Preparation of hierarchical mesoporous Zn/HZSM-5 catalyst and its application in MTG reaction

The hierarchical mesoporous Zn/ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst was prepared by NaOH treatment and Zn impregnation, and its application in the conversion of methanol to gasoline （MTG） was studied. N2 adsorption-desorption results showed that the mesopores with sizes of 2-20 nm in HZ5/0.3AT was formed by 0.3 M NaOH alkali treatment. The zeolite samples after modification were also characterized by XRF, AAS, XRD, SEM and NH3-TPD methods. Zn impregnated catalyst Zn/HZ5/0.3AT exhibited dramatic improvements in catalytic lifetime and liquid hydrocarbons yield. The selectivity of aromatic hydrocarbons was also improved after Zn impregnation. It is suggested that the mesopores of Zn/HZ5/0.3AT enhanced the synergetic effect of Zn species and acid sites and the capability to coke tolerance, which were confirmed by the results of catalytic test and TGA analysis, respectively.

Effect of particle size of single-crystalline hierarchical ZSM-5 on its surface mass transfer in n-heptane catalytic cracking

Single-crystalline hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolites with different particle sizes(namely 100,140,and 200 nm)were successfully prepared by adjusting the amount of tetrapropylammonium hydroxide(TPAOH),and investigated in n-heptane catalytic cracking reaction.Diffusional measurements by zero-length column(ZLC)method showed that the apparent diffusivities of n-heptane decreased with the reduction of particle size,indicating the existence of surface barriers.Moreover,with the decrease of particle size,the additional diffusion path length increased,which meant the influence of surface barriers became more apparent.Despite the change of surface barriers,the intracrystalline diffusion still dominated the overall diffusion.Catalytic performance showed that the zeolite with smaller particle size had better stability.

Oxidation of benzene to phenol with N_(2)O over a hierarchical Fe/ZSM-5 catalyst

Catalytic oxidation of benzene with N_(2)O to phenol over the hierarchical and microporous Fe/ZSM-5-based catalysts in a continuous fixedbed reactor was investigated.The spent catalyst was in-situ regenerated by an oxidative treatment using N_(2)O and in total 10 reaction-regeneration cycles were performed.A 100% N_(2)O conversion,93.3% phenol selectivity,and high initial phenol formation rate of 16.49±0.06mmol_(phenol gcatalyst)^(-1)h^(-1)at time on stream(TOS) of 5 min,and a good phenol productivity of 147.06 mmol_(phenol gcatalyst)^(-1)during catalyst lifetime of 1800 min were obtained on a fresh hierarchical Fe/ZSM-5-Hi2.8 catalyst.With the reaction-regeneration cycle,N_(2)O conversion is fully recovered within TOS of 3 h,moreover,the phenol productivity was decreased ca.2.2±0.8% after each cycle,leading to a total phenol productivity of ca.0.44 ton_(pheol kg_(catalyst)^(-1)estimated for 300 cycles.Catalyst characterizations imply that the coke is rapidly deposited on catalyst surface in the initial TOS of 3 h(0.28 mgc_(gcatalyst)^(-1)min^(-1)) and gradually becomes graphitic during the TOS of 30 h with a slow formation rate of 0.06 mgc g_(catalyst)^(-1)min^(-1).Among others(e.g.,the decrease of textural property and acidity),the nearly complete coverage of the active Fe-O-Al sites by coke accounts for the main catalyst deactivation.Besides these reversible deactivation characteristics related to coking,the irreversible catalyst deactivation is also observed with the reaction-regeneration cycle.The latter is reflected by a further decreased amount of the active Fe-O-Al sites,which agglomerate on catalyst surface with the cycle,likely associated with the hard coke residue that is not completely removed by the regeneration.

Benzene alkylation with methanol over phosphate modified hierarchical porous ZSM-5 with tailored acidity

The acidity and acid distribution of hierarchical porous ZSM-5 were tailored via phosphate modification. The catalytic results showed that both benzene conversion and selectivity of toluene and xylene increased with the presence of appropriate amount of phosphorus. Meanwhile, side reactions such as methanol to olefins related with the formation of by-product ethylbenzene formation and isomerization of xylene to meta-xylene were suppressed efficiently. The acid strength and sites amount of Br?nsted acid of the catalyst were crucial for improving benzene conversion and yield of xylene, whereas passivation of external surface acid sites played an important role in breaking thermodynamic equilibrium distribution of xylene isomers.

Preparation of Hierarchically Trimodal-Porous ZSM-5 Composites through Steam-assisted Conversion of Macroporous Aluminosilica Gel with Two Different Quaternary Ammonium Hydroxides

This article presents a detailed structural study of a new spherical Mg Cl2-supported Ti Cl4 Ziegler-Natta catalyst for isotactic propylene polymerization, and researches on the relationship between catalyst structure and polymer properties. The spherical support with the chemical composition of CH3CH2 OMg OCH(CH2Cl)2 has been synthesized from a new dispersion system and is used as the supporting material to prepare Ziegler-Natta catalyst. The XRD analysis indicates that the catalyst is fully activated with δ-Mg Cl2 in the active catalyst. The far-IR spectrometric results confirm again the presence of δ-Mg Cl2 in the active catalyst. Textural property of the active catalyst exhibits high surface area coupled with high porosity. The high activity in propylene polymerization is mainly ascribed to the full activation and the porous structure of the catalyst. Scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectrometer mapping results indicate a uniform titanium distribution throughout the catalyst particles. Particle size analysis shows that the catalyst has a narrow particle size distribution. The perfect spherical shape, uniform titanium distribution and narrow particle size distribution of the catalyst confirm the advantage of polymer particles production with less fines. The solid state 13 C NMR and mid-IR spectroscopic analyses indicate that there exists strong complexation between diisobutyl phthalate and Mg Cl2, which leads to the high isotacticity of polypropylene.

Production of gasoline range hydrocarbons from methanol on hierarchical ZSM-5 and Zn/ZSM-5 catalyst prepared with soft second template

Nano hierarchical mesoporous ZSM-5 catalysts were prepared with cationic dimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride acrylamide copolymer（PDDA） as a soft second template. Using ZSM-5 catalyst as a matrix,Zn/ZSM-5 catalysts were also obtained by the wet impregnation method. The effect of the PDDA amount and Zn loadings on the properties of the catalysts,including crystallinity,morphology,textural properties,acid nature and catalytic activity in MTG reaction,was investigated by XRD,FESEM,TEM,Nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms and NH3-TPD method,respectively. The MTG reaction was performed in a fixed bed reactor,and the result revealed that the nano hierarchical ZSM-5 catalyst prepared with a PDDA/Si molar ratio of 0.070 possesses longer stable phase of 70 h with a liquid hydrocarbon selectivity of 29.8%.Zn/ZSM-5 catalyst with a Zn/ZSM-5 ratio of 0.07 wt.% shows the highest liquid hydrocarbon selectivity,reaching 62.5%.

Bimetallic PtSn nanoparticles confined in hierarchical ZSM-5 for propane dehydrogenation

A series of PtSn/hierarchical ZSM-5 catalysts were developed for propane dehydrogenation,in which the PtSn bimetallic particles are confined in the mesopores of hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite.The synthesis of PtSn/hierarchical ZSM-5 catalysts was achieved via the loading of Pt and Sn species onto the hierarchical ZSM-5 catalysts that are obtained through a desilication of conventional ZSM-5.The PtSn/hierarchical ZSM-5 catalysts were fully characterized by XRD,N_(2) adsorption,STEM,XPS,and CO-IR techniques,which reveals that highly dispersed PtSn bimetallic nanoparticles are enclosed into mesopores of hierarchical ZSM-5.The catalytic performance of PtSn/hierarchical ZSM-5 is greatly affected by the concentrations of alkali solution in the desilication process and Sn/Pt ratios in PtSn bimetallic particles.The PtSn1.00/ZSM-5(0.8)catalyst shows the highest efficiency in propane dehydrogenation,which gives an initial conversion of 46%and selectivity of 98%at 570℃.The high efficiency in these PtSn/hierarchical ZSM-5 catalysts for propane dehydrogenation is mainly ascribed to the confinement of PtSn particles in the mesopores of hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite.

Mesoporous ZSM-5 Crystals Synthesized by a Novel Amphiphilic Organosilane Soft Template

Hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite was hydrothermally synthesized by a novel silicone quaternary ammonium salt surfactant as a mesopore director.The crystallinity and the morphology of sample were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),field-emission scanning electron microscope(FE-SEM),and transmission electronic microscope(TEM).Results indicated that the prepared ZSM-5 zeolites had good crystallinity,ellipsoid structure morphology and rough surface.Moreover,the pore size was enlarged to about 4 nm measured by nitrogen sorption,which indicated positive function of the synthesized template.

Construction of monodispersed single-crystalline hierarchical ZSM-5 nanosheets via anisotropic etching

Hierarchical zeolites and single-crystalline zeolite nanosheets(NSs)have been recognized as two separate types of targeting porous materials to overcome the diffusion limitations of traditional bulk zeolites.The synthesis of uniform single-crystalline hierarchical zeolite NSs featured with NS morphology and interconnected mesoporosity,remains rarely reported.In this work,we prepared ZSM-5 zeolites with the above microstructural features via simple alkaline etching.Moreover,both their microstructure and acid strength could be accurately tuned with this approach,resulting in not only higher conversion rate and BTX selectivity but also superior anti-coking performance in the subsequent methanol aromatization reaction.

Preparation of Mesoporous ZSM-5 Zeolite under Double Ester Base Long Carbon Chains Organosilane Quaternary Ammonium Salt Template Agent

The pore sizes of traditional zeolites are in the range of0. 3-1. 5 nm,which strongly hinder the diffusion of large reactant and product molecules within the zeolite pores. To compensate for it,we tried to create mesopores in traditional microporous zeolites and retain all advantages of microporous zeolites. Mesoporous Zeolite Socony Mobile-Five( ZSM-5) zeolite was synthesized by a new double ester base long carbon chains organosilane quaternary ammonium salt as the soft template agent in hydrothermal method.The structure of the acquired zeolite crystals was confirmed by fieldemission scanning electron microscopy( FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy( TEM), nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurements and X-ray diffraction( XRD),which indicated that their structure had the same characteristics as traditional ZSM-5 zeolites. Compared with traditional ZSM-5 zeolite,there were 4 nm and 15 nm mesopores in the crystal. The prepared hierarchical porous ZSM-5 zeolite was expected to be effective catalytic materials for chemical reactions involving large molecules.

Preparation of hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite and its application in synthesis of tributyl citrate

First,the hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite was prepared by hydrothermal method using mesoporous template cetyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB).The physical and chemical properties of the hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR)and N2 adsorption-desorption and Scanning electron microscope(SEM).Then,the as-prepared hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite and ion exchange resin were used as catalysts to evaluate the reaction performance of the synthesis of tributyl citrate.Compared with the ion exchange resin,the as-prepared ZSM-5 has a microporous and mesoporous composite structure and a large specific surface area,so that significantly improving the catalytic performance of synthesizing tributyl citrate and increasing the esterification rate of the reaction 8.7%.

Fabrication of a nano-sized ZSM-5 zeolite with intercrystalline mesopores for conversion of methanol to gasoline

Carbon deposition during methanol to hydrocarbons leads to the quick deactivation of ZSM-5 catalyst and it is one of the major problems for this technology. Decreasing the crystal size or introducing mesopores into ZSM-5 zeolites can improve its diffusion property and decrease the coke formation. In this paper, nano-sized ZSM-5 zeolite with intercrystalline mesopores combining the mesoporous and nano sized structure was fabricated. For comparison, the mesoporous ZSM-5 and nano-sized ZSM-5 were also prepared. These catalyst samples were characterized by XRD, BET, NH3-TPD, TEM, Py-IR and TG techniques and used on the conversion of methanol to gasoline in a fixed-bed reactor at T=405 degrees C, WHSV =4.74 h(-1) and P=1.0 MPa. It was found that the external surface area of the nano-sized ZSM-5 zeolite with intercrystalline mesopores reached 104 m(2)/g, larger than that of mesoporous ZSM-5 (66 m(2)/g) and nano sized ZSM-5 (76 m(2)/g). Catalytic lifetime of the nano-sized ZSM-5 zeolite with intercrystalline mesopores was 93 h, which was only longer than that of mesoporous ZSM-5 (86 h), but shorter than that of nano sized ZSM-5 (104 h). Strong acidity promoted the coke formation and thus decreased the catalytic lifetime of the nano-sized ZSM-5 zeolite with intercrystalline mesopores though it presented large external surface that could improve the diffusion property. The special zeolite catalyst was further dealuminated to decrease the strong acidity. After this, its coke formation rate was slowed and catalytic lifetime was prolonged to 106 h because of the large external surface area and decreased weak acidity. This special structural zeolite is a potential catalyst for methanol to gasoline reaction. (C) 2016 Science Press and Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. and Science Press. All rights reserved.

Facile One-Pot Synthesis of ZSM-5 Aggregates with Interand Intra-Crystalline Mesopores for Methanol to Gasoline Conversion

ZSM-5 aggregates consisting of superfine and hierarchical nanocrystals(combined with micropores and intra-crystalline mesopores) with an average size of 30 nm were prepared through one-pot synthesis with the assistance of anionic polyacrylamide(APAM). The resultant zeolites(AHN-ZSM-5) were characterized by XRD, ICP-OES, SEM, TEM, BET, NH_3-TPD, Py-IR, and TG analyses and evaluated in the methanol to gasoline(MTG) reaction. Characterization results show that the hierarchical ZSM-5 aggregates possessed two kinds of mesopores, namely inter-and intra-crystalline mesopores. The amount of APAM considerably influenced the mesoporosity and textural properties of AHN-ZSM-5 zeolites. With the addition of APAM in the synthesis, the AHN-ZSM-5 zeolites exhibited large mesopore volume, large external surface area, and appropriate acidity. When applied in the MTG reaction, AHN-ZSM-5 demonstrated a catalytic lifetime that was 1.6 times longer than that of conventional ZSM-5 synthesized in the absence of APAM.

饱和ATP为原料合成多级孔ZSM-5沸石分子筛的制备与表征

研究以饱和ATP吸附材料为合成沸石分子筛的硅源,采用双模板法,用四丙基氢氧化铵(TPAOH)为微孔模板剂和十六烷基三甲基溴化烷(CTAB)为介孔模板剂直接合成多级孔ZSM-5沸石分子筛,通过XRD、SEM、比表面积及孔径分析仪进行N2吸附-脱附等手段对多级孔ZSM-5沸石分子筛表征测试分析。结果表明,饱和ATP吸附材料在180℃下,水热提纯12 h获得硅源,再加入TPAOH和CTAB进行初始凝胶反应,后移入水热反应釜中,控温180℃,水热晶化反应15 h,即得多级孔ZSM-5沸石分子筛。

多级孔ZSM-5沸石分子筛的制备研究进展

多级孔ZSM-5沸石分子筛不仅具有良好的催化择形性能,同时对大分子反应具有较好的扩散性能,因此多级孔ZSM-5沸石分子筛的合成受到人们的广泛关注。综述了近年来合成多级孔ZSM-5沸石分子筛的各种方法,重点从后处理法、模板剂法、介孔孔壁晶化法和前驱物自组装等方法出发,详细介绍了多级孔ZSM-5沸石分子筛的合成进展。通过对比不同的制备方法,分析了各种方法及合成材料的优势以及目前所存在的主要问题,以期找到一种制备多级孔ZSM-5沸石分子筛的较优的方法应用到实际的石油催化领域。

多级孔ZSM-5分子筛的合成及其在甲醇脱水制二甲醚反应中的应用(英文)

以四丙基氨为微孔模版剂, 阳离子高分子聚合物为介孔模版剂, 合成了具有多级介孔的ZSM-5分子筛, 并用于甲醇气相脱水合成二甲醚. 结果表明, 加入阳离子高分子聚合物后, 合成的HZSM-5分子筛样品既保持了其MFI典型结构, 又呈现了多级介孔特征; 随着阳离子高分子聚合物模板剂加入量的增加, 其多级介孔特征更为明显. 具有多级介孔的HZSM-5分子筛表现出比常规微孔HZSM-5分子筛高的反应稳定性和二甲醚选择性, 这主要是由于其织构和酸性的双重作用.

含介孔结构ZSM-5沸石分子筛的制备及其催化应用

先以硅烷偶联剂3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES)为软模板剂,用软模板法制备含介孔结构的ZSM-5沸石分子筛;然后用Fourier变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、N2吸附脱附及透射电镜(TEM)等方法对制备的样品进行表征,考察APTES添加量对合成样品孔结构的影响;最后用模型反应苯酚分析其酸催化性能.

Hierarchically Macroporous Zeolite ZSM-5 Microspheres for Efficient Catalysis

Hollow zeolite microspheres have recently attracted much attention for their applications in catalysis,microreactors and biomedicine.Herein,we present hierarchically structured zeolite ZSM-5 microspheres with unique,abundant macropores that allow more efficient use for catalysis.The hierarchically macroporous zeolite ZSM-5 microspheres are synthesized under the assistance of water/oil emulsions and using polystyrene nanospheres as templates.The zeolite microsphere is assembled by uniform hollow zeolite nanospheres.Their large inner cavities and thin zeolite shells lead to smaller diffusion channel and higher improved accessibility to active sites,contributing to high catalytic performance in the catalytic conversion of benzyl alcohol in mesitylene.Such novel zeolite microspheres with impressive performance will be applied to numerous other industrial catalytic reactions.

碱酸联合处理H-ZSM-5沸石多级孔改性

采用水热合成和离子交换法制备H-ZSM-5沸石。以硅铝比为47的H-ZSM-5沸石为介孔改性原料,用水热碱预刻蚀—碱溶滤—酸洗处理法制备微孔-介孔材料。采用XRD、N2吸附-脱附、FTIR、SEM、TEM等技术,考察逐级碱酸处理过程和水热碱预刻蚀温度对改性沸石介孔形成、介孔尺度分布和织构性质的影响。实验结果表明,碱酸改性沸石具有较高的比表面积、介孔率和微孔-介孔结构性质,同时较好地保留了H-ZSM-5沸石的骨架结构。升高水热碱预刻蚀温度导致改性沸石的微孔体积、比表面积、相对结晶度和收率逐渐下降,总比表面积增幅由38%降至34%,附加介孔体积与总孔体积的比保持在70%以上。水热碱预刻蚀温度为358 K的HZ-2试样的介孔比表面积和介孔体积最大,分别为209.8 m2/g和0.295 cm3/g,微孔与介孔的体积之和可达0.364 cm3/g。

硅烷偶联剂与介孔模板剂作用下合成多级孔结构ZSM-5分子筛

在传统ZSM-5分子筛合成体系中,添加硅烷偶联剂氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES)和介孔模板剂聚丙烯酸-十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(PAA-CTAB),得到多级孔结构ZSM-5分子筛。采用XRD、SEM、TEM和N2吸附-脱附等分析手段,考察了合成的ZSM-5分子筛的结构、形貌和孔结构性质。结果表明,添加APTES硅烷偶联剂可以得到具有球形形貌的多级孔结构的ZSM-5分子筛,而添加介孔模板(PAA-CTAB)可以进一步提高多级孔结构ZSM-5的介孔含量。合成的多级孔结构ZSM-5分子筛在催化苯与苯甲醇的烷基化反应中展现了较高的催化活性。