Non-phosgene synthesis of hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate from thermal decomposition of hexamethylene-1,6-dicarbamate over Zn–Co bimetallic supported ZSM-5 catalyst

A non-phosgene route for the synthesis of hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate(HDI) was developed via catalytic decomposition of hexamethylene-1,6-dicarbamate(HDC) over Zn–Co bi-metallic supported ZSM-5 catalyst.The catalyst was characterized by FTIR and XRD analyses. Three solvents dioctyl sebacate(DOS), dibutyl sebacate(DBS) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate(BMIMBF_4) were investigated and compared; DOS gave better performance. The catalytic performances for thermal decomposition of HDC to HDI using DOS as solvent were then investigated, and the results showed that, under the optimized reaction conditions, i.e.,10 wt%concentration of HDC in DOS, 250 °C temperature, 60 min reaction time, 83.8% yield of HDI had been achieved over Zn–Co/ZSM-5. Decomposition of the intermediate hexamethylene-1-carbamate-6-isocyanate(HMI) over Zn–Co/ZSM-5 in DOS solvent was further studied and the results indicated that yield of HDI from HMI reached to 69.6%(98.6% HDI selectively) at 270 °C, which further increased the yield of the total HDI(HDI_(tol)) to as high as 95.0%. Recycling of catalyst showed that HDI and HMI yield slightly decreased, and by-product yield increased after the catalyst was reused for 4 times. At last possible reaction mechanism was proposed.

An efficient green route for hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate synthesis by thermal decomposition of hexamethylene-1,6-dicarbamate over Co3O4/ZSM-5 catalyst： An indirect utilization of CO2

The utilization of CO2 as raw material for chemical synthesis has the potential for substantial economic and green benefits. Thermal decomposition of hexamethylene-1,6-dicarbamate （HDC） is a promising approach for indirect utilization of CO2 to produce hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate （HDI）. In this work, a green route was developed for the synthesis of HD1 by thermal decomposition of HDC over Co3O4/ZSM-5 catalyst, using chlorobenzene as low boiling point solvent. Different metal oxide supported catalysts were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation （IWI）, PEG-additive （PEG） and deposition precipitation with ammonia evaporation （DP） methods. Their catalytic performances for the thermal decomposition of HDC were tested. The catalyst screening results showed that Co3O4/ZSM-525 catalysts prepared by different methods showed different performances in the order of Co3O4/ZSM-5 25（PEG） 〉 Co3O4/ZSM-525（IWI） 〉 Co3O4/ZSM-525（DP）. The physicochemical properties of Co3O4/ZSM- 52s catalyst were characterized by XRD, FTIR, N2 adsorption-desorption measurements, NH3-TPD and XPS. The superior catalytic performance of Co3O4/ZSM-52S（PEG） catalyst was attributed to its relative surface content of Co3 ＋, surface lattice oxygen content and total acidity. Under the optimized reaction conditions： 6.5% HDC concentration in chlorobenzene, 1 wt% Co3O4/ZSM-525（PEG） catalyst, 250℃ temperature, 2.5 h time, 800 ml.min 1 nitrogen flow rate and 1.0 MPa pressure, the HDC conversion and HDI yield could reach 100% and 92.8% respectively. The Co3O4/ZSM-525（PEG） catalyst could be facilely separated from the reaction mixture, and reused without degradation in catalytic performance. Furthermore, a possible reaction mechanism was proposed based on the physicochemical properties of the Co3O4/ZSM-5 25 catalysts.

The Curing for Modified Vinyl Ester Resin by Hexamethylene Diisocyanate and Its Influence on Performances

The commercial vinyl ester resins(VER)was modified by diphenylmethane diisocyanate(MDI)to enhance its toughness,which is called MVER.Hexamethylene diisocyanate(HDI),a common curing agent for polyurethane(PU),was found to be a reactive agent for MVER and can contribute to the toughness of MVER.Based on present experiment results,the crosslinking mechanism of MVER and HDI system is very similar to that of PU.The FTIR result shows the-NCO of HDI can react with the-OH of MVER.The microstructure of material prepared by MVER and HDI was characterized by NMR,and it was revealed that the unique microstructure leads to the good performances.The different content of HDI has an influence on the microstructure,and the microstructure gradually reduces the toughness and mechanical performances of the MVER cured with increasing concentration of reactive curing agent(HDI).This feature is consistent with a maximum in toughness as a function of the additive(HDI)content,followed by a rapid deterioration in toughness at higher concentrations.The toughness exhibits the maximum at such an HDI concentration(20wt%).Therefore,the special curing agent(HDI)and reactive mode is very important to the microstructure and mechanical properties of material.Furthermore,there should be other reactions which contribute to the curing and microstructure of the material,which needs the further research.

Zn-Co bimetallic supported ZSM-5 catalyst for phosgene-free synthesis of hexamethylene–1,6–diisocyanate by thermal decomposition of hexamethylene–1,6–dicarbamate

A set of mono-and bimetallic（Zn-Co） supported ZSM-5 catalysts was first prepared by PEG-additive method. The physicochemical properties of the catalysts were investigated by FTIR, XPS, XRD, N2adsorption-desorption measurements, SEM, EDS and NH3-TPD techniques. The physicochemical properties showed that the Zn Co2O4 spinel oxide was formed on the ZSM-5 support and provided effectual synergetic effect between Zn and Co species for the bimetallic catalyst. Furthermore, bimetallic supported ZSM-5 catalyst exhibited weak, moderate and strong acidic sites, while the monometallic supported ZSM-5 catalyst showed only weak and moderate or strong acidic sites. Their catalytic performances for thermal decomposition of hexamethylene–1,6–dicarbamate（HDC） to hexamethylene–1,6–diisocyanate（HDI） were then studied. It was found that the bimetallic supported ZSM-5 catalysts,especially Zn-2Co/ZSM-5 catalyst showed excellent catalytic performance due to the good synergetic effect between Co and Zn species, which provided a suitable contribution of acidic sites. HDC conversion of 100% with HDI selectivity of 91.2% and by-products selectivity of 1.3% could be achieved within short reaction time of 2.5 h over Zn-2Co/ZSM-5 catalyst.

六亚甲基二异氰酸酯与丙烯酸羟乙酯反应动力学及热动力学研究

研究了六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)与丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEA)在聚氨酯合成反应中的动力学和热动力学特征。在反应动力学方面,采用甲苯-二正丁胺滴定法获取了反应转化率数据,分别构建了二级动力学模型和Sato动力学模型来拟合实验数据。结果表明:该反应符合Van't Hoff近似规则;低转化率时,二级动力学模型拟合效果较好;而在高转化率时,由于存在自催化作用,Sato动力学模型具有更好的拟合优势;在热动力学方面,使用绝热加速量热仪(ARC)对反应放热进行了表征分析,结果显示该反应的热动力学反应级数为0.8,表观活化能为57.51 kJ/mol。该研究为聚氨酯的安全、高效和绿色合成提供了科学理论依据。

Slightly Cross-Linked Polyrotaxanes Made by Linking α-Cyclodextrins Entrapped in Polyrotaxanes Using Hexamethylene Diisocyanate

In this study polyrotaxane （PR）-based triblock copolymers were first synthesized via the atom transfer radical polymerization （ATRP） of N-isopropylacrylamide initiated with the self-assembly of a distal 2-bromoisobutyryl end-capped Pluronie 17R4 with a varying amount of a-cyclodextrins （a-CDs） in the presence of CuCI/PMDETA at 25 ℃ in aqueous solution. The a-CDs entrapped on the copolymer chain were then linked with hexamethylene diisocyanate to give rise to novel slightly cross-linked polyrotaxanes （SCPRs） in DMF at 45 ℃. The structures of the PR-based triblock copolymers and SCPRs were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C CP/MAS, GPC and TGA analy- ses. The number-average molecular weight of the resulting SCPRs was nearly three and five times of their precursor after linking with a low polydispersity index range of 1.08--1.28. The thermo-responsive transition of both PR-based supramolecular polymers in aqueous solution was demonstrated by turbidity measurements and the self-aggregated morphologies were also evidenced by TEM observations.

六亚甲基二异氰酸酯微胶囊的制备及其在自修复涂料中的应用

目的制备一种基于小尺寸六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)微胶囊的自修复防腐涂料,能够提高涂层的防腐性能并实现涂层划痕缺陷的在线修复。方法通过调整界面聚合法合成HDI微胶囊过程中的乳化剂添加量、搅拌速率和体系pH值,降低微胶囊的平均粒径,并利用囊芯染色试验、红外光谱(FTIR)、热重试验(TG)对微胶囊的结构和热稳定性进行表征。以物理共混的方式将微胶囊掺入到环氧树脂基质中制备自修复防腐涂料,使用万能拉伸机、拉拔测试仪、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)研究微胶囊对涂层基础力学性能和耐腐蚀性能的影响。结合丝束电极(WBE)测试与划痕涂层浸泡腐蚀试验分析复合涂层的内在自修复机理。结果确定了微胶囊制备过程的最佳乳化剂添加量为3%、搅拌速率为600 r/min、体系pH值为3.5,此时的微胶囊呈规则的球状结构,表面致密且具有一定的粗糙度,平均粒径尺寸降低为59μm,成型率达82%。FTIR和囊芯染色试验证明微胶囊由脲醛树脂囊壁和HDI囊芯组成,TG分析显示微胶囊初始分解温度为260℃。随着微胶囊含量的提高,自修复涂层的拉伸断裂强度和附着力有所下降。EIS测试结果表明,含0%、1%、5%和10%微胶囊的自修复涂层经3.5%NaCl溶液浸泡144 h后,涂层电阻(Rc)分别为1.5×10^(8)、2.2×10^(8)、3.7×10^(8)、2.8×10^(8)Ω/cm^(2)。WBE和浸泡腐蚀试验显示,5%微胶囊掺入量的复合涂层具有最佳的划痕自修复性能,32 h浸泡后的涂层愈合效果良好。结论当采用界面聚合法制备的HDI微胶囊均匀分散至涂层内部,可以协同提高涂层的耐腐蚀性能。此外,微胶囊能够在涂层划痕损伤位置主动释放囊芯HDI,与腐蚀溶液反应生成聚氨酯类物质填补涂层的裂纹缺陷,产生局部自愈合效果。

清洁合成1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯

利用1,6-六亚甲基二氨基甲酸正丁酯(HDU-B)热分解反应清洁合成了1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)。通过对HDU-B热分解反应机理的分析和反复实验,自行设计了热分解反应装置,并利用此装置考察了在一定的压力下,反应温度、作为热载体的惰性高沸点溶剂、催化剂等对HDU-B热分解反应的影响。实验结果表明,最佳惰性高沸点溶剂为环烷油,适宜的催化剂有锌、铝和氧化锌及它们之间组合的双组分催化剂。实验还发现,具有弱酸性的Lewis酸金属氧化物和锌对HDU-B热分解反应具有一定的正协同作用。最佳反应条件为:采用锌和氧化锌双组分催化剂,反应温度250℃,真空度0.094MPa,反应时间15min。在此条件下,HDI的收率为81.24%。

木素型聚氨酯的合成与性能研究

利用木素和两种二异氰酸酯合成了聚氨酯 ,对其热性能、力学性能、膨胀性能进行了测试。结果表明 ,羟丙基化改性将木素变为聚酯 -醚多元醇 ,可与二异氰酸酯合成木素聚氨酯 ;异氰酸酯基与羟基配比对用TDI与HDI合成的聚氨酯性能影响不同。

双亲性氧化石墨烯的合成及生物相容性

以六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HMDI)为偶联剂,通过与氧化石墨烯(GO)中的羧基或羟基反应,形成酰胺键或氨基甲酸酯键活化GO,然后与TWEEN 80中的羟基反应,将双亲性TWEEN分子偶联于GO表面,制备了双亲性GO.所制备的TWEEN 80接枝GO在水、氯仿和己烷等溶剂中均可稳定分散.以PC12及HeLa细胞为细胞模型,考察TWEEN 80接枝GO所制薄膜的细胞毒性,形态学观察及细胞活性检测(Calcein AM&EthD-1荧光染色及MTT检测)结果表明其具有良好的生物相容性.

由碳酸二甲酯合成异氰酸酯

异氰酸酯是一种重要的有机中间体,是生产聚氨酯的主要原料。碳酸二甲酯法合成异氰酸酯是采用碳酸二甲酯(DMC)代替光气与胺类发生甲氧羰基化反应合成氨基甲酸酯,氨基甲酸酯再分解生成异氰酸酯的工艺方法。该法具有无毒、无污染、原子经济性高的优点,符合绿色化工的发展趋势,是一条极具发展前景的非光气法合成异氰酸酯的工艺路线。笔者着重介绍了利用碳酸二甲酯为原料合成二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)、2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)等几种重要异氰酸酯的工艺研究与技术进展。

异氰酸酯指数对木素型聚氨酯性能的影响研究

以羟丙基化木素和甲苯二异氰酸酯 (TDI)或六亚甲基二异氰酸酯 (HDI)为原料 ,采用溶液流延法制备了聚氨酯。探讨了异氰酸酯类型和用量对木素型聚氨酯的玻璃化温度、拉伸性能和在溶剂中溶胀性能的影响。结果表明 ,异氰酸酯指数 (R值 )和异氰酸酯类型对聚氨酯性能有较大影响。随着R值的增加 ,TDI系列聚氨酯的玻璃化温度上升比HDI显著 ;HDI系列聚氨酯在二甲基甲酰胺中的溶胀程度随R值的增加而下降 ;R值的变化对拉伸强度影响不明显 ,HDI与羟丙基化木素制得的聚氨酯拉伸强度较TDI基聚氨酯的高。制备的木素型聚氨酯强度较高 。

低沸点溶剂加压催化热解制备六亚甲基-1，6-二异氰酸酯

以低沸点氯苯为溶剂,在加压条件下进行了六亚甲基-1,6-二氨基甲酸甲酯(HDC)液相催化热解制备六亚甲基-1,6-二异氰酸酯(HDI)的研究;通过TG-DTG技术对HDC热解过程进行了分析,筛选了催化剂,优化了工艺条件,并通过原位FTIR技术推测了HDC的催化热解机理。实验结果表明,HDC热解制备HDI分两步完成;优化的反应条件为:采用Co2O3催化剂、反应温度230℃、HDC含量为溶剂质量的2.5%、催化剂用量为HDC质量的5%、N2流量为600 mL/min、反应时间3 h,在此条件下,HDC的转化率可达100%、HDI收率可达83%左右。机理研究推测:Co2O3催化剂是通过进攻HDC的氨基甲酸甲酯基团上的C=O双键,最终使酯基断裂形成异氰酸根基团。

HDI缩二脲多异氰酸酯的合成

The synthetic reaction of HDI biuret polyisocyanate was monitored by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The best reaction process was selected according to the percent age of HDI biuret, and the influence of operation conditions on product was also analysed. The results demonstrated that the method of using steam with hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) monomer is the best process.Reaction temperature is controlled at 120?℃ and reaction time is controlled at about 7 hours.

热可逆自修复聚氨酯弹性体的制备及表征

为探究本征型自修复聚氨酯材料结构与性能的关系,平衡其自修复效率与强度之间的矛盾,采用六亚乙基二异氰酸酯(HDI)三聚体作交联剂,4,4-二氨基二苯二硫醚(AFD)作扩链剂,将可逆双硫键引入聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体中。研究发现:制备的自修复聚氨酯弹性体拉伸强度可达7.7MPa,在60℃,修复时间为24h的条件下,基于拉伸强度的自修复效率高达97.4%;而普通不含有双硫键(只含氢键作用)的弹性体拉伸强度为9.3MPa,在同等条件下的自修复效率为58.0%,表明双硫键的存在使得弹性体自修复效率在原来的基础上提高了67.9%。制备的弹性体具有多次自修复能力,其二次自修复效率为62.3%。

HDI三聚体合成研究

以一种N-羟烷基季铵碱为三聚反应催化剂，合成了以六亚甲基二异氰酸酯（HDI）三聚体为主要成分的多异氰酸酯固化剂。对合成条件进行了探讨。

氨基甲酸酯气相热分解制六亚甲基-1,6-二异氰酸酯

在自行设计组装的六亚甲基二氨基二甲酸甲酯(HDU)气相热分解制六亚甲基-1,6-二异氰酸酯(HDI)的反应装置上,考察了溶剂的稳定性,HDU气相热分解制HDI的工艺条件以及催化剂对HDI收率的影响。结果表明:以邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)为溶剂,碱性Al_2O_3为催化剂,在HDU 1.0 g,DOP50 mL,真空度0.09 MPa,氮气流速100 mL/min,进料速率68 mL/h,反应温度330℃和催化剂用量为HDU质量的30%的条件下,HDI的收率可达93%。

二醋酸纤维素与聚乙二醇接枝共聚物的制备与表征

以1,6-己二异氰酸酯(HD I)作交联剂,聚乙二醇(PEG)与二醋酸纤维素(CDA)接枝得二醋酸纤维素-聚乙二醇接枝共聚物。用正交试验法L27(133)研究了PEG分子量、CDA与PEG的配比、HD I的用量、催化剂的用量和反应时间对接枝反应的影响。接枝反应最佳工艺条件为:PEG分子量200,n[NCO]∶n[OH]=4∶4,m(PEG)∶m(CDA)=5.0∶3.0,催化剂质量分数为0.10%,反应时间为1.5 h。最佳工艺条件下制得的二醋酸纤维素与聚乙二醇接枝共聚物接枝率为253.3%。产物结构经1H NMR、13C NMR、FT-IR测试技术得到确证。

HDI合成工艺研究进展

论述了六亚甲基-1,6-二异氰酸酯(HDI)合成工艺的现状及主要研究方向,并对各种生产工艺的优缺点进行了分析。着重介绍先由碳酸二甲酯(DMC)胺解法合成六亚甲基二氨基二甲酸甲酯(HDU-1),再催化分解HDU-1制备HDI的绿色非光气合成工艺,并展望了HDI清洁生产工艺的前景。

HDI/SiO_2与HMDS/HDI/SiO_2有机无机杂化颗粒的合成与表征

采用高能球磨法(HEBM)对SiO2纳米颗粒进行表面改性,制备六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)/SiO2与六甲基二硅胺烷(HMDS)/HDI/SiO2有机无机杂化颗粒。采用红外光谱(FT-IR)、静态接触角(CA)、滴定法、热分析(TGA)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)以及粒度分布对制备的颗粒进行分析和表征。结果表明:HDI在SiO2颗粒表面的接枝密度随着改性剂与颗粒的质量比的提高相应增大,且HDI在颗粒表面的饱和接枝密度为2.14个/nm2(滴定法)。HDI与HMDS在SiO2颗粒表面成功接枝,并形成了有机包覆层,HDI和HDMS在颗粒表面的接枝密度分别为2.33个/nm2与1.79个/nm2(热分析法)。HMDS/HDI/SiO2改性颗粒具有很强的疏水能力,与水的接触角达143°。改性后的2种杂化颗粒相对于纯的SiO2颗粒,在非极性溶剂中都表现出更为优越的分散性能。