A New Two-Parameter Heteromorphic Elliptic Equation: Properties and Applications

The ellipse and the superellipse are both planar closed curves with a double axis of symmetry. Here we show the isoconcentration contour of the simplified two-dimensional advection-diffusion equation from a stable line source in the center of a wide river. A new two-parameter heteromorphic elliptic equation with a single axis of symmetry is defined. The values of heights, at the point of the maximum width and that of the centroid of the heteromorphic ellipse, are derived through mathematical analysis. Taking the compression coefficient θ = b/a = 1 as the criterion, the shape classification of H-type, Standard-type and W-type for heteromorphic ellipse have been given. The area formula, the perimeter theorem, and the radius of curvature of heteromorphic ellipses, and the geometric properties of the rotating body are subsequently proposed. An illustrative analysis shows that the inner contour curve of a heteromorphic elliptic tunnel has obvious advantages over the multiple- arc splicing cross section. This work demonstrates that the heteromorphic ellipses have extensive prospects of application in all categories of tunnels, liquid transport tanks, aircraft and submarines, bridges, buildings, furniture, and crafts.

Differences in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and water content in heteromorphic leaves of Populus euphratica from Inner Mongolia, China

We studied three typical heteromorphic leaves of Populus euphratica trees growing in the Wuhai region of Inner Mongolia,China,i.e.,lanceolate,broad-ovate and dentate broad-ovate leaves and mainly focused on the changes in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and free water and bound water content.The results show that the values of Fm（maximal fluorescence yield）,Fv/Fm（maximum photochemical quantum yield of PSII） and Fv/F0（potential quantum efficiency of PSII） of lanceolate leaves were the least on young trees,while these parameters were the least on the ovate leaves of old trees.Compared with young trees,the free water content of heteromorphic leaves of old trees increased significantly,i.e.,by 78.94% in lanceolate leaves and in the leaves of broad-ovate and dentate broad-ovate by 10.99% and 10.60%,respectively.Correlation analysis showed that free water content is significantly related to Fv/Fm and Fv/F0 in young trees,while the relationship of total water content with Fv/Fm and Fv/F0 is positive in old trees.

A master-slave generalized predictive synchronization control for preheating process of multi-cavity hot runner system

As a key component of injection molding,multi-cavity hot runner(MCHR)system faces the crucial problem of polymer melt filling imbalance among the cavities.The thermal imbalance in the system has been considered as the leading cause.Hence,the solution may rest with the synchronization of those heating processes in MCHR system.This paper proposes a’Master-Slave’generalized predictive synchronization control(MS-GPSC)method with’Mr.Slowest’strategy for preheating stage of MCHR system.The core of the proposed method is choosing the heating process with slowest dynamics as the’Master’to track the setpoint,while the other heating processes are treated as‘Slaves’tracking the output of’Master’.This proposed method is shown to have the good ability of temperature synchronization.The corresponding analysis is conducted on parameters tuning and stability,simulations and experiments show the strategy is effective.

Differences Between Solitary Cells and Colonial Cells in the Heteromorphic Life Cycle of Phaeocystis globosa: Morphology, Physiology, and Transcriptome

Large-scale blooms of Phaeocystis globosa have caused serious damage to marine ecosystems in coastal waters of China.Phaeocystis blooms depend on the competitive advantage of their heteromorphic life history:colony formation has the benefit of resisting herbivory by zooplankton,and solitary cells can absorb nutrients rapidly.In order to better understand the mechanisms underlying the metabolic differences between the two types of cells,morphological observations,rapid light curve analysis,fatty acid profiling,and transcriptome assessment were conducted in the laboratory.The rapid light curve of colonial cells was higher than that of solitary cells,which indicated that colonial cells had higher CO2 fixation capacity.The fatty acid level of colonial cells was evidently lower than that of solitary cells,which is consistent with down-regulated synthesis of fatty acids and up-regulated degradation of fatty acids in the transcriptome.ATP-binding cassette transporters,the TCA cycle,and biosynthesis of exopolysaccharides(EPS)also displayed obvious differences.In summary,colonial cells have stronger carbon fixation capacity.They do not synthesize fatty acids as energy storage materials but secrete EPS,which might be one of the mechanisms of colony formation.Here we present a physiological and molecular overview of the differences between solitary cells and colonial cells and thereby provide further insight to help unravel the mechanisms that help Phaeocystis globosa adapt to different environments.

胡杨异形叶渗透调节物质及抗氧化酶活性对地下水埋深梯度的响应

以塔里木荒漠区建群种胡杨(Populus euphratica Oliv.)为实验材料,研究3种典型异形叶的渗透调节物质和抗氧化酶活性沿地下水埋深(GWD)梯度的变化规律及适应干旱胁迫的策略。结果显示:(1)随GWD的增加,3种异形叶的相对含水量、叶水势、可溶性蛋白质(SP)含量和过氧化物酶(POD)活性呈降低趋势,水分饱和亏缺、游离脯氨酸(Pro)含量、可溶性糖(SS)含量和丙二醛(MDA)含量呈增加趋势,而超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)始终保持较高活性且较稳定。(2)条形叶Pro、SS含量与GWD呈极显著正相关,卵形叶SS、SP含量与GWD呈显著正相关,锯齿阔卵形叶SS含量与GWD呈极显著正相关。(3)条形叶主要以Pro和SS协同维持细胞渗透势以应对水分胁迫,卵形叶以增强渗透调节能力(SP、Pro、SS)来提高其抗旱性,锯齿阔卵形叶则以SS、Pro维持细胞膨压,并通过POD、SOD清除活性氧(ROS)协同适应干旱的荒漠环境。

Stigma-Specific Comparative Proteomic Analysis Reveals the Distyly Response to Self-Incompatibility in Plumbago auriculata Lam

In plants,heteromorphic self-incompatibility(HetSI)is a strategy for avoiding self-pollination and promoting outcrossing,and during this process,numerous protein-protein interaction events occur between the pistil and pollen.Previous studies in Primula and Fagopyrum that focused on HetSI systems have provided interesting insights;however,the molecular mechanism underlying HetSI remains largely unknown.In this study,we profiled the proteome of Plumbago auriculata stigmas before and after self-incompatible(SI)and self-compatible(SC)pollination.Comparative analyses were conducted by 4D-DIA(Four-dimensional data independent acquisition),a promising technology that increases the sensitivity and reduces the spectral complexity of proteomic analysis by adding a fourth dimension,ion mobility.The results revealed 33387 peptides and 5311 proteins in all samples.The pathways in which the differentially expressed proteins(DEPs)identified in the P×P(Pin style self-pollinated with pin pollen)vs.PS(Pin style)and T×T(Thrum style self-pollinated with thrum pollen)vs.TS(Thrum style)comparisons were significantly enriched were biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and pentose and glucuronate interconversions.In the P×T(Pin style cross-pollinated with thrum pollen)vs.PS and T×P(Thrum style cross-pollinated with pin pollen)vs.TS comparison,the top three pathways were biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,pentose and glucuronate interconversions,and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis.The phenylpropanoid biosynthesis,cutin,suberine and wax biosynthesis,and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways were enriched in the P×T vs.P×P comparison,and starch and sucrose metabolism,glycerophospholipid metabolism,and alpha-linolenic acid metabolism were abundant in the T×T vs.T×P comparison.The enriched pathways between PS and TS were the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,phenylpropanoid biosynthesis,and pentose and glucuronate interconversion.Self-incompatibility protein S1(SI S1),Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3/4(MPK3/4),Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2/3(M2K2/3),Exocyst complex component EXO70A1(E70A1)and Thioredoxin H1/2(TRXH1/2)were found to be HetSI-related candidates,and O-fucosyltransferase 23(OFT23),3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 6(KCS6),Receptor-like protein kinase FERONIA(FERON),Fimbrin-5(FIMB5),Pollen-specific leucine-rich repeat extensin-like protein 4(PLRX4),Transcription initiation factor IIB-2(TF2B2)and Pectinesterase 1(AL11A),etc.,were identified as other regulatory transducers.These findings combined with our morphological and reactive oxygen species(ROS)intensity analyses indicate that P.auriculata has typical dry-stigmas and that the HetSI mechanism might differ between the pin and thrum.SI S1 might be the key factor in HetSI,and ROS are overexpressed during SC pollination to rapidly activate the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)-mediated phosphorylation of E70A1 to maintain stigma receptivity in plants with HetSI.

论汉语异形词语的构成属性

考察一类事物的属性,界定该类事物的性质范围,可以从该类事物的类型构成和生成机制来分析。汉语异形词语是一种类型多样、生成机制复杂的语言文字现象,至今学界对其性质范围的认识颇不一致。看待汉语异形词语的类型应有词语多样性、古今差异性和义项对应性观念。汉语异形词语的生成是汉语历史发展累积的结果,是汉字的性质特点与汉字书写功能之间的矛盾、汉字书写的规约性与多种可能性之间的矛盾、汉字书写的传承性和人们用字的随意性及创造性之间的矛盾共同促成的。因此,汉语异形词语的整理和规范可以帮助和指导人们的书写选择,但不能从根本上消除其存在。

水曹铁路接轨迁曹铁路立交复杂区域桥涵选型与布设

通过实际工程中新建铁路与既有规划铁路、道路、管道立交复杂区域桥涵选型与布设及结构设计的实例,阐述了双单线桥梁错孔布置、异形框构、小跨度梁与框架墩结合等立体交叉形式的适应性及特点;提出了采用中、小跨度结构、异形结构跨越既有结构物的设计思路,为铁路工程及涉铁工程解决立交穿(跨)越问题提供桥跨布置、线桥协同设计参考。

外墙异形曲面PC一体板施工技术

PC一体外墙板是一种新颖幕墙,它集成了结构、保温、隔声、防火、防水、外饰面、内饰面等多种建筑功能,通过前期三维建模和工厂精细化加工制作,达到了设计对外立面大板块、大分格的建筑效果。以九棵树(上海)未来艺术中心项目采用的PC一体板实施为背景,重点介绍了PC一体板的构造、连接点的深化和主体结构优化技术,对关键的技术控制点进行提炼,为其他的类似工程实施提供参考。

Protection of entanglement between two V-atoms in a multi-cavity coupling system

The protection of the entanglement between two V-atoms(EBTVA)in a multi-cavity coupling system is studied.The whole system consists of two V-atoms.The two V-atoms are initially in the maximum entangled state and interacts locally with its own dissipative cavity which is coupled to the external cavities with high quality factor(ECWHQF).The results show that,when there is no ECWHQF,the EBTVA can be protected effectively in the case where the V-atom and the dissipative cavity are weak coupled in large detuning,while when there are different numbers n of ECWHQF coupled to two dissipative cavities,by adjusting the parameters of the number n of ECWHQF and the coupling strength k between cavities,the EBTVA can be protected perfectly and continuously.Our result provides an effective method for protecting entanglement resources of three-level system.

A novel multi-cavity Helmholtz muffler

A novel multi-cavity Helmholtz muffler is proposed. The multi-cavity Helmholtz muffler is composed of steel structures and silicone membranes. With suitable construction, the Helmholtz muffler can be designed to exhibit negative mass density in low frequency, and the muffling frequency can be adjusted when we change the internal structure of the cavity,which will be very attractive for noise control. In this paper, we investigate the influence of the membranes and the cavities on noise reduction characteristics with theoretical calculations and simulations. The results show that the numbers of membranes and the volumes of the cavities can have a great effect on the position of the muffling frequency. The number of cavities can have a great effect on the width of the muffling frequency(reduce the noise by 10 dB). With different combinations of the membranes and cavities, we can get different muffling frequencies, which can meet different muffling demands in practical applications and is more flexible than the traditional Helmholtz cavity.

Selection of the Optimal Cooling Parameters to the Multi-Cavity Die

This study is subject to the finite element and abd uc tive network method application in the multi-cavity die. In order to select the optimal cooling system parameters to minimize the warp of a die-casting die, t he Taguchi’s method and the abductive network are used. These methods are appli ed to create an efficient model with functional nodes for the considered problem . Once the cooling system parameters are developed, this network can be used to predict the warp for the die-casting die accurately. A simulated annealing (SA) optimization algorithm with a performance index is then applied to the neur al network for searching the optimal cooling system parameters, and obtain rathe r satisfactory result as compared with the corresponding finite element veri fication.

一种含异形结构的汽车合装吊具设计与优化

为解决汽车合装吊具采用传统型材导致的自质量大、美观性欠佳及折弯处应力集中等问题,设计了一种以非均匀有理式B样条曲线(Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline,NURBS)为轮廓的异形吊臂结构。对吊臂结构进行用材分析,通过传统型材结构与异型结构的对比,提出一种以异型基本单元为结构主体的定制化设计流程。通过有限元分析软件对吊臂及吊具整体结构进行静力学分析,验证了结构设计的可行性;根据变密度法原理对吊臂结构进行轻量化设计,采用Inspire软件的OptiStruct求解器对其进行拓扑优化,得到3种轻量化结构方案并进行优选。综合考虑可能出现的复杂工况,对连接结构进行二次拓扑优化设计,得到最终结构优化方案,为机械装备的轻量化设计提供参考。

异形热电池研究进展

传统热电池多以圆柱体为主,对于武器装备电源空间的限制很大,不利于满足武器装备小型化的需求。而随型设计是实现武器装备小型化的必要途径,为了提高热电池产品空间利用率,亟需开展异形单体的研究。从异形热电池的实现途径角度出发,从异形单层片冷压技术、薄膜电极技术和绝缘技术层面,对当前国内外的相关研究进行了梳理,并对未来的发展趋势进行了展望。

几种新型异形椭球面方程、几何特征及其应用前景

以异形椭圆和椭圆为基本图形,定义了半长度、半宽度和半高度共3个独立参数,设定了5种新型异形椭球面的构建条件和定义区间。采用解析几何方法,分别构建了Ⅲ~Ⅶ型异形椭球面方程。5种类型异形椭球面的几何特性为:在平行于yOz上的剖面线均为异形椭圆,俯视轮廓投影线为椭圆或异形椭圆,xOz剖面线为椭圆或半异形椭圆或半椭圆。分析表明,Ⅲ、Ⅴ和Ⅶ型异形椭球面均具有双对称平面,Ⅳ和Ⅵ型异形椭球面均具有单对称平面;Ⅵ和Ⅶ型异形椭球面的俯视轮廓线与xOy剖面线重合;Ⅲ~Ⅶ型异形椭球体在俯视轮廓线以上部分的体积占各自总体积60.83%。新型异形椭球面在特殊建设工程、浮体和景观造型等设计中,具有广阔的应用前景。

少花蒺藜草异型性种子人工老化过程中抗氧化生理响应差异

以少花蒺藜草(Cenchrus pauciflorus)异型性种子为实验材料,采用高温高湿人工老化的处理方法,测定了不同老化时间后种子发芽率和抗氧化酶活性。结果表明:随人工老化处理时间增加少花蒺藜草M型种子发芽率呈快速线性下降趋势,处理末期发芽率降至25%,而P型种子发芽率下降趋势平缓。超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性与未老化种子相比降幅达56%、19%和74%,而丙二醛(MDA)含量变化相反,处理期内呈上升趋势。异型性种子间生理响应存在显著差异,M型主要通过调控SOD和POD活性,P型种子主要通过调控CAT活性减少生理损伤,M型MDA含量高于P型。少花蒺藜草种子人工老化过程中,氧化损伤累积,种子逐渐失活,而异型性种子应对老化的生理响应特征差异意味着少花蒺藜草在繁殖输出时,能够在更大范围内适应外界环境变化,一定程度上为其成功入侵多种生境提供了生理基础。

准噶尔荒漠蔷薇猪毛菜的种子异型性与萌发特性

【目的】研究准噶尔荒漠蔷薇猪毛菜的种子异型性与萌发特性,为种子异型性在荒漠条件下的生态适应机制及进化提供理论依据。【方法】蔷薇猪毛菜(Salsola rosacea)为研究对象,依据种子的形状、大小、颜色和着生方式对种子分类并研究不同类型种子的萌发特性,根据植株干重对植株进行等级划分后计算其繁殖分配与种子输出。【结果】蔷薇猪毛菜可产生3种类型种子,A型为绿色具翅种子且萌发率高,B、C型为黄色短翅/无翅种子且存在休眠;A、B型繁殖体繁殖分配比例随植株等级增加而增加,表现出对植株个体大小的依赖,C型则不表现依赖;A型种子输出比例随植株等级的增加而减少,B型种子随等级增加而增加,对植株个体大小表现依赖性,C型种子输出无明显波动。【结论】蔷薇猪毛菜能够产生3种具有不同散布方式和萌发行为的种子,其繁殖分配与种子输出对植株大小产生依赖。

异质生境下黑果枸杞异形果实的种子休眠及萌发特性

黑果枸杞(Lycium ruthenicum)是我国西北干旱区药食同源的国家二级保护植物。在新疆南部自然居群中出现扁形和圆球形果实的两种个体,二者在不同海拔居群出现比例上存在差异。为了了解该物种异形果实的种子在不同海拔居群的萌发特性及其对不同气候类型荒漠环境的响应,对其在不同海拔居群的结籽率和种子质量、休眠、萌发特性及干旱胁迫的响应进行了室内控制性实验的比较研究,以期揭示该物种异形果实对新疆南部不同海拔荒漠环境的响应。结果表明:黑果枸杞扁形果实的结籽率高于圆球形果实;异形果实结籽率随着居群海拔的上升而逐渐降低,种子质量则随海拔的上升而逐渐升高。低海拔居群种子的吸水率比高海拔居群高,扁形果实种子的吸水率高于圆球形果实的种子。高温(20~30℃)、低浓度(0.1 mmol·L^(–1))的赤霉素及全黑暗条件是打破休眠的主要因素。圆球形果实的种子对高浓度30%PEG干旱胁迫的响应能力高于扁形果实的种子;低海拔居群果实的抗旱能力高于高海拔居群。

MRI联合血清AFP-L3和VEGF水平预测TACE术治疗的原发性肝癌患者预后的价值

目的探讨磁共振成像(MRI)联合血清甲胎蛋白异质体3(AFP-L3)和血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)水平预测经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)治疗的原发性肝癌(PLC)患者预后的价值。方法2019年1月~2020年6月我院收治的64例PLC患者,均接受TACE术治疗,随访至2022年6月。术前术后接受MRI检查,采用ELISA法检测血清AFP-L3和VEGF水平,常规检测血常规,计算中性粒细胞计数与淋巴细胞计数比值(NLR)和血小板与淋巴细胞比率(PLR)。应用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析,应用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)评估各指标判断TACE术后死亡的效能。结果在TACE术后3个月,经MRI检查,在64例PLC患者中,发现CR有28例(43.8%),PR有16例(25.0%),SD有12例(18.8%),PD有8例(12.5%)。疾病控制率(DCR)为87.5%;本组2年内死亡30例(46.9%);死亡与生存患者TACE术后近期肿瘤直径、瘤组织坏死、肿瘤边缘呈连续多结节、肿瘤包膜不完整、血清AFP-L3、VEGF、NLR、PLR和DCR方面,存在显著性差异(P<0.05);经多因素Logistic回归分析发现,肿瘤边缘呈连续多结节、肿瘤包膜不完整、血清AFP-L3和VEGFL水平高、NLR和PLR高是TACE术后患者死亡的独立危险因素(P<0.05);在TACE术后,血清AFP-L3水平大于80.9μg/mL、血清VEGF水平大于119.9μmol/L、NLR大于2.3或PLR大于13.9,提示患者预后不良,其灵敏度和特异度分别为69.1%和68.2%,88.2%和68.2%,73.5%和86.4%,和83.8%和77.3%。结论了解TACE术后影响PLC患者死亡的危险因素将有助于制定合理的治疗方案和补充治疗,提高生存率。