Determining the spatial distributions of organic-rich mudstones in hydrocarbon-bearing lacustrine basins is crucial for targeting exploration wells and discovering commercially viable petroleum accumulations.However,t...Determining the spatial distributions of organic-rich mudstones in hydrocarbon-bearing lacustrine basins is crucial for targeting exploration wells and discovering commercially viable petroleum accumulations.However,the strong heterogeneity of sedimentary systems and organic matter(OM)input and accumulations make it difficult to identify OM-rich mudstones in lacustrine deposits.This paper takes the Eocene Liushagang Formation,in the Fushan Depression,South China Sea,as an example to clarify the relationship between the geochemical characteristics of OM and sedimentary facies.A practical approach is proposed for predicting the spatial distribution of good-quality source rocks with high OM contents.The method used is a combination of logging-based surface fitting and the mudstone to stratum thickness ratio(M/S ratio)of different depositional systems.It was found that this approach improved TOC content prediction both vertically and laterally.The results suggest that semi-deep lacustrine mudstones with predominantly aquatic organism input,deposited in suboxic-anoxic saline stratified water,contain more preserved OM than other mudstones.Using this method,limited areas on the southern slope of the lower Liushagang sequence(SQls3),the central part of the Huangtong Sag in the middle Liushagang sequence(SQls2),and the northern part of the Huangtong Sag in the upper Liushagang sequence(SQls1)are determined to be the best-quality source rocks in the development area.展开更多
Water-soluble organic matter（WSOM） represents a critical fraction of fine particles（PM2.5）in the air, but its changing behaviors and formation mechanisms are not well understood yet, partly due to the lack of fast...Water-soluble organic matter（WSOM） represents a critical fraction of fine particles（PM2.5）in the air, but its changing behaviors and formation mechanisms are not well understood yet, partly due to the lack of fast techniques for the ambient measurements. In this study,a novel system for the on-line measurement of water-soluble components in PM2.5, the particle-into-liquid sampler（PILS）–Nebulizer–aerosol chemical speciation monitor（ACSM）, was developed by combining a PILS, a nebulizer, and an ACSM. High time resolution concentrations of WSOM, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, and chloride, as well as mass spectra, can be obtained with satisfied quality control results. The system was firstly applied in China for field measurement of WSOM. The mass spectrum of WSOM was found to resemble that of oxygenated organic aerosol, and WSOM agreed well with secondary inorganic ions. All evidence collected in the field campaign demonstrated that WSOM could be a good surrogate of secondary organic aerosol（SOA）. The PILS–Nebulizer–ACSM system can thus be a useful tool for intensive study of WSOM and SOA in PM2.5.展开更多
基金funded by the Hainan Fushan Oilfield Exploration and Development Company (2020-HNYJ-003)
文摘Determining the spatial distributions of organic-rich mudstones in hydrocarbon-bearing lacustrine basins is crucial for targeting exploration wells and discovering commercially viable petroleum accumulations.However,the strong heterogeneity of sedimentary systems and organic matter(OM)input and accumulations make it difficult to identify OM-rich mudstones in lacustrine deposits.This paper takes the Eocene Liushagang Formation,in the Fushan Depression,South China Sea,as an example to clarify the relationship between the geochemical characteristics of OM and sedimentary facies.A practical approach is proposed for predicting the spatial distribution of good-quality source rocks with high OM contents.The method used is a combination of logging-based surface fitting and the mudstone to stratum thickness ratio(M/S ratio)of different depositional systems.It was found that this approach improved TOC content prediction both vertically and laterally.The results suggest that semi-deep lacustrine mudstones with predominantly aquatic organism input,deposited in suboxic-anoxic saline stratified water,contain more preserved OM than other mudstones.Using this method,limited areas on the southern slope of the lower Liushagang sequence(SQls3),the central part of the Huangtong Sag in the middle Liushagang sequence(SQls2),and the northern part of the Huangtong Sag in the upper Liushagang sequence(SQls1)are determined to be the best-quality source rocks in the development area.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U1301234,21277003)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2014BAC21B03)the Science and Technology Plan of Shenzhen Municipality
文摘Water-soluble organic matter（WSOM） represents a critical fraction of fine particles（PM2.5）in the air, but its changing behaviors and formation mechanisms are not well understood yet, partly due to the lack of fast techniques for the ambient measurements. In this study,a novel system for the on-line measurement of water-soluble components in PM2.5, the particle-into-liquid sampler（PILS）–Nebulizer–aerosol chemical speciation monitor（ACSM）, was developed by combining a PILS, a nebulizer, and an ACSM. High time resolution concentrations of WSOM, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, and chloride, as well as mass spectra, can be obtained with satisfied quality control results. The system was firstly applied in China for field measurement of WSOM. The mass spectrum of WSOM was found to resemble that of oxygenated organic aerosol, and WSOM agreed well with secondary inorganic ions. All evidence collected in the field campaign demonstrated that WSOM could be a good surrogate of secondary organic aerosol（SOA）. The PILS–Nebulizer–ACSM system can thus be a useful tool for intensive study of WSOM and SOA in PM2.5.
文摘油松林和辽东栎林是中国暖温带具有代表性的森林植被林型。为揭示油松林和辽东栎林下土壤资源和光资源的空间特征,在东灵山相应植被下各设置一条100 m样线,利用HH 2高精度土壤水分仪(美国生产)沿样线每隔1 m测定土壤水分含量,并分析相应点土壤有机质含量;利用H em iV iew林冠分析系统每隔10 m测定森林的叶面积指数、林冠覆盖度、林冠均匀性、光资源状况;采用半方差方法分析土壤水分和有机质的空间异质性。(1)油松林与辽东栎林的叶面积指数、林冠覆盖度、辐射因子和林下光资源没有显著差异,但油松林林冠均匀性显著小于辽东栎林。(2)辽东栎林的间接辐射因子与林下总辐射呈显著正相关(R2=0.466,p=0.030),而油松林的间接辐射因子与总辐射无显著相关(R2=0.203,p=0.191)。(3)光资源的数量及其组成在油松林和辽东栎林下的变化非常相似,但光资源的组成与林冠特征的关系在两种森林间存在差异。(4)油松林下土壤水分和土壤有机质含量低于辽东栎林,但异质性恰好相反;油松林下这两种因子不具有显著的空间自相关性,而辽东栎林下具有显著的空间自相关性。(5)自然条件下,10 m尺度的林下辐射强弱与土壤水分之间并不存在显著负相关。
