A Heterogeneous Information Fusion Method for Maritime Radar and AIS Based on D-S Evidence Theory

Maritime radar and automatic identification systems (AIS), which are essential auxiliary equipment for navigation safety in the shipping industry, have played significant roles in maritime safety supervision. However, in practical applications, the information obtained by a single device is limited, and it is necessary to integrate the information of maritime radar and AIS messages to achieve better recognition effects. In this study, the D-S evidence theory is used to fusion the two kinds of heterogeneous information: maritime radar images and AIS messages. Firstly, the radar image and AIS message are processed to get the targets of interest in the same coordinate system. Then, the coordinate position and heading of targets are chosen as the indicators for judging target similarity. Finally, a piece of D-S evidence theory based on the information fusion method is proposed to match the radar target and the AIS target of the same ship. Particularly, the effectiveness of the proposed method has been validated and evaluated through several experiments, which proves that such a method is practical in maritime safety supervision.

Security-Critical Components Recognition Algorithm for Complex Heterogeneous Information Systems

With the skyrocketing development of technologies,there are many issues in information security quantitative evaluation(ISQE)of complex heterogeneous information systems(CHISs).The development of CHIS calls for an ISQE model based on security-critical components to improve the efficiency of system security evaluation urgently.In this paper,we summarize the implication of critical components in different filed and propose a recognition algorithm of security-critical components based on threat attack tree to support the ISQE process.The evaluation model establishes a framework for ISQE of CHISs that are updated iteratively.Firstly,with the support of asset identification and topology data,we sort the security importance of each asset based on the threat attack tree and obtain the security-critical components(set)of the CHIS.Then,we build the evaluation indicator tree of the evaluation target and propose an ISQE algorithm based on the coefficient of variation to calculate the security quality value of the CHIS.Moreover,we present a novel indicator measurement uncertainty aiming to better supervise the performance of the proposed model.Simulation results show the advantages of the proposed algorithm in the evaluation of CHISs.

Incorporating metapath interaction on heterogeneous information network for social recommendation

Heterogeneous information network(HIN)has recently been widely adopted to describe complex graph structure in recommendation systems,proving its effectiveness in modeling complex graph data.Although existing HIN-based recommendation studies have achieved great success by performing message propagation between connected nodes on the defined metapaths,they have the following major limitations.Existing works mainly convert heterogeneous graphs into homogeneous graphs via defining metapaths,which are not expressive enough to capture more complicated dependency relationships involved on the metapath.Besides,the heterogeneous information is more likely to be provided by item attributes while social relations between users are not adequately considered.To tackle these limitations,we propose a novel social recommendation model MPISR,which models MetaPath Interaction for Social Recommendation on heterogeneous information network.Specifically,our model first learns the initial node representation through a pretraining module,and then identifies potential social friends and item relations based on their similarity to construct a unified HIN.We then develop the two-way encoder module with similarity encoder and instance encoder to capture the similarity collaborative signals and relational dependency on different metapaths.Extensive experiments on five real datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.

Heterogeneous information fusion recognition method based on belief rule structure

To solve the problem that the existing situation awareness research focuses on multi-sensor data fusion,but the expert knowledge is not fully utilized,a heterogeneous informa-tion fusion recognition method based on belief rule structure is proposed.By defining the continuous probabilistic hesitation fuzzy linguistic term sets(CPHFLTS)and establishing CPHFLTS distance measure,the belief rule base of the relationship between feature space and category space is constructed through information integration,and the evidence reasoning of the input samples is carried out.The experimental results show that the proposed method can make full use of sensor data and expert knowledge for recognition.Compared with the other methods,the proposed method has a higher correct recognition rate under different noise levels.

Source-Aware Embedding Training on Heterogeneous Information Networks

Heterogeneous information networks(HINs)have been extensively applied to real-world tasks,such as recommendation systems,social networks,and citation networks.While existing HIN representation learning methods can effectively learn the semantic and structural features in the network,little awareness was given to the distribution discrepancy of subgraphs within a single HIN.However,we find that ignoring such distribution discrepancy among subgraphs from multiple sources would hinder the effectiveness of graph embedding learning algorithms.This motivates us to propose SUMSHINE(Scalable Unsupervised Multi-Source Heterogeneous Information Network Embedding)-a scalable unsupervised framework to align the embedding distributions among multiple sources of an HiN.Experimental results on real-world datasets in a variety of downstream tasks validate the performance of our method over the state-of-the-art heterogeneous information network embedding algorithms.

Reorganizing heterogeneous information from host-microbe interaction reveals innate associations among samples

The information on host-microbe interactions contained in the operational taxonomic unit(OTU)abundance table can serve as a clue to understanding the biological traits of OTUs and samples.Some studies have inferred the taxonomies or functions of OTUs by constructing co-occurrence networks,but co-occurrence networks can only encompass a small fraction of all OTUs due to the high sparsity of the OTU table.There is a lack of studies that intensively explore and use the information on sample-OTU interactions.This study constructed a sample-OTU heterogeneous information network and represented the nodes in the network through the heterogeneous graph embedding method to form the OTU space and sample space.Taking advantage of the represented OTU and sample vectors combined with the original OTU abundance information,an Integrated Model of Embedded Taxonomies and Abundance(IMETA)was proposed for predicting sample attributes,such as phenotypes and individual diet habits.Both the OTU space and sample space contain reasonable biological or medical semantic information,and the IMETA using embedded OTU and sample vectors can have stable and good performance in the sample classification tasks.This suggests that the embedding representation based on the sample-OTU heterogeneous information network can provide more useful information for understanding microbiome samples.This study conducted quantified representations of the biological characteristics within the OTUs and samples,which is a good attempt to increase the utilization rate of information in the OTU abundance table,and it promotes a deeper understanding of the underlying knowledge of human microbiome.

Meta-Path-Based Search and Mining in Heterogeneous Information Networks

Information networks that can be extracted from many domains are widely studied recently. Different functions for mining these networks are proposed and developed, such as ranking, community detection, and link prediction. Most existing network studies are on homogeneous networks, where nodes and links are assumed from one single type. In reality, however, heterogeneous information networks can better model the real-world systems, which are typically semi-structured and typed, following a network schema. In order to mine these heterogeneous information networks directly, we propose to explore the meta structure of the information network, i.e., the network schema. The concepts of meta-paths are proposed to systematically capture numerous semantic relationships across multiple types of objects, which are defined as a path over the graph of network schema. Meta-paths can provide guidance for search and mining of the network and help analyze and understand the semantic meaning of the objects and relations in the network. Under this framework, similarity search and other mining tasks such as relationship prediction and clustering can be addressed by systematic exploration of the network meta structure. Moreover, with user＇s guidance or feedback, we can select the best meta-path or their weighted combination for a specific mining task.

Nonnegative Matrix Tri-Factorization Based Clustering in a Heterogeneous Information Network with Star Network Schema

Heterogeneous Information Networks(HINs)contain multiple types of nodes and edges;therefore,they can preserve the semantic information and structure information.Cluster analysis using an HIN has obvious advantages over a transformation into a homogenous information network,which can promote the clustering results of different types of nodes.In our study,we applied a Nonnegative Matrix Tri-Factorization(NMTF)in a cluster analysis of multiple metapaths in HIN.Unlike the parameter estimation method of the probability distribution in previous studies,NMTF can obtain several dependent latent variables simultaneously,and each latent variable in NMTF is associated with the cluster of the corresponding node in the HIN.The method is suited to co-clustering leveraging multiple metapaths in HIN,because NMTF is employed for multiple nonnegative matrix factorizations simultaneously in our study.Experimental results on the real dataset show that the validity and correctness of our method,and the clustering result are better than that of the existing similar clustering algorithm.

Entity set expansion in knowledge graph:a heterogeneous information network perspective

Entity set expansion(ESE)aims to expand an entity seed set to obtain more entities which have common properties.ESE is important for many applications such as dictionary con-struction and query suggestion.Traditional ESE methods relied heavily on the text and Web information of entities.Recently,some ESE methods employed knowledge graphs(KGs)to extend entities.However,they failed to effectively and fficiently utilize the rich semantics contained in a KG and ignored the text information of entities in Wikipedia.In this paper,we model a KG as a heterogeneous information network(HIN)containing multiple types of objects and relations.Fine-grained multi-type meta paths are proposed to capture the hidden relation among seed entities in a KG and thus to retrieve candidate entities.Then we rank the entities according to the meta path based structural similarity.Furthermore,to utilize the text description of entities in Wikipedia,we propose an extended model CoMeSE++which combines both structural information revealed by a KG and text information in Wikipedia for ESE.Extensive experiments on real-world datasets demonstrate that our model achieves better performance by combining structural and textual information of entities.

Heterogeneous Network Embedding: A Survey

Real-world complex networks are inherently heterogeneous;they have different types of nodes,attributes,and relationships.In recent years,various methods have been proposed to automatically learn how to encode the structural and semantic information contained in heterogeneous information networks(HINs)into low-dimensional embeddings;this task is called heterogeneous network embedding(HNE).Efficient HNE techniques can benefit various HIN-based machine learning tasks such as node classification,recommender systems,and information retrieval.Here,we provide a comprehensive survey of key advancements in the area of HNE.First,we define an encoder-decoder-based HNE model taxonomy.Then,we systematically overview,compare,and summarize various state-of-the-art HNE models and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of various model categories to identify more potentially competitive HNE frameworks.We also summarize the application fields,benchmark datasets,open source tools,andperformance evaluation in theHNEarea.Finally,wediscuss open issues and suggest promising future directions.We anticipate that this survey will provide deep insights into research in the field of HNE.

Heterogeneous Hyperedge Convolutional Network

Graph convolutional networks(GCNs)have been developed as a general and powerful tool to handle various tasks related to graph data.However,current methods mainly consider homogeneous networks and ignore the rich semantics and multiple types of objects that are common in heterogeneous information networks(HINs).In this paper,we present a Heterogeneous Hyperedge Convolutional Network(HHCN),a novel graph convolutional network architecture that operates on HINs.Specifically,we extract the rich semantics by different metastructures and adopt hyperedge to model the interactions among metastructure-based neighbors.Due to the powerful information extraction capabilities of metastructure and hyperedge,HHCN has the flexibility to model the complex relationships in HINs by setting different combinations of metastructures and hyperedges.Moreover,a metastructure attention layer is also designed to allow each node to select the metastructures based on their importance and provide potential interpretability for graph analysis.As a result,HHCN can encode node features,metastructure-based semantics and hyperedge information simultaneously by aggregating features from metastructure-based neighbors in a hierarchical manner.We evaluate HHCN by applying it to the semi-supervised node classification task.Experimental results show that HHCN outperforms state-of-the-art graph embedding models and recently proposed graph convolutional network models.

Meta-Path-Based Deep Representation Learning for Personalized Point of Interest Recommendation

With the wide application of location-based social networks(LBSNs),personalized point of interest(POI)recommendation becomes popular,especially in the commercial field.Unfortunately,it is challenging to accurately recommend POIs to users because the user-POI matrix is extremely sparse.In addition,a user's check-in activities are affected by many influential factors.However,most of existing studies capture only few influential factors.It is hard for them to be extended to incorporate other heterogeneous information in a unified way.To address these problems,we propose a meta-path-based deep representation learning(MPDRL)model for personalized POI recommendation.In this model,we design eight types of meta-paths to fully utilize the rich heterogeneous information in LBSNs for the representations of users and POIs,and deeply mine the correlations between users and POIs.To further improve the recommendation performance,we design an attention-based long short-term memory(LSTM)network to learn the importance of different influential factors on a user's specific check-in activity.To verify the effectiveness of our proposed method,we conduct extensive experiments on a real-world dataset,Foursquare.Experimental results show that the MPDRL model improves at least 16.97%and 23.55%over all comparison methods in terms of the metric Precision@N(Pre@N)and Recall@N(Rec@N)respectively.

Relational Topology-based Heterogeneous Network Embedding for Predicting Drug-Target Interactions

Predicting interactions between drugs and target proteins has become an essential task in the drug discovery process.Although the method of validation via wet-lab experiments has become available,experimental methods for drug-target interaction(DTI)identification remain either time consuming or heavily dependent on domain expertise.Therefore,various computational models have been proposed to predict possible interactions between drugs and target proteins.However,most prediction methods do not consider the topological structures characteristics of the relationship.In this paper,we propose a relational topologybased heterogeneous network embedding method to predict drug-target interactions,abbreviated as RTHNE_DTI.We first construct a heterogeneous information network based on the interaction between different types of nodes,to enhance the ability of association discovery by fully considering the topology of the network.Then drug and target protein nodes can be represented by the other types of nodes.According to the different topological structure of the relationship between the nodes,we divide the relationship in the heterogeneous network into two categories and model them separately.Extensive experiments on the realworld drug datasets,RTHNE_DTI produces high efficiency and outperforms other state-of-the-art methods.RTHNE_DTI can be further used to predict the interaction between unknown interaction drug-target pairs.

SMEC:Scene Mining for E-Commerce

Scene-based recommendation has proven its usefulness in E-commerce,by recommending commodities based on a given scene.However,scenes are typically unknown in advance,which necessitates scene discovery for E-commerce.In this article,we study scene discovery for E-commerce systems.We first formalize a scene as a set of commodity cate-gories that occur simultaneously and frequently in real-world situations,and model an E-commerce platform as a heteroge-neous information network(HIN),whose nodes and links represent different types of objects and different types of rela-tionships between objects,respectively.We then formulate the scene mining problem for E-commerce as an unsupervised learning problem that finds the overlapping clusters of commodity categories in the HIN.To solve the problem,we pro-pose a non-negative matrix factorization based method SMEC(Scene Mining for E-Commerce),and theoretically prove its convergence.Using six real-world E-commerce datasets,we finally conduct an extensive experimental study to evaluate SMEC against 13 other methods,and show that SMEC consistently outperforms its competitors with regard to various evaluation measures.

Attention-Aware Heterogeneous Graph Neural Network

As a powerful tool for elucidating the embedding representation of graph-structured data,Graph Neural Networks(GNNs),which are a series of powerful tools built on homogeneous networks,have been widely used in various data mining tasks.It is a huge challenge to apply a GNN to an embedding Heterogeneous Information Network(HIN).The main reason for this challenge is that HINs contain many different types of nodes and different types of relationships between nodes.HIN contains rich semantic and structural information,which requires a specially designed graph neural network.However,the existing HIN-based graph neural network models rarely consider the interactive information hidden between the meta-paths of HIN in the poor embedding of nodes in the HIN.In this paper,we propose an Attention-aware Heterogeneous graph Neural Network(AHNN)model to effectively extract useful information from HIN and use it to learn the embedding representation of nodes.Specifically,we first use node-level attention to aggregate and update the embedding representation of nodes,and then concatenate the embedding representation of the nodes on different meta-paths.Finally,the semantic-level neural network is proposed to extract the feature interaction relationships on different meta-paths and learn the final embedding of nodes.Experimental results on three widely used datasets showed that the AHNN model could significantly outperform the state-of-the-art models.

An information fusion FMEA method to assess the risk of healthcare waste

Healthcare waste(HCW)management plays a vital role in the development of modern society.In HCW management,failure mode and effects analysis(FMEA)is a popular method to implement risk management for improving the quality of healthcare.However,the shortcomings of the traditional FMEA method have been widely discussed in literatures.This paper proposes an information fusion FMEA method based on 2-tuple linguistic information and interval probability.The 2-tuple linguistic set theory is adopted to change the heterogeneous information into interval numbers.Meanwhile,the interval probability comparison method is applied to analyze failure modes.Finally,a case study is presented to verify the reliability and effectiveness of the proposed method by comparing different FMEA methods.

Energy modeling and data structure framework for Sustainable Human-Building Ecosystems （SHBE）- a review

This paper contributes an inclusive review of scientific studies in the field of sustainable human building ecosystems （SHBEs）. Reducing energy consumption by making buildings more energy efficient has been touted as an easily attainable approach to promoting carbon-neutral energy societies. Yet, despite significant progress in research and technology development, for new buildings, as energy codes are getting more stringent, more and more technologies, e.g., LED lighting, VRF systems, smart plugs, occupancy-based controls, are used. Nevertheless, the adoption of energy efficient measures in buildings is still limited in the larger context of the developing countries and middle income/low-income population. The objective of Sustainable Human Building Ecosystem Research Coordination Network （SHBE-RCN） is to expand synergistic investigative podium in order to subdue barriers in engineering, architectural design, social and economic perspectives that hinder wider application, adoption and subsequent performance of sustainable building solutions by recognizing the essential role of human behaviors within building-scale ecosystems. Expected long-term outcomes of SHBE-RCN are collaborative ideas for transformative technologies, designs and methods of adoption for future design, construction and operation of sustainable buildings.