Hexachlorobutadiene(HCBD)was classed as a persistent organic pollutant under the Stockholm Convention in 2015.HCBD is mainly an unintentionally produced by-product of chlorinated hydrocarbon(e.g.,trichloroethylene and...Hexachlorobutadiene(HCBD)was classed as a persistent organic pollutant under the Stockholm Convention in 2015.HCBD is mainly an unintentionally produced by-product of chlorinated hydrocarbon(e.g.,trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene)synthesis.Few studies of HCBD formation during chemical production processes have been performed,so HCBD emissions from these potentially important sources are not understood.In this study,HCBD concentrations in raw materials,intermediate products,products,and bottom residues from chemical plants producing chlorobenzene,trichloroethylene,and tetrachloroethylene were determined.The results indicated that HCBD is unintentionally produced at much higher concentrations in trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene plants than chlorobenzene plants.The sum of the HCBD concentrations in the samples from all of the trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene production stages in plant PC was 247000µg/mL,about three orders of magnitude higher than the concentrations in the tetrachloroethylene production samples(plant PB)and about six orders of magnitude higher than the concentrations in the chlorobenzene production samples(plant PA).The HCBD concentrations were highest in bottom residues from all of the plants.The concentrations in the bottom residue samples contributed 24%–99%of the total HCBD formed in the chemical production plants.The bottom residue,being hazardous waste,could be disposed of by incineration.The HCBD concentrations were much higher in intermediate products than raw materials,indicating that HCBD formed during production of the intended chemicals.The results indicate the concentrations of HCBD unintentionally produced in typical chemical plants and will be useful in developing protocols for controlling HCBD emissions to meet the Stockholm Convention requirements.展开更多
目的建立顶空(HS)气相色谱(GC)法测定生活饮用水中11种氯苯类化合物及六氯丁二烯的方法。方法取水样10 m L放入预先加入2.5 g氯化钠的20 m L顶空瓶中,在80℃平衡15 min后顶空进样,选用Rtx-1701(30.00 m×0.25 mm×0.25μm)分离...目的建立顶空(HS)气相色谱(GC)法测定生活饮用水中11种氯苯类化合物及六氯丁二烯的方法。方法取水样10 m L放入预先加入2.5 g氯化钠的20 m L顶空瓶中,在80℃平衡15 min后顶空进样,选用Rtx-1701(30.00 m×0.25 mm×0.25μm)分离,电子捕获检测器测定。结果二氯苯、三氯苯、四氯苯、五氯苯、六氯苯和六氯丁二烯方法线性范围分别为1.00~32.00μg/L、0.20~6.40μg/L、0.05~1.60μg/L、0.02~0.64μg/L、0.02~0.64μg/L和0.01~0.32μg/L。若取10 m L水样,则最低检测质量浓度为0.001 62~0.262 00μg/L。出厂水实际水样加标回收率为80%~119%,相对标准偏差为2.24%~4.99%。结论该方法具有操作简单、快捷、灵敏度高、不使用有机溶剂等特点,适用于同时测定生活饮用水中氯苯类化合物和六氯丁二烯。展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.21936007 and 21906165)the CAS Interdisciplinary Innovation Team(Grant No.JCTD-2019-03)and the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.2016038).
文摘Hexachlorobutadiene(HCBD)was classed as a persistent organic pollutant under the Stockholm Convention in 2015.HCBD is mainly an unintentionally produced by-product of chlorinated hydrocarbon(e.g.,trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene)synthesis.Few studies of HCBD formation during chemical production processes have been performed,so HCBD emissions from these potentially important sources are not understood.In this study,HCBD concentrations in raw materials,intermediate products,products,and bottom residues from chemical plants producing chlorobenzene,trichloroethylene,and tetrachloroethylene were determined.The results indicated that HCBD is unintentionally produced at much higher concentrations in trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene plants than chlorobenzene plants.The sum of the HCBD concentrations in the samples from all of the trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene production stages in plant PC was 247000µg/mL,about three orders of magnitude higher than the concentrations in the tetrachloroethylene production samples(plant PB)and about six orders of magnitude higher than the concentrations in the chlorobenzene production samples(plant PA).The HCBD concentrations were highest in bottom residues from all of the plants.The concentrations in the bottom residue samples contributed 24%–99%of the total HCBD formed in the chemical production plants.The bottom residue,being hazardous waste,could be disposed of by incineration.The HCBD concentrations were much higher in intermediate products than raw materials,indicating that HCBD formed during production of the intended chemicals.The results indicate the concentrations of HCBD unintentionally produced in typical chemical plants and will be useful in developing protocols for controlling HCBD emissions to meet the Stockholm Convention requirements.
文摘目的建立顶空(HS)气相色谱(GC)法测定生活饮用水中11种氯苯类化合物及六氯丁二烯的方法。方法取水样10 m L放入预先加入2.5 g氯化钠的20 m L顶空瓶中,在80℃平衡15 min后顶空进样,选用Rtx-1701(30.00 m×0.25 mm×0.25μm)分离,电子捕获检测器测定。结果二氯苯、三氯苯、四氯苯、五氯苯、六氯苯和六氯丁二烯方法线性范围分别为1.00~32.00μg/L、0.20~6.40μg/L、0.05~1.60μg/L、0.02~0.64μg/L、0.02~0.64μg/L和0.01~0.32μg/L。若取10 m L水样,则最低检测质量浓度为0.001 62~0.262 00μg/L。出厂水实际水样加标回收率为80%~119%,相对标准偏差为2.24%~4.99%。结论该方法具有操作简单、快捷、灵敏度高、不使用有机溶剂等特点,适用于同时测定生活饮用水中氯苯类化合物和六氯丁二烯。
