In order to meet the demand of testability analysis and evaluation for complex equipment under a small sample test in the equipment life cycle, the hierarchical hybrid testability model- ing and evaluation method (HH...In order to meet the demand of testability analysis and evaluation for complex equipment under a small sample test in the equipment life cycle, the hierarchical hybrid testability model- ing and evaluation method (HHTME), which combines the testabi- lity structure model (TSM) with the testability Bayesian networks model (TBNM), is presented. Firstly, the testability network topo- logy of complex equipment is built by using the hierarchical hybrid testability modeling method. Secondly, the prior conditional prob- ability distribution between network nodes is determined through expert experience. Then the Bayesian method is used to update the conditional probability distribution, according to history test information, virtual simulation information and similar product in- formation. Finally, the learned hierarchical hybrid testability model (HHTM) is used to estimate the testability of equipment. Compared with the results of other modeling methods, the relative deviation of the HHTM is only 0.52%, and the evaluation result is the most accu rate.展开更多
Digital libraries are complex systems and this brings difficulties for their evaluation. This paper proposes a hierarchical model to solve this problem, and puts the entangled matters into a clear-layered structure. F...Digital libraries are complex systems and this brings difficulties for their evaluation. This paper proposes a hierarchical model to solve this problem, and puts the entangled matters into a clear-layered structure. Firstly, digital libraries(DLs thereafter)are classified into 5 groups in ascending gradations, i.e. mini DLs, small DLs, medium DLs,large DLs, and huge DLs by their scope of operation. Then, according to the characteristics of DLs at different operational scope and level of sophistication, they are further grouped into unitary DLs, union DLs and hybrid DLs accordingly. Based on this simulated structure,a hierarchical model for digital library evaluation is introduced, which evaluates DLs differentiatingly within a hierarchical scheme by using varying criteria based on their specific level of operational complexity such as at the micro-level, medium-level, and/or at the macro-level. Based on our careful examination and analysis of the current literature about DL evaluation system, an experiment is conducted by using the DL evaluation model along with its criteria for unitary DLs at micro-level. The main contents resulting from this evaluation experimentation and also those evaluation indicators and relevant issues of major concerns for DLs at medium-level and macro-level are also to be presented at some length.展开更多
In order to evaluate the general situation and find special problems of the freeway incident management system, an evaluation model is proposed. First, the expert appraisal approach is used to select the primary evalu...In order to evaluate the general situation and find special problems of the freeway incident management system, an evaluation model is proposed. First, the expert appraisal approach is used to select the primary evaluation index. As a result, 81 indices and the hierarchical structures of the index such as the object layer, the sub-object layer, the criterion layer and the index layer are determined. Then, based on the fuzzy characteristics of each index layer, the analytical hierarchy process(AHP)and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation are applied to generate the weight and the satisfaction of the index and the criterion layers. When analyzing the relationship between the sub-object layer and the object layer, it is easy to find that the number of sub-objects is too large and sub-objects are significantly redundant. The partial least square (PLS) is proposed to solve the problems. Finally, an application example, whose result has already been accepted and employed as the indication of a new project in improving incident management, is introduced and the result verifies the feasibility and efficiency of the model.展开更多
A set of indices for performance evaluation for business processes with multiple inputs and multiple outputs is proposed, which are found in machinery manufacturers. Based on the traditional methods of data envelopmen...A set of indices for performance evaluation for business processes with multiple inputs and multiple outputs is proposed, which are found in machinery manufacturers. Based on the traditional methods of data envelopment analysis (DEA) and analytical hierarchical process (AHP), a hybrid model called DEA/AHP model is proposed to deal with the evaluation of business process performance. With the proposed method, the DEA is firstly used to develop a pairwise comparison matrix, and then the AHP is applied to evaluate the performance of business process using the pairwise comparison matrix. The significant advantage of this hybrid model is the use of objective data instead of subjective human judgment for performance evaluation. In the case study, a project of business process reengineering (BPR) with a hydraulic machinery manufacturer is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the DEA/AHP model.展开更多
Underground space utilization and exploration is an irreversible trend for promoting sustainable development especially in megacities.Geotechnical engineering safety is always one of the most important issues in all p...Underground space utilization and exploration is an irreversible trend for promoting sustainable development especially in megacities.Geotechnical engineering safety is always one of the most important issues in all phases,including planning,design, construction and operation,of the underground project.Engineering geological and hydro-geological characteristics of the foundation rock mass展开更多
Purpose:Based on the understanding of the characteristics of mobile services(m-services)provided by libraries,we attempt to develop a multidimensional and hierarchical model and a specifically designed measurement sca...Purpose:Based on the understanding of the characteristics of mobile services(m-services)provided by libraries,we attempt to develop a multidimensional and hierarchical model and a specifically designed measurement scale for the assessment of libraries' m-service quality.Design/methodology/approach:The research has been conducted sequentially in two stages.At the first stage,a multidimensional and hierarchical model of library m-service quality and a measurement scale are developed through literature review and focus group interviews.At the second stage the model is tested using partial disaggregation technique for an analysis of the data collected from over 400 library users in 3 Chinese universities.Findings:The proposed model is shown to fit the data well.The empirical analysis provides strong support for the model,which includes 4 dimensions(service environment,service interaction,information control and service effect) and 12 corresponding sub-dimensions.Research limitations:The sample size needs to be enlarged and the user types need to be expanded to make the sample more representative.Practical implications:The study provides a conceptual framework and measurement tool that can help library managers understand the users' needs in the context of mobile network environment,and boost their libraries' competitiveness by carrying out better services to meet the user demands.Originality/value:The proposed model and measurement scale specifically designed for the assessment of libraries' m-service quality fully reflect the hierarchical structure of libraries' m-service quality.In addition,by using partial disaggregation technique for model testing,we believe our research can serve as a practical reference to those engaged in the development and examination of a multidimensional and hierarchical model.展开更多
Engineering geological and hydro-geological characteristics of foundation rock and surrounding rock mass are the main factors that affect the stability of underground engineering. This paper presents the concept of mu...Engineering geological and hydro-geological characteristics of foundation rock and surrounding rock mass are the main factors that affect the stability of underground engineering. This paper presents the concept of multiscale hierarchical digital rock mass models to describe the rock mass, including its structures in different scales and corresponding scale dependence. Four scales including regional scale,engineering scale, laboratory scale and microscale are determined, and the corresponding scaledependent geological structures and their characterization methods are provided. Image analysis and processing method, geostatistics and Monte Carlo simulation technique are used to establish the multiscale hierarchical digital rock mass models, in which the main micro-and macro-structures of rock mass in different geological units and scales are reflected and connected. A computer code is developed for numerically analyzing the strength, fracture behavior and hydraulic conductivity of rock mass using the multiscale hierarchical digital models. Using the models and methods provided in this paper, the geological information of rock mass in different geological units and scales can be considered sufficiently,and the influence of downscale characteristics(such as meso-scale) on the upscale characteristics(such as engineering scale) can be calculated by considering the discrete geological structures in the downscale model as equivalent continuous media in the upscale model. Thus the mechanical and hydraulic properties of rock mass may be evaluated rationally and precisely. The multiscale hierarchical digital rock mass models and the corresponding methods proposed in this paper provide a unified and simple solution for determining the mechanical and hydraulic properties of rock mass in different scales.展开更多
目的 探讨纵向分层师资培训在山东第一医科大学第一附属医院/山东省千佛山医院临床师资培训中的应用效果。方法 2021年1月-2022年12月,采取自愿原则招募已通过师资准入考试的临床带教师资80人作为研究对象,随机将其均分为2组,对照组采...目的 探讨纵向分层师资培训在山东第一医科大学第一附属医院/山东省千佛山医院临床师资培训中的应用效果。方法 2021年1月-2022年12月,采取自愿原则招募已通过师资准入考试的临床带教师资80人作为研究对象,随机将其均分为2组,对照组采用传统的师资培训模式,而试验组应用纵向分层师资培训。运用柯氏模型层级评估方法,分别从反应层、学习层、行为层分析临床师资在教学知识、技能、科研能力等方面的差异,检验临床师资培训课程对师资教学能力的影响。结果反应层评价显示,试验组在培训内容[(86.66±2.82)分vs.(71.81±3.23)分]、培训方法 [(88.43±3.09)分vs.(78.02±3.30)分]、课时安排[(92.12±3.39)分vs.(73.40±2.71)分]、授课环节设计[(88.60±3.10)分vs.(80.02±3.00)分]的满意度评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.001);学习层评价显示,试验组培训后对课程设计(37 vs. 15)、培训组织(38 vs. 21)、学习内容掌握(35 vs. 17)、教学技能掌握(31 vs. 11)认可的人数均高于培训前,差异有统计学意义(P <0.001);行为层评价显示,试验组培训后的带教能力即实际带教次数≥2次/年的人次(28 vs. 14)、科研能力即近两年有运用推广或获奖项目的人次(13 vs. 5)均高于培训前,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论 师资对纵向分层培训的培训内容、培训方法、课时安排、授课环节设计等方面的满意度较高,纵向分层培训在课程设计、培训组织的认可以及学习内容、教学技能掌握程度上均显示出明显的优越性,师资在带教能力和科研能力等方面都有明显提升。展开更多
基金supported by the National Defense Pre-research Foundation of China(51327030104)
文摘In order to meet the demand of testability analysis and evaluation for complex equipment under a small sample test in the equipment life cycle, the hierarchical hybrid testability model- ing and evaluation method (HHTME), which combines the testabi- lity structure model (TSM) with the testability Bayesian networks model (TBNM), is presented. Firstly, the testability network topo- logy of complex equipment is built by using the hierarchical hybrid testability modeling method. Secondly, the prior conditional prob- ability distribution between network nodes is determined through expert experience. Then the Bayesian method is used to update the conditional probability distribution, according to history test information, virtual simulation information and similar product in- formation. Finally, the learned hierarchical hybrid testability model (HHTM) is used to estimate the testability of equipment. Compared with the results of other modeling methods, the relative deviation of the HHTM is only 0.52%, and the evaluation result is the most accu rate.
文摘Digital libraries are complex systems and this brings difficulties for their evaluation. This paper proposes a hierarchical model to solve this problem, and puts the entangled matters into a clear-layered structure. Firstly, digital libraries(DLs thereafter)are classified into 5 groups in ascending gradations, i.e. mini DLs, small DLs, medium DLs,large DLs, and huge DLs by their scope of operation. Then, according to the characteristics of DLs at different operational scope and level of sophistication, they are further grouped into unitary DLs, union DLs and hybrid DLs accordingly. Based on this simulated structure,a hierarchical model for digital library evaluation is introduced, which evaluates DLs differentiatingly within a hierarchical scheme by using varying criteria based on their specific level of operational complexity such as at the micro-level, medium-level, and/or at the macro-level. Based on our careful examination and analysis of the current literature about DL evaluation system, an experiment is conducted by using the DL evaluation model along with its criteria for unitary DLs at micro-level. The main contents resulting from this evaluation experimentation and also those evaluation indicators and relevant issues of major concerns for DLs at medium-level and macro-level are also to be presented at some length.
文摘In order to evaluate the general situation and find special problems of the freeway incident management system, an evaluation model is proposed. First, the expert appraisal approach is used to select the primary evaluation index. As a result, 81 indices and the hierarchical structures of the index such as the object layer, the sub-object layer, the criterion layer and the index layer are determined. Then, based on the fuzzy characteristics of each index layer, the analytical hierarchy process(AHP)and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation are applied to generate the weight and the satisfaction of the index and the criterion layers. When analyzing the relationship between the sub-object layer and the object layer, it is easy to find that the number of sub-objects is too large and sub-objects are significantly redundant. The partial least square (PLS) is proposed to solve the problems. Finally, an application example, whose result has already been accepted and employed as the indication of a new project in improving incident management, is introduced and the result verifies the feasibility and efficiency of the model.
基金This project is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 70471009)Natural Science Foundation Project of CQ CSTC, China (No. 2006BA2033).
文摘A set of indices for performance evaluation for business processes with multiple inputs and multiple outputs is proposed, which are found in machinery manufacturers. Based on the traditional methods of data envelopment analysis (DEA) and analytical hierarchical process (AHP), a hybrid model called DEA/AHP model is proposed to deal with the evaluation of business process performance. With the proposed method, the DEA is firstly used to develop a pairwise comparison matrix, and then the AHP is applied to evaluate the performance of business process using the pairwise comparison matrix. The significant advantage of this hybrid model is the use of objective data instead of subjective human judgment for performance evaluation. In the case study, a project of business process reengineering (BPR) with a hydraulic machinery manufacturer is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the DEA/AHP model.
文摘Underground space utilization and exploration is an irreversible trend for promoting sustainable development especially in megacities.Geotechnical engineering safety is always one of the most important issues in all phases,including planning,design, construction and operation,of the underground project.Engineering geological and hydro-geological characteristics of the foundation rock mass
基金supported by the Social Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:12CTQ005)
文摘Purpose:Based on the understanding of the characteristics of mobile services(m-services)provided by libraries,we attempt to develop a multidimensional and hierarchical model and a specifically designed measurement scale for the assessment of libraries' m-service quality.Design/methodology/approach:The research has been conducted sequentially in two stages.At the first stage,a multidimensional and hierarchical model of library m-service quality and a measurement scale are developed through literature review and focus group interviews.At the second stage the model is tested using partial disaggregation technique for an analysis of the data collected from over 400 library users in 3 Chinese universities.Findings:The proposed model is shown to fit the data well.The empirical analysis provides strong support for the model,which includes 4 dimensions(service environment,service interaction,information control and service effect) and 12 corresponding sub-dimensions.Research limitations:The sample size needs to be enlarged and the user types need to be expanded to make the sample more representative.Practical implications:The study provides a conceptual framework and measurement tool that can help library managers understand the users' needs in the context of mobile network environment,and boost their libraries' competitiveness by carrying out better services to meet the user demands.Originality/value:The proposed model and measurement scale specifically designed for the assessment of libraries' m-service quality fully reflect the hierarchical structure of libraries' m-service quality.In addition,by using partial disaggregation technique for model testing,we believe our research can serve as a practical reference to those engaged in the development and examination of a multidimensional and hierarchical model.
基金the Outstanding Youth Science Foundation of National Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 51522903)the National Key Research and Development Plan (Grant No. 2016YFC0501104)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. U1361103, 51479094 and 51379104)the Open Research Fund Program of the State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering,Tsinghua University (Grant Nos. 2015-KY-04, 2016-KY-02 and 2016KY-05)
文摘Engineering geological and hydro-geological characteristics of foundation rock and surrounding rock mass are the main factors that affect the stability of underground engineering. This paper presents the concept of multiscale hierarchical digital rock mass models to describe the rock mass, including its structures in different scales and corresponding scale dependence. Four scales including regional scale,engineering scale, laboratory scale and microscale are determined, and the corresponding scaledependent geological structures and their characterization methods are provided. Image analysis and processing method, geostatistics and Monte Carlo simulation technique are used to establish the multiscale hierarchical digital rock mass models, in which the main micro-and macro-structures of rock mass in different geological units and scales are reflected and connected. A computer code is developed for numerically analyzing the strength, fracture behavior and hydraulic conductivity of rock mass using the multiscale hierarchical digital models. Using the models and methods provided in this paper, the geological information of rock mass in different geological units and scales can be considered sufficiently,and the influence of downscale characteristics(such as meso-scale) on the upscale characteristics(such as engineering scale) can be calculated by considering the discrete geological structures in the downscale model as equivalent continuous media in the upscale model. Thus the mechanical and hydraulic properties of rock mass may be evaluated rationally and precisely. The multiscale hierarchical digital rock mass models and the corresponding methods proposed in this paper provide a unified and simple solution for determining the mechanical and hydraulic properties of rock mass in different scales.
文摘目的 探讨纵向分层师资培训在山东第一医科大学第一附属医院/山东省千佛山医院临床师资培训中的应用效果。方法 2021年1月-2022年12月,采取自愿原则招募已通过师资准入考试的临床带教师资80人作为研究对象,随机将其均分为2组,对照组采用传统的师资培训模式,而试验组应用纵向分层师资培训。运用柯氏模型层级评估方法,分别从反应层、学习层、行为层分析临床师资在教学知识、技能、科研能力等方面的差异,检验临床师资培训课程对师资教学能力的影响。结果反应层评价显示,试验组在培训内容[(86.66±2.82)分vs.(71.81±3.23)分]、培训方法 [(88.43±3.09)分vs.(78.02±3.30)分]、课时安排[(92.12±3.39)分vs.(73.40±2.71)分]、授课环节设计[(88.60±3.10)分vs.(80.02±3.00)分]的满意度评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.001);学习层评价显示,试验组培训后对课程设计(37 vs. 15)、培训组织(38 vs. 21)、学习内容掌握(35 vs. 17)、教学技能掌握(31 vs. 11)认可的人数均高于培训前,差异有统计学意义(P <0.001);行为层评价显示,试验组培训后的带教能力即实际带教次数≥2次/年的人次(28 vs. 14)、科研能力即近两年有运用推广或获奖项目的人次(13 vs. 5)均高于培训前,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论 师资对纵向分层培训的培训内容、培训方法、课时安排、授课环节设计等方面的满意度较高,纵向分层培训在课程设计、培训组织的认可以及学习内容、教学技能掌握程度上均显示出明显的优越性,师资在带教能力和科研能力等方面都有明显提升。