Objective To test possible antioxidant activity of n-hexane extract of Podophyllum hexandrum under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Methods The in vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated by the ability of the extract...Objective To test possible antioxidant activity of n-hexane extract of Podophyllum hexandrum under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Methods The in vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated by the ability of the extract to interact with the stable free radical DPPH, Superoxide （02）, Hydroxyl （OH）, Hydrogen peroxide （H202） radicals, and reducing power ability of the extract was also evaluated. Under in vivo conditions the extract was evaluated for its hepatoprotective activity by measuring different biochemical parameters, such as serum alanine aminotransaminase, serum aspartate aminotransaminase and serum lactate dehydrogenase and antioxidant enzymes. Antioxidant status was estimated by determining the activities of antioxidative enzymes, glutathione reductase （GR）, glutathione peroxidase （GPx）, glutathione-S-transferase （GST） and superoxide dismutase （SOD）, and by determining the levels of reduced glutathione （GSH） and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances （TBARS）. Results Hexane extract of P. hexondrum exhibited good radical scavenging capacity in neutralization of DPPH, O2-, OH, and H202 radicals in a dose dependent manner, n-hexane extract of Podophyllum hexandrum at the doses of 20, 30, and 50 mg/kg-day produced hepatoprotective effect by decreasing the activity of serum marker enzymes, while it significantly increased the levels of glutathione （GSH）, glutathione peroxidase （GPx）, glutathione reductase （GR）, super oxide dismutase （SOD）, and glutathione-S-transferase （GST） in a dose dependant manner. The effect of n-hexane extract was comparable to that of standard antioxidant vitamin E. Conclusion The extract of Podophyllum hexandrum possess free radical scavenging activity under in vitro conditions and could protect the liver tissue against CCI4 induced oxidative stress probably by increasing antioxidant defense activities.展开更多
Podophyllotoxin is isolated mainly from the rhizomes of Podophyllum plants, and serves as the main precursor for synthesis of anticancer drugs, such as VP-16 and VM-26. VP-16 and VM-26 are used for curing lung cancer,...Podophyllotoxin is isolated mainly from the rhizomes of Podophyllum plants, and serves as the main precursor for synthesis of anticancer drugs, such as VP-16 and VM-26. VP-16 and VM-26 are used for curing lung cancer, testicular cancer, neuroblastoma, hepatoma and other tumors. However, these plants are all near-extinction species due to over-collection and their own biological characteristics. The chemical synthesis of podophyllotoxin is so complicated that its price is unbelievably high. This paper discusses the current status of the biosynthetic pathway of podophyllotoxin and that of the podophyllotoxin production using several biotechnological approaches such as plant organ cultures, plant cell cultures with both flasks and bioreactors, hairy root cultures, bioconversions and metabolic regulations.展开更多
Radiation induced reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) are reported to cause lung injuries such as pneumonitis and fibrosis which may be fatal at times. Current study is designed to analyse the radioprotective e...Radiation induced reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) are reported to cause lung injuries such as pneumonitis and fibrosis which may be fatal at times. Current study is designed to analyse the radioprotective efficacy of P. hexandrum active principles (G-002M) on lungs of mice exposed to high dose of gamma irradiation (7 Gy). Cellular profiles and inflammatory cell infiltrates of irradiated bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) have shown correlations with lung pathology. Cell counts were determined in BALF of control, 7 Gy radiation exposed and radiation with G-002M pretreated mice. ROS/Nitric Oxide (NO) production was measured by 2,7?dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) and diaminofluorescein diacetate (DAF-2DA) through microscopy and flow cytometry respectively. Immunostaining of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in BALF cells and lung sections was also observed microscopically. iNOS ex- pression was observed in lungs by western blotting. BALF was also processed to estimate total protein, LDH, and phospholipids content. Catalase, reduced Glutathione (GSH), Glutathione reductase (GR) and lipid peroxidation were estimated in lung tissues. Pre-administration of G-002M significantly decreased radiation mediated neutrophils count in BALF of irradiated mice. ROS generation, iNOS expression, total protein, LDH and phospholipids were found less affected in G-002M pretreated group in comparison to radiation alone group. Radiation exposure to mice was found apparently leading to parenchymal fibrosis, an architectural distortion of the lung tissue with edema, infiltration of inflammatory blood cells with increased immunolabeling of iNOS. G-002M pretreatment significantly countered radiation mediated increased lipid peroxidation and decreased GR, catalase and GSH in mice. Current study demonstrates possible role of P. hexandrum (G-002M) in minimizing lung damage induced by radiation mediated ROS/RNS generation.展开更多
Podophyllum hexandrum Royle is an important medicinal plant that produces podophyllotoxin with anti-cancer properties. In China, it is used as a traditional Chinese medicine. Recent years, unplanned exploiting and col...Podophyllum hexandrum Royle is an important medicinal plant that produces podophyllotoxin with anti-cancer properties. In China, it is used as a traditional Chinese medicine. Recent years, unplanned exploiting and collection have led to the disappearance of this species in China and India. Effective methods such as tissue culture should be adopted to conserve it to abtain a large scale. It was an crucial process for the final success of tissue culture that seedlings with roots and true leaves in flasks were transferred to soil in field. A protocol has been development for in vitro rooting and hardening and en vitro transplant of Podophyllum hexandrum Royle. Roots were efficiently established on WPM media supplemented with IAA 1.5 mg·L-1 and NAA 0.5 mg·L-1. Before transferred to soil containing turfysoil and perlite (2:1), rooted plants were exposed to air for 5d for adaptation. Two periods were good for transplanting this plantlets.展开更多
基金funded by National Medicinal Plants Board,Department of AYUSH,Ministry of Health and Family Welfare,GOI,to Dr MA Zargar Vide Grant No. Z18017-187/PR/GO/JK/04/2005-06/NMPB
文摘Objective To test possible antioxidant activity of n-hexane extract of Podophyllum hexandrum under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Methods The in vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated by the ability of the extract to interact with the stable free radical DPPH, Superoxide （02）, Hydroxyl （OH）, Hydrogen peroxide （H202） radicals, and reducing power ability of the extract was also evaluated. Under in vivo conditions the extract was evaluated for its hepatoprotective activity by measuring different biochemical parameters, such as serum alanine aminotransaminase, serum aspartate aminotransaminase and serum lactate dehydrogenase and antioxidant enzymes. Antioxidant status was estimated by determining the activities of antioxidative enzymes, glutathione reductase （GR）, glutathione peroxidase （GPx）, glutathione-S-transferase （GST） and superoxide dismutase （SOD）, and by determining the levels of reduced glutathione （GSH） and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances （TBARS）. Results Hexane extract of P. hexondrum exhibited good radical scavenging capacity in neutralization of DPPH, O2-, OH, and H202 radicals in a dose dependent manner, n-hexane extract of Podophyllum hexandrum at the doses of 20, 30, and 50 mg/kg-day produced hepatoprotective effect by decreasing the activity of serum marker enzymes, while it significantly increased the levels of glutathione （GSH）, glutathione peroxidase （GPx）, glutathione reductase （GR）, super oxide dismutase （SOD）, and glutathione-S-transferase （GST） in a dose dependant manner. The effect of n-hexane extract was comparable to that of standard antioxidant vitamin E. Conclusion The extract of Podophyllum hexandrum possess free radical scavenging activity under in vitro conditions and could protect the liver tissue against CCI4 induced oxidative stress probably by increasing antioxidant defense activities.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Tibet (Grant No. 2002-66)
文摘Podophyllotoxin is isolated mainly from the rhizomes of Podophyllum plants, and serves as the main precursor for synthesis of anticancer drugs, such as VP-16 and VM-26. VP-16 and VM-26 are used for curing lung cancer, testicular cancer, neuroblastoma, hepatoma and other tumors. However, these plants are all near-extinction species due to over-collection and their own biological characteristics. The chemical synthesis of podophyllotoxin is so complicated that its price is unbelievably high. This paper discusses the current status of the biosynthetic pathway of podophyllotoxin and that of the podophyllotoxin production using several biotechnological approaches such as plant organ cultures, plant cell cultures with both flasks and bioreactors, hairy root cultures, bioconversions and metabolic regulations.
文摘Radiation induced reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) are reported to cause lung injuries such as pneumonitis and fibrosis which may be fatal at times. Current study is designed to analyse the radioprotective efficacy of P. hexandrum active principles (G-002M) on lungs of mice exposed to high dose of gamma irradiation (7 Gy). Cellular profiles and inflammatory cell infiltrates of irradiated bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) have shown correlations with lung pathology. Cell counts were determined in BALF of control, 7 Gy radiation exposed and radiation with G-002M pretreated mice. ROS/Nitric Oxide (NO) production was measured by 2,7?dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) and diaminofluorescein diacetate (DAF-2DA) through microscopy and flow cytometry respectively. Immunostaining of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in BALF cells and lung sections was also observed microscopically. iNOS ex- pression was observed in lungs by western blotting. BALF was also processed to estimate total protein, LDH, and phospholipids content. Catalase, reduced Glutathione (GSH), Glutathione reductase (GR) and lipid peroxidation were estimated in lung tissues. Pre-administration of G-002M significantly decreased radiation mediated neutrophils count in BALF of irradiated mice. ROS generation, iNOS expression, total protein, LDH and phospholipids were found less affected in G-002M pretreated group in comparison to radiation alone group. Radiation exposure to mice was found apparently leading to parenchymal fibrosis, an architectural distortion of the lung tissue with edema, infiltration of inflammatory blood cells with increased immunolabeling of iNOS. G-002M pretreatment significantly countered radiation mediated increased lipid peroxidation and decreased GR, catalase and GSH in mice. Current study demonstrates possible role of P. hexandrum (G-002M) in minimizing lung damage induced by radiation mediated ROS/RNS generation.
文摘Podophyllum hexandrum Royle is an important medicinal plant that produces podophyllotoxin with anti-cancer properties. In China, it is used as a traditional Chinese medicine. Recent years, unplanned exploiting and collection have led to the disappearance of this species in China and India. Effective methods such as tissue culture should be adopted to conserve it to abtain a large scale. It was an crucial process for the final success of tissue culture that seedlings with roots and true leaves in flasks were transferred to soil in field. A protocol has been development for in vitro rooting and hardening and en vitro transplant of Podophyllum hexandrum Royle. Roots were efficiently established on WPM media supplemented with IAA 1.5 mg·L-1 and NAA 0.5 mg·L-1. Before transferred to soil containing turfysoil and perlite (2:1), rooted plants were exposed to air for 5d for adaptation. Two periods were good for transplanting this plantlets.
