Hierarchical hybrid testability modeling and evaluation method based on information fusion

In order to meet the demand of testability analysis and evaluation for complex equipment under a small sample test in the equipment life cycle, the hierarchical hybrid testability model- ing and evaluation method （HHTME）, which combines the testabi- lity structure model （TSM） with the testability Bayesian networks model （TBNM）, is presented. Firstly, the testability network topo- logy of complex equipment is built by using the hierarchical hybrid testability modeling method. Secondly, the prior conditional prob- ability distribution between network nodes is determined through expert experience. Then the Bayesian method is used to update the conditional probability distribution, according to history test information, virtual simulation information and similar product in- formation. Finally, the learned hierarchical hybrid testability model （HHTM） is used to estimate the testability of equipment. Compared with the results of other modeling methods, the relative deviation of the HHTM is only 0.52%, and the evaluation result is the most accu rate.

Differentiated digital library evaluation in a hierarchical model stemming from its operational scope and complexity

Digital libraries are complex systems and this brings difficulties for their evaluation. This paper proposes a hierarchical model to solve this problem, and puts the entangled matters into a clear-layered structure. Firstly, digital libraries(DLs thereafter)are classified into 5 groups in ascending gradations, i.e. mini DLs, small DLs, medium DLs,large DLs, and huge DLs by their scope of operation. Then, according to the characteristics of DLs at different operational scope and level of sophistication, they are further grouped into unitary DLs, union DLs and hybrid DLs accordingly. Based on this simulated structure,a hierarchical model for digital library evaluation is introduced, which evaluates DLs differentiatingly within a hierarchical scheme by using varying criteria based on their specific level of operational complexity such as at the micro-level, medium-level, and/or at the macro-level. Based on our careful examination and analysis of the current literature about DL evaluation system, an experiment is conducted by using the DL evaluation model along with its criteria for unitary DLs at micro-level. The main contents resulting from this evaluation experimentation and also those evaluation indicators and relevant issues of major concerns for DLs at medium-level and macro-level are also to be presented at some length.

Evaluation model for freeway incident management system

In order to evaluate the general situation and find special problems of the freeway incident management system, an evaluation model is proposed. First, the expert appraisal approach is used to select the primary evaluation index. As a result, 81 indices and the hierarchical structures of the index such as the object layer, the sub-object layer, the criterion layer and the index layer are determined. Then, based on the fuzzy characteristics of each index layer, the analytical hierarchy process（AHP）and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation are applied to generate the weight and the satisfaction of the index and the criterion layers. When analyzing the relationship between the sub-object layer and the object layer, it is easy to find that the number of sub-objects is too large and sub-objects are significantly redundant. The partial least square （PLS） is proposed to solve the problems. Finally, an application example, whose result has already been accepted and employed as the indication of a new project in improving incident management, is introduced and the result verifies the feasibility and efficiency of the model.

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION METHOD FOR BUSINESS PROCESS OF MACHINERY MANUFACTURER BASED ON DEA/AHP HYBRID MODEL

A set of indices for performance evaluation for business processes with multiple inputs and multiple outputs is proposed, which are found in machinery manufacturers. Based on the traditional methods of data envelopment analysis （DEA） and analytical hierarchical process （AHP）, a hybrid model called DEA/AHP model is proposed to deal with the evaluation of business process performance. With the proposed method, the DEA is firstly used to develop a pairwise comparison matrix, and then the AHP is applied to evaluate the performance of business process using the pairwise comparison matrix. The significant advantage of this hybrid model is the use of objective data instead of subjective human judgment for performance evaluation. In the case study, a project of business process reengineering （BPR） with a hydraulic machinery manufacturer is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the DEA/AHP model.

Multiscale Hierarchical Digital Rock Mass Models and Numerical Testing on Mechanical and Hydaulic Properties of Rock Mass

Underground space utilization and exploration is an irreversible trend for promoting sustainable development especially in megacities.Geotechnical engineering safety is always one of the most important issues in all phases,including planning,design, construction and operation,of the underground project.Engineering geological and hydro-geological characteristics of the foundation rock mass

A multidimensional and hierarchical model of library mobile service quality

Purpose:Based on the understanding of the characteristics of mobile services(m-services)provided by libraries,we attempt to develop a multidimensional and hierarchical model and a specifically designed measurement scale for the assessment of libraries' m-service quality.Design/methodology/approach:The research has been conducted sequentially in two stages.At the first stage,a multidimensional and hierarchical model of library m-service quality and a measurement scale are developed through literature review and focus group interviews.At the second stage the model is tested using partial disaggregation technique for an analysis of the data collected from over 400 library users in 3 Chinese universities.Findings:The proposed model is shown to fit the data well.The empirical analysis provides strong support for the model,which includes 4 dimensions(service environment,service interaction,information control and service effect) and 12 corresponding sub-dimensions.Research limitations:The sample size needs to be enlarged and the user types need to be expanded to make the sample more representative.Practical implications:The study provides a conceptual framework and measurement tool that can help library managers understand the users' needs in the context of mobile network environment,and boost their libraries' competitiveness by carrying out better services to meet the user demands.Originality/value:The proposed model and measurement scale specifically designed for the assessment of libraries' m-service quality fully reflect the hierarchical structure of libraries' m-service quality.In addition,by using partial disaggregation technique for model testing,we believe our research can serve as a practical reference to those engaged in the development and examination of a multidimensional and hierarchical model.

Multiscale hierarchical analysis of rock mass and prediction of its mechanical and hydraulic properties

Engineering geological and hydro-geological characteristics of foundation rock and surrounding rock mass are the main factors that affect the stability of underground engineering. This paper presents the concept of multiscale hierarchical digital rock mass models to describe the rock mass, including its structures in different scales and corresponding scale dependence. Four scales including regional scale,engineering scale, laboratory scale and microscale are determined, and the corresponding scaledependent geological structures and their characterization methods are provided. Image analysis and processing method, geostatistics and Monte Carlo simulation technique are used to establish the multiscale hierarchical digital rock mass models, in which the main micro-and macro-structures of rock mass in different geological units and scales are reflected and connected. A computer code is developed for numerically analyzing the strength, fracture behavior and hydraulic conductivity of rock mass using the multiscale hierarchical digital models. Using the models and methods provided in this paper, the geological information of rock mass in different geological units and scales can be considered sufficiently,and the influence of downscale characteristics(such as meso-scale) on the upscale characteristics(such as engineering scale) can be calculated by considering the discrete geological structures in the downscale model as equivalent continuous media in the upscale model. Thus the mechanical and hydraulic properties of rock mass may be evaluated rationally and precisely. The multiscale hierarchical digital rock mass models and the corresponding methods proposed in this paper provide a unified and simple solution for determining the mechanical and hydraulic properties of rock mass in different scales.

贵州无井式UCG选址选层“四性”地质评价模式与资源类型划分

为建立科学系统的“地质−工程”一体化地质风险评估模式,解决煤炭地下气化(UCG)选址选层难题,提出了一种以“建炉可行性、过程易控性、气化安全性、开发经济性”四性认识为基础,利用FAHP模糊层次分析法创建的包括4项一级指标、10项2级指标、26项3级关键地质参数的地质评价要素层次结构模型。该模型引入“阈值”概念,对断层指数、奥亚膨胀度、黏结指数、上覆含水层距离4项指标的超“阈值”情况实施“一票否决”,充分重视特定地质参数对UCG控制的关键作用;通过“两两判断矩阵”确定各指标权重向量,根据隶属函数厘定指标层隶属度;并提出了相应地质评价技术方法,配套建立了权重积、综合权重积以及最优3段分割等算法,将所涉及指标量化分析,精准判断资源类型与级别;同时基于矩阵结构混合编码方式,提出了“四性四级”五位编码的UCG资源类型表征系统。最终形成了以“四性”理论为基础,“算法”为骨架,“四性四级”五位编码为灵魂的科学化、系统化UCG选址选层地质评价体系。该评价体系可在多场耦合的UCG生产过程相关风险识别机制的前沿探索方面发挥关键作用,有效改善现有UCG风险识别理论局限于地质单方面,缺乏工程联系的问题,实现大区域的UCG量化选址选层,为省级乃至国家级煤炭地下气化战略规划提供解决途径,从而提出可供分步实施的典型地质条件先导性试验区建议,推动煤炭地下气化产业化进程。

基于改进DEMATEL-ISM的钢桁梁桥施工风险影响因素研究

为提高钢桁梁桥施工过程中的安全管理,对钢桁梁桥施工中的风险因素进行分析,提出了一种基于改进DEMATEL-ISM的评价方法,首先引入三角模糊数对DEMATEL法中的直接影响矩阵进行改进,从而去模糊化以减少专家评价的主观性,再通过DEMATEL法分析各影响因素的影响度、被影响度、中心度与原因度并加以排序,对得到的主要影响因素进行初步分析,利用ISM法对筛选出的影响因素进行层次划分,得到直接层影响因素、过渡层影响因素与本质影响因素,并针对分析得到的5个本质影响因素提出深入的预防预警措施,可为钢桁梁桥施工方向的安全管理提供针对性措施,为事故预防提供一定的参考依据。

航海院校弘扬航海文化效果的评价指标构建

航海文化是海洋强国战略的文化基础。在弘扬航海文化的效果评价上,根据航海文化弘扬的实际效果,总结弘扬过程中的成就与不足,是传统航海院校打造航海文化品牌、提升航海文化影响力的需要。基于CIPP模型确定航海院校弘扬航海文化效果的评价指标,在此基础上运用层次分析法确定各指标的权重,形成评价指标体系,运用模糊综合评价法进行效果评价。根据模型,结合实际院校情况,查找弘扬航海文化的不足,提出了相应的建议。

基于三维足迹家族模型的资源环境可持续性评价

为探讨资源环境可持续评价研究的重要性,通过建立以生态足迹、水足迹与碳足迹为基本成员的足迹家族模型,引入多个资源环境压力指标,并基于DPSIR框架,运用综合集成法分析确立资源环境可持续性评价指标体系,由随机森林法与层次分析法确定各项指标的组合权重,运用模糊综合评价法分析区域资源环境压力状况与可持续性状况,进而开展了基于三维足迹家族模型的南京市资源环境可持续评价研究。结果表明,2012~2021年南京市水土资源均有占用存量资本,但占用情况整体呈下降趋势,碳足迹处于低压力范围,资源环境可持续性逐年向好;2012~2019年南京市资源环境可持续状况为弱可持续,2020~2021年为强可持续。

行为认知视域下智适应融合式学习对学生的影响探究

随着人工智能教育的发展,智适应学习系统逐步得到应用。为帮助学生提升学习效果,以行为认知视角切入,对不同学习方式的学生进行问卷调查,针对调查结果分别使用层次综合评价模型研究智适应融合式学习与传统学习方式对学生学习成效的差异性,并使用结构方程模型研究智适应融合式学习方式对学生影响的具体路径及影响程度,从而得出相关研究结论,并对未来教育学习方式提出建议与展望。

锡林郭勒盟大型露天煤矿区地质环境时空演化评价

内蒙古锡林郭勒盟大型露天煤矿区经过20多年的开发,产生了一系列矿山地质环境问题,矿区地质环境在一定程度上遭到破坏,因此,开展大型露天煤矿区地质环境时空演化评价可为矿区生态地质环境修复提供参考。本文对锡林郭勒盟3个大型矿区进行地质环境时空演化评价。首先通过现场调查,明确了研究区主要的矿山地质环境问题,包括植被覆盖度下降、土地压占(排土场和工业场地)、地形地貌景观破坏(露天采坑)和含水层破坏等4类;其次利用遥感影像定量获取了2000—2020年之间的矿山地质环境问题信息,并建立了矿山地质环境评价指标体系;然后应用层次分析法确定了矿山地质环境评价指标的权重,并通过基于GIS的影响指数模型对矿山地质环境影响进行了评价和区划,探讨了矿山地质环境时空演化规律。研究结果表明:(1)3个大型矿区植被覆盖度下降区域的面积、排土场压占土地面积和露天采坑破坏地形地貌景观面积随时间不断增加;(2)大型矿区采矿对地质环境的影响划分为无影响区、轻微影响区、一般影响区、较强影响区和强烈影响区5个等级分区;(3)3个大型矿区地质环境时空演化规律基本相同,不同影响区的空间分布特征和面积随时间变化的规律不同。

基于属性层次模型的关节置换术预防性使用抗菌药物合理性评价

目的探讨基于属性层次模型(AHM)的骨科关节置换术(包括膝关节置换和髋关节置换)预防性使用抗菌药物合理性评价标准,为该类手术抗菌药物预防使用提供参考。方法参考《抗菌药物临床应用指导原则(2015版)》、《桑德福抗微生物治疗指南(48版)》、相关药品说明书及国内外治疗指南等,制定基于AHM的关节置换术预防性使用抗菌药物合理性评价标准,并据此对2021年1月至2021年12月安徽医科大学安庆医学中心208例行关节置换术的患者病历的围手术期抗菌药物使用情况进行分析。结果关节置换术预防性使用抗菌药物主要不合理类型涉及头孢菌素皮试(65.87%)、用药疗程(61.06%)、给药剂量(53.37%)、药物选择(26.92%);病历评分(MRS)≥90分的41例(19.71%),80分≤MRS<90分的67例(32.21%),60分≤MRS<80分的87例(41.83%),MRS<60分的13例(6.25%)。结论安徽医科大学安庆医学中心骨科关节置换术围手术期抗菌药物使用较为合理,但在药物选择、给药剂量、用药疗程、头孢菌素皮试等方面存在不合理用药,需进一步规范。

我国冰雪产业政策层级性特征与未来展望——基于107份不同层级冰雪产业政策的文本分析

该研究运用LDA模型,对国家级、省级和市级3个层级的107份冰雪产业政策进行主题挖掘和量化分析,探讨了不同层级政策的关联特征和主要问题。研究发现:我国冰雪产业政策具有层级性特征,且不同层级的政策关注重点迥异,主要表现为国家级冰雪产业政策主题集中在冰雪运动普及、冰雪产业发展、冰雪旅游发展等宏观规划上,体现出明显的指导性特征;省级冰雪产业政策主题集中在群众冰雪运动、冰雪产业集群、冰雪旅游经济等中观扶持上,体现了规划指导与探索试验相结合的政策制定模式;市级冰雪产业政策主题集中在冰雪示范基地、冰雪消费升级、冰雪用地布局等微观设计上,体现出明显的管控性特征。整体而言,上述特征与我国冰雪产业高质量发展的总体要求保持一致,但仍存在政策目标模糊、政策时效不足、政策监管不力及政策支持力度不强等问题,制约了我国冰雪产业政策的扩散和传导。据此,在政策制定、政策实施和政策监管3个层面提出如下建议:优化政策工具组合,加大冰雪产业政策要素供给;畅通政策传导链条,推动冰雪产业政策落地有效;健全政策监管体系,强化冰雪产业政策动态监管。

护理研究生科研伦理素养评价指标体系的构建

目的构建护理研究生科研伦理素养评价指标体系,为客观评价护理研究生的科研伦理素养提供工具。方法以素质冰山模型为理论基础,基于文献回顾和小组讨论拟订护理研究生科研伦理素养评价指标体系初稿,应用德尔菲法和层次分析法确定最终评价指标体系和权重。结果2轮函询专家积极系数分别为100%和85.0%,专家权威系数为0.900、0.921,肯德尔和谐系数为0.134、0.189(均P<0.05)。最终形成的护理研究生科研伦理素养评价指标体系,包括2个一级指标(外显科研伦理素养、内隐科研伦理素养)、5个二级指标(科研伦理知识、科研伦理技能、科研伦理能力、科研伦理态度、科研伦理价值观)、31个三级指标。结论构建的护理研究生科研伦理素养评价指标体系科学合理,可作为护理研究生科研伦理素养的评价工具。

纵向分层师资培训在附属医院师资培训中的应用探讨

目的 探讨纵向分层师资培训在山东第一医科大学第一附属医院/山东省千佛山医院临床师资培训中的应用效果。方法 2021年1月-2022年12月,采取自愿原则招募已通过师资准入考试的临床带教师资80人作为研究对象,随机将其均分为2组,对照组采用传统的师资培训模式,而试验组应用纵向分层师资培训。运用柯氏模型层级评估方法,分别从反应层、学习层、行为层分析临床师资在教学知识、技能、科研能力等方面的差异,检验临床师资培训课程对师资教学能力的影响。结果反应层评价显示,试验组在培训内容[(86.66±2.82)分vs.(71.81±3.23)分]、培训方法 [(88.43±3.09)分vs.(78.02±3.30)分]、课时安排[(92.12±3.39)分vs.(73.40±2.71)分]、授课环节设计[(88.60±3.10)分vs.(80.02±3.00)分]的满意度评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.001);学习层评价显示,试验组培训后对课程设计(37 vs. 15)、培训组织(38 vs. 21)、学习内容掌握(35 vs. 17)、教学技能掌握(31 vs. 11)认可的人数均高于培训前,差异有统计学意义(P <0.001);行为层评价显示,试验组培训后的带教能力即实际带教次数≥2次/年的人次(28 vs. 14)、科研能力即近两年有运用推广或获奖项目的人次(13 vs. 5)均高于培训前,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论 师资对纵向分层培训的培训内容、培训方法、课时安排、授课环节设计等方面的满意度较高,纵向分层培训在课程设计、培训组织的认可以及学习内容、教学技能掌握程度上均显示出明显的优越性,师资在带教能力和科研能力等方面都有明显提升。

基于改进可拓云模型的装配式建筑施工安全风险评价方法

为保障装配式建筑施工安全,考虑到施工安全指标因素的模糊性与随机性,运用组合赋权-改进可拓云模型对施工安全风险进行评价。首先,从“三度空间”视角下,在物理、社会、信息三个层面构建了评价指标体系;其次,运用改进的层次分析法(AHP)和熵权法(EW)确定主客观权重,基于距离函数确定综合权重,根据云理论和可拓学理论提出一种云熵确定方法,对传统可拓云模型进行改进后构建评价模型;最后,将该模型运用到工程实例中,与其他模型进行对比。结果表明:该施工项目评价等级为很安全,且具有很高的可信度;验证了该模型的可靠性和可行性,为装配式建筑施工安全风险评价提供了一种更加科学、准确的评价方法。

集成灾害系统和D/I模型的岩溶区燃气管道致灾演化层次结构分析

为进一步厘清岩溶区燃气管道多因素致灾演化的层次结构,基于灾害系统理论将其解构为孕灾环境、灾害因子、承灾体和灾情4大子系统,结合决策实验室分析法和解释结构模型分析多因素致灾演化的逻辑层次和因果递进关系,建立多级递阶结构模型并明确风险管控要点。研究结果表明:灾害系统风险因素分布于多阶层级,形成差异化作用路径和异质性影响效应;岩溶塌陷长度和宽度等表层直接因素对致灾演化造成直接影响,是风险管控第1要务;岩溶覆盖层特征、地形地貌等中层间接因素在灾害系统中起承上启下作用;构造条件、火源等深层根本因素位于多阶结构底层,对其管控能从本质上有效遏制灾害演化发展。研究结果可为岩溶地质隐患区燃气管道工程提供防灾减灾参考。