ultimately leading to the attainment of outstanding mechanical properties.However,the corresponding manufacturing costs will also increase greatly.In this work,we have proposed a new microstructural preparation process.Sim-ply using warm rolling for an ultra-coarse-grained Fe-Cr-Al alloy to introduce lamellar kink bands(KBs)into the matrix,the mechanical properties can be significantly improved.By using electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and combined with Schmid factor(SF)calculation,the formation mechanism of KBs has been revealed.When the slip plane and direction are nearly perpendicular to the loading force direction(LFD)during the continuous grain rotation,the dislo-cation wall will evolve into the KBs boundaries.Simultaneously,a huge orientation separation between the matrix and KBs will be produced.As strain continues to rise,KBs undergo a transformation,tran-sitioning from low-angle-grain boundaries(LAGBs)to high-angle-grain boundaries(HAGBs),occasionally adopting a configuration as coincident site lattice(CSL)boundaries with reduced interface energy.Re-sults of the tensile test,cyclic loading-unloading-reloading tensile test,and the strengthening calculation show that KBs can pronouncedly enhance the strength by their heterogeneous refinement on the original grains and hetero-deformation induced(HDI)strengthening effect from the dislocation density discrep-ancy between the matrix and internal KBs,the grains containing KBs(KBGs)and the grains without KBs(or KBs-free-grains,KFGs).The theoretical calculation value of the strengthening contribution from KBs on yield strength can be up to 225.5 MPa,with a minimum value exceeding 153 MPa.On the other hand,the ductility can be retained to some extent through stimulating the KBs boundary delamination mecha-nism.The present study provides a low-cost and feasible processing method for fabricating Fe-Cr-Al alloy with high strength and good ductility.
基金funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51922026)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.N2002005,N2007011)the 111 Project(No.B20029).
文摘Heterostructured metals and alloys are a new class of materials in which mechanical behaviors between the heterogeneous regions are significantly different,and the mechanical properties of bulk materials are superior to the superposition of individual regions.In this paper,three distinct types of heterostructures were constructed in Mg-2.77Y(wt.%)alloy by applying simple thermomechanical processing.Namely,Type I:the non-recrystallized grains of several tens of microns were embedded in the micron-scaled recrystallized grains that were distributed along shear bands and dispersed near grain boundaries;Type II:the aggregations of micron-scaled recrystallized grains were surrounded by the non-recrystallized grains;Type II:the micron-scaled recrystallized grains dominated the microstructure,and the non-recrystallized regions with diameters of tens of micrometers were surrounded by those fine recrystallized grains.Mechanical tests showed that the material with type III heterostructure had the optimal combination of yield strength and uniform elongation.This is attributed to its remarkable hetero-deformation induced(HDI)strengthening and dislocation strengthening.At the initial stage of plastic deformation(engineering strain below 4%),the rapid accumulation of geometrically necessary dislocations(GNDs)at the interfaces between recrystallized and non-recrystallized regions and between neighboring recrystallized grains lead to the significant HDI strengthening.As deformation proceeded,the HDI strengthening effect gradually decreased,and the traditional dislocation strengthening that was caused by GNDs accumulation at grain boundaries became significant.In-situ electron back-scattered diffraction(EBSD)testing revealed that the non-basal slip in the non-recrystallized regions became more remarkable in the late stage of deformation,which improved ductility and strain hardening of the alloy.These findings provide new insight into the design of high-performance hexagonal close-packed structural materials by using the concept of HDI strengthening.
基金supported by Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(No.202201BE070001-014)Doctoral Scientific Research Foundation of Hubei University of Automotive Technology(No.BK202336)+4 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52071035)Program for Science and Technology Innovation Team in Colleges of Hubei Province(No.T2021012)Outstanding Young Scientific&Technological Innovation Team Plan of Colleges and Universities in Hubei Province(No.T201518 and No.T201811)Major Science and Technology Project of Hubei Province(No.2022AAA001)Key R&D Project of Hubei Province(No.2021BAB019)。
文摘In recent years,a new class of metallic materials featuring heterogeneous structures has emerged.These materials consist of distinct soft and hard domains with significant differences in mechanical properties,allowing them to maintain high strength while offering superior ductility.Magnesium(Mg)alloys,renowned for their low density,high specific strength,exceptional vibration damping,and electromagnetic shielding properties,exhibit tremendous potential as lightweight and functional materials.Despite their advantageous properties,high-strength Mg alloys often suffer from limited ductility.However,the emergence of heterogeneous materials provides a fresh perspective for the development of Mg alloys with both high strength and ductility.This article provided a fundamental overview of heterostructured materials and systematically reviewed the recent research progress in the design of Mg alloys with strength-ductility balance based on heterostructure principles.The review encompassed various aspects,including preparation methods,formation mechanisms of diverse heterostructures,and mechanical properties,both within domestic and international contexts.On this basis,the article discussed the challenges encountered in the design and fabrication of heterostructured Mg alloys,as well as the urgent issues that require attention and resolution in the future.
文摘【目的】明确多效唑(PP333)与水杨酸(SA)、茉莉酸(JA)、壳聚糖(CTS)和苯并噻二唑(BTH)等药物互作对香蕉苗生长及抗病性的影响,为利用诱抗剂防控香蕉枯萎病(Fusarium wilt of banana)提供参考依据。【方法】以香蕉品种‘宝岛蕉’组培杯苗为试验材料,叶面喷施PP333(A处理)及4种常用诱抗剂单剂(B、C、D和E处理)和双剂(A+B、A+C、A+D和A+E处理),以喷清水为对照(CK),结合伤根浸菌接种法,比较分析各处理香蕉苗的生长状况、抗枯萎病能力和防御酶活性。【结果】处理后30 d,各药物处理香蕉苗的株高均显著低于CK(P<0.05,下同),茎粗总体上高于CK。其中,双剂处理中以PP333配施BTH的株高最低,较CK显著降低31.84%,以PP333配施JA的茎粗最粗,较CK显著增加20.55%。双剂处理香蕉苗的地上部干物质量均显著低于CK,降幅为2.46%~5.74%,根系干物质量较CK显著提高39.02%~43.90%。各药物处理香蕉苗期的枯萎病病情指数均显著低于CK,其中PP333配施BTH和CTS对香蕉枯萎病的诱抗效果较佳,分别达57.63%和50.85%;双剂处理对诱导香蕉苗体内抗性相关酶活性的效应明显,其中,PP333分别配施BTH和CTS,其苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性较CK分别提高54.59%~101.69%和42.09%~103.50%,多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性分别提高77.29%~228.77%和66.07%~267.65%,过氧化物酶(POD)活性分别提高121.82%~204.16%和54.31%~117.55%,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性分别提高107.45%~263.51%和110.00%~301.07%,CAT活性分别提高141.95%~442.16%和192.68%~304.70%。【结论】PP333与诱抗剂互作可提高香蕉苗防御酶活性,壮苗效果好,对香蕉枯萎病具有良好的诱抗效果。其中,PP333与BTH和CTS配施的诱导效果更佳,具有生产应用前景。
