Meta-analysis of the effects of high-intensity intermittent exercise on cardiopulmonary function rehabilitation in patients with stroke

Objective:Systematically evaluate the rehabilitation effect of high-intensity intermittent exercise(HIIT)on cardiovascular function in stroke patients,in order to provide a basis for selecting the best rehabilitation plan for stroke patients.Methods:Computer retrieval of CNKI,WanFang Data,VIP,CBM,Pubmed,EMbase,Web of science,The Cochrane Library databases was conducted from the establishment of the database until March 2023.Randomized controlled trials on HIIT improving cardiovascular function in stroke patients were included,and the included literature was screened,data extracted,and bias risk evaluated.Then,metaanalysis was conducted using RevMan 5.4 software and Stata17.0 software.Results:In the end,9 articles met the research criteria,with a total of 428 patients.The meta-analysis results showed that compared with the control group,HIIT had significant effects on peak oxygen uptake(VO2peak)[MD=3.87,95%CI(3.43,4.31),P<0.00001],minute ventilation(VE)[MD=7.14,95%CI(4.34,9.94),P<0.00001],peak power(WRpeak)[MD=17.13,95%CI(13.7320.54),P<0.00001],6-minute walking distance(6MWD)[MD=43.82,95%CI(16.08,71.56),P=0.002],The intervention effect of the 10 meter walking test(10MWT)[MD=-2.00,95%CI(-2.91,-1.08),P<0.0001]was better than that of the control group.Conclusion:The current analysis results show that compared to conventional rehabilitation therapy or continuous aerobic exercise,HIIT has more advantages in improving the cardiopulmonary function of stroke patients.

High-intensity interval training for health benefits and care of cardiac diseases——The key to an efficient exercise protocol

Aerobic capacity, which is expressed as peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), is well-known to be an independent predictor of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular prognosis. This is true even for people with various coronary risk factors and cardiovascular diseases. Although exercise training is the best method to improve VO2peak, the guidelines of most academic societies recommend 150 or 75 min of moderate- or vigorous- intensity physical activities, respectively, every week to gain health benefits. For general health and primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been recognized as an efficient exercise protocol with short exercise sessions. Given the availability of the numerous HIIT protocols, which can be classified into aerobic HIIT and anaerobic HIIT [usually called sprint interval training (SIT)], professionals in health-related fields, including primary physicians and cardiologists, may find it confusing when trying to select an appropriate protocol for their patients. This review describes the classifications of aerobic HIIT and SIT, and their differences in terms of effects, target subjects, adaptability, working mechanisms, and safety. Understanding the HIIT protocols and adopting the correct type for each subject would lead to better improvements in VO2peak with higher adherence and less risk.

High-Intensity Interval Training v/s Steady-State Cardio in Rehabilitation of Neurological Patients

Neuropathy is nerve damage that can cause chronic neuropathic pain, which is challenging to cure and has a significant financial burden. Exercise therapies, including High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and steady-state cardio, are being explored as potential treatments for neuropathic pain. This systematic review compares the effectiveness of HIIT and steady-state cardio for improving function in neurological patients. This article provides an overview of the systematic review conducted on the effects of exercise on neuropathic patients, with a focus on high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and steady-state cardio. The authors conducted a comprehensive search of various databases, identified relevant studies based on predetermined inclusion criteria, and used the EPPI automation application to process the data. The final selection of studies was based on validity and relevance, with redundant articles removed. The article reviews four studies that compare high-intensity interval training (HIIT) to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on various health outcomes. The studies found that HIIT can improve aerobic fitness, cerebral blood flow, and brain function in stroke patients;lower diastolic blood pressure more than MICT and improve insulin sensitivity and skeletal muscle mitochondrial content in obese individuals, potentially helping with the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes. In people with multiple sclerosis, acute exercise can decrease the plasma neurofilament light chain while increasing the flow of the kynurenine pathway. The available clinical and preclinical data suggest that further study on high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and its potential to alleviate neuropathic pain is justified. Randomized controlled trials are needed to investigate the type, intensity, frequency, and duration of exercise, which could lead to consensus and specific HIIT-based advice for patients with neuropathies.

Effectiveness of high intensity interval training on cardiorespiratory fitness and endothelial function in type 2 diabetes:A systematic review

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a chronic metabolic syndrome characterized by insulin resistance and hyperglycemia that may lead to endothelial dysfunction,reduced functional capacity and exercise intolerance.Regular aerobic exercise has been promoted as the most beneficial non-pharmacological treatment of cardiovascular diseases.High intensity interval training(HIIT)seems to be superior than moderate-intensity continuous training(MICT)in cardiovascular diseases by improving brachial artery flow-mediated dilation(FMD)and cardiorespiratory fitness to a greater extent.However,the beneficial effects of HIIT in patients with T2DM still remain under investigation and number of studies is limited.AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of high intensity interval training on cardiorespiratory fitness and endothelial function in patients with T2DM.METHODS We performed a search on PubMed,PEDro and CINAHL databases,selecting papers published between December 2012 and December 2022 and identified published randomized controlled trials(RCTs)in the English language that included community or outpatient exercise training programs in patients with T2DM.RCTs were assessed for methodological rigor and risk of bias via the Physiotherapy Evidence Database(PEDro).The primary outcome was peak VO_(2 ) and the secondary outcome was endothelial function assessed either by FMD or other indices of microcirculation.RESULTS Twelve studies were included in our systematic review.The 12 RCTs resulted in 661 participants in total.HIIT was performed in 310 patients(46.8%),MICT to 271 and the rest 80 belonged to the control group.Peak VO_(2 ) increased in 10 out of 12 studies after HIIT.Ten studies compared HIIT with other exercise regimens(MICT or strength endurance)and 4 of them demonstrated additional beneficial effects of HIIT over MICT or other exercise regimens.Moreover,4 studies explored the effects of HIIT on endothelial function and FMD in T2DM patients.In 2 of them,HIIT further improved endothelial function compared to MICT and/or the control group while in the rest 2 studies no differences between HIIT and MICT were observed.CONCLUSION Regular aerobic exercise training has beneficial effects on cardiorespiratory fitness and endothelial function in T2DM patients.HIIT may be superior by improving these parameters to a greater extent than MICT.

Does low volume high-intensity interval training elicit superior benefits to continuous low to moderate-intensity training in cancer survivors?

AIM To determine the impact ofm low volume high-intensity interval training(LVHIIT) and continuous low to moderate-intensity exercise training(CLMIT) on cardiovascular disease(CVD) risk and health outcomes in cancer survivors.METHODS Sedentary cancer survivors(n=75,aged 51±12year)within 24 months of diagnosis,were randomised into three groups for 12 wk of LVHIIT(n=25),CLMIT(n=25)or control group(n=25).The exercise intervention involved 36 sessions(three sessions per week).The LVHIIT group performed 7 x 30 s intervals(≥85%predicted maximal heart rate)with a 60 s rest between intervals,and the CLMIT group performed continuous aerobic training for 20 min(≤55%predicted maximal heart rate)on a stationary bike.Outcome variables were measured at baseline and at12 weeks and analysed using a 3 x 2(group x time)repeated measures ANCOVA to evaluate main and interaction effects.RESULTS Significant improvements(time)were observed for seven of the 22 variables(ES 0.35-0.97,P≤0.05).There was an interaction effect(P<0.01)after 12 in the LVHIIT group for six-minute walk test(P<0.01;d=0.97;95%CI:0.36,1.56;large),sit to stand test(P<0.01;d=-0.83;95%CI:-1.40,-0.22;large)and waist circumference reduction(P=0.01;d=-0.48;95%CI:-1.10,0.10;medium).An interaction effect(P<0.01)was also observed for quality of life in both the LVHIIT(d=1.11;95CI:0.50,1.72;large)and CLMIT(d=0.57;95%CI:-0.00,1.20;moderate)compared with the control group(d=-0.15;95%CI:-0.95,0.65;trivial).CONCLUSION Low-volume high-intensity training shows promise as an effective exercise prescription within the cancer population,showing greater improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness,lower body strength and waist circumference compared with traditional CLMIT and control groups.Both LVHIIT and CLMIT improved quality of life.A proposed benefit of LVHIIT is the short duration(3 min)of exercise required,which may entice more cancer survivors to participate in exercise,improving health outcomes and lowing the risk of CVD.

How does high-intensity intermittent training affect recreational endurance runners? Acute and chronic adaptations: A systematic review

Objective: This systematic review aimed to critically analyze the literature to determine how high-intensity intermittent training(HIIT) affects recreational endurance runners in the short-and long-term.Methods: Electronic databases were searched for literature dating from January 2000 to October 2015. The search was conducted using the key words "high-intensity intermittent training" or "high-intensity interval exercise" or "interval running" or "sprint interval training" and "endurance runners" or "long distance runners". A systematic approach was used to evaluate the 783 articles identified for initial review. Studies were included if they investigated HIIT in recreational endurance runners. The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database(PEDro) scale(for intervention studies) and the modified Downs and Black Quality Index(for cross-sectional studies).Results: Twenty-three studies met the inclusionary criteria for review. The results are presented in 2 parts: cross-sectional(n = 15) and intervention studies(n = 8). In the 15 cross-sectional studies selected, endurance runners performed at least 1 HIIT protocol, and the acute impact on physiological, neuromuscular, metabolic and/or biomechanical variables was assessed. Intervention studies lasted a minimum of 4 weeks, with 10 weeks being the longest intervention period, and included 2 to 4 HIIT sessions per week. Most of these studies combined HIIT sessions with continuous run(CR) sessions; 2 studies' subjects performed HIIT exclusively.Conclusion: HIIT-based running plans(2 to 3 HIIT sessions per week, combining HIIT and CR runs) show athletic performance improvements in endurance runners by improving maximal oxygen uptake and running economy along with muscular and metabolic adaptations. To maximize the adaptations to training, both HIIT and CR must be part of training programs for endurance runners.

Femoral neck stress fracture and medial tibial stress syndrome following high intensity interval training: A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND Femoral and tibial stress injuries are commonly found in long distance running athletes.Stress fractures have rarely been reported in athletes performing high intensity interval training(HIIT)exercise.The objective of this study was to report a case of a patient who presented with medial tibial stress syndrome and femoral neck stress fracture after performing HIIT exercises.CASE SUMMARY A 26 year old female presented with bilateral medial tibial pain.She had been performing HIIT exercise for 45 min,five times weekly,for a seven month period.Her tibial pain was gradual in onset,and was now severe and worse on exercise,despite six weeks of rest.Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)revealed bilateral medial tibial stress syndrome.As she was taking norethisterone for birth control,a dual energy X-ray absorbitometry scan was performed which demonstrated normal bone mineral density of her lumbar spine and femoral neck.She was managed conservatively with analgesia and physiotherapy,but continued to exercise against medical advice.She presented again six months later with severe right hip pain.MRI of her right hip demonstrated an incomplete stress fracture of her subtrochanteric region.Her symptoms resolved with strict rest and physiotherapy.CONCLUSION HIIT may cause stress injury of the tibia and femur in young individuals.

橘皮素改善过度运动导致的运动效益损失--基于肠道屏障损伤视角

剧烈运动增加肠道屏障损伤风险,长期肠道屏障损伤影响运动效益。本研究主要从过度运动损害肠道屏障、肠道屏障损伤影响运动效益、橘皮素修复肠道屏障损伤、橘皮素改善运动效益的逻辑等几个方面,对国内外相关研究成果进行整理、归纳与分析。研究结果显示:过度运动降低肠上皮细胞连接蛋白表达,增加肠道通透性,导致内毒素和炎症因子升高,并潜在影响骨骼肌、骨骼和呼吸道结构与功能;橘皮素干预增加肠上皮细胞连接蛋白表达,修复肠道屏障损伤,并降低炎症因子和氧化应激水平,促进肠道菌群优化(益生菌丰度增加);长期橘皮素干预对运动效益具有积极效果,表现为骨骼肌总量增加、合成代谢比值提高、骨骼流失降低、呼吸道炎症减弱,最大摄氧量、爆发力等素质展现出改善趋势。

高强度耐力运动对食源性肥胖小鼠肝脏CLK2、PGC-1α和PPARα表达的影响

目的:研究高强度耐力运动对食源性肥胖小鼠肝脏蛋白CLK2、PGC-1α和PPARα的影响。方法:雄性4周龄C57BL/6J小鼠,先常规饲料适应性喂养1周,再通过8周高脂饲料喂养建立食源性肥胖小鼠模型,对照小鼠使用常规饲料喂养。肥胖小鼠经1周适应性跑台运动后进行高强度耐力跑台运动,对照小鼠不进行运动训练。运动训练进行8周后获取各组小鼠肝脏并称量肝脏质量;取部分肝脏组织进行HE染色,观察肝脏细胞形态,剩余肝脏组织通过Western Blot方法检测CLK2、PGC-1α和PPARα的表达情况并进行组间比较。结果:①食源性肥胖小鼠肝脏质量明显增加,肝细胞正常形态受到破坏;②高脂诱导能明显增加肝脏CLK2和PGC-1α表达,明显减少PPARα表达;③高强度耐力运动能有效减轻肥胖小鼠肝脏质量并恢复肝细胞正常形态;④高强度耐力运动能明显减少肥胖小鼠肝脏CLK2和PGC-1α表达,明显增加PPARα表达。结论:高强度耐力运动能够明显减少肝脏的脂质积累,改善肝脏脂质代谢情况。

Exercise training in heart transplantation

Heart transplantation remains the gold standard in the treatment of end-stage heart failure(HF).Heart transplantation patients present lower exercise capacity due to cardiovascular and musculoskeletal alterations leading thus to poor quality of life and reduction in the ability of daily self-service.Impaired vascular function and diastolic dysfunction cause lower cardiac output while decreased skeletal muscle oxidative fibers,enzymes and capillarity cause arteriovenous oxygen difference,leading thus to decreased peak oxygen uptake in heart transplant recipients.Exercise training improves exercise capacity,cardiac and vascular endothelial function in heart transplant recipients.Pre-rehabilitation regular aerobic or combined exercise is beneficial for patients with end-stage HF awaiting heart transplantation in order to maintain a higher fitness level and reduce complications afterwards like intensive care unit acquired weakness or cardiac cachexia.All hospitalized patients after heart transplantation should be referred to early mobilization of skeletal muscles through kinesiotherapy of the upper and lower limbs and respiratory physiotherapy in order to prevent infections of the respiratory system prior to hospital discharge.Moreover,all heart transplant recipients after hospital discharge who have not already participated in an early cardiac rehabilitation program should be referred to a rehabilitation center by their health care provider.Although high intensity interval training seems to have more benefits than moderate intensity continuous training,especially in stable transplant patients,individualized training based on the abilities and needs of each patient still remains the most appropriate approach.Cardiac rehabilitation appears to be safe in heart transplant patients.However,long-term follow-up data is incomplete and,therefore,further high quality and adequately-powered studies are needed to demonstrate the long-term benefits of exercise training in this population.

Importance of physical capacity and the effects of exercise in heart transplant recipients

One of the most important prognostic factors in heart failure patients is physical capacity. Patients with very poor physical performance and otherwise eligible, may be listed as candidates for heart transplantation(HTx). After such surgery, life-long immunosuppression therapy is needed to prevent rejection of the new heart. The dark side of immunosuppression is the increased risk of infections, kidney failure, cancer and advanced atherosclerosis(cardiac allograft vasculopathy), with the two latter conditions as the main causes of later mortality. In a worldwide perspective, 50% of the HTx patients survive past 10 years. Poor aerobic capacity prior to graft deterioration is not only limited to the failing heart, but also caused by peripheral factors, such as limited function in the skeletal muscles and in the blood vessels walls. Exercise rehabilitation after HTx is of major importance in order to improve physical capacity and prognosis. Effects of high-intensity interval training(HIT) in HTx recipients is a growing field of research attracting worldwide focus and interest. Accumulating evidence has shown that HIT is safe and efficient in maintenance HTx recipients; with superior effects on physical capacity compared to conventional moderate exercise. This article generates further evidence to the field by summarizing results from a decade of research performed at our center supported by a broad, but not strict formal, literature review. In short, this article demonstrates a strong association between physical capacity measured after HTx and long-term survival. It describes the possible "HITeffect" with increased levels of inflammatory mediators of angiogenesis. It also describes long-term effects of HIT; showing a positive effect in development of anxiety symptoms despite that the improved physical capacity was not sustained, due to downregulation ofexercise and intensity. Finally, our results are linked to the ongoing HITTS study, which investigates safety and efficiency of HIT in de novo HTx recipients. Together with previous results, this study may have the potential to change existing guidelines and contribute to a better prognosis for the HTx population as a whole.

间歇性高强度训练-耐力运动联合前列地尔对冠心病合并糖尿病患者心肺康复的影响

目的探讨间歇性高强度训练-耐力运动联合前列地尔对冠心病合并糖尿病患者心肺康复的影响。方法前瞻性选取2020年1月至2023年1月南京脑科医院收治的冠心病并糖尿病患者104例,按随机数字表法分成常规组与间歇高强度组,每组各52例。两组均给予前列地尔治疗,用药2周,常规组进行常规康复指导,间歇高强度组采用间歇性高强度训练-耐力运动模式,康复训练干预12周。比较两组干预前后的心功能指标[左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室收缩末内径(LVESD)、左室舒张末内径(LVEDD)、心输出量(CO)]、肺功能指标[第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)、FEV1/FVC、最大自主通气量(MVV)]、运动耐力指标[运动持续时间(ED)、无氧阈值(AT)、峰值摄氧量(VO 2peak)],记录两组再发心绞痛、心力衰竭、恶性心律失常发生率与再住院率。结果干预后,两组LVEF、CO均高于干预前,LVESD、LVEDD均低于干预前,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后间歇高强度组LVEF、CO分别为(65.32±2.87)%、(4.67±0.17)L/min,均高于常规组[(61.29±3.55)%、(4.44±0.24)L/min],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),但两组LVESD、LVEDD比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预后,两组FEV1、FVC、FEV1/FVC、MVV均高于干预前,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后间歇高强度组FEV1、FEV1/FVC、MVV水平分别为(1.73±0.31)L、0.70±0.09、(75.31±1.18)L/min,均高于常规组[(1.59±0.24)L、0.65±0.07、(73.67±1.65)L/min],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),但两组FVC比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预后,两组ED、AT、VO 2peak均高于干预前,且间歇高强度组ED、AT、VO 2peak分别为(439.65±15.59)s、(14.91±0.87)mL·min^(-1)·kg^(-1)、(20.05±1.37)mL·min^(-1)·kg^(-1),均高于常规组[(411.08±12.88)s、(14.60±0.62)mL·min^(-1)·kg^(-1)、(18.64±1.05)mL·min^(-1)·kg^(-1)],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。间歇高强度组不良事件发生率及住院率均为3.85%,与常规组(9.62%、11.54%)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论间歇性高强度训练-耐力运动联合前列地尔能提高冠心病并糖尿病患者的心肺功能与运动耐力,但对近期不良事件发生率与再住院率未见明显影响。

高强度间歇训练在航天失重防护中的应用

失重环境暴露时,体液的头向分布会导致心血管功能紊乱,去重力性卸荷会导致神经及肌肉发生退行性适应,从而使航天员重返地球重力环境时面临众多挑战,严重时甚至威胁航天员的健康和安全。运动锻炼虽然是最为有效的失重对抗防护措施,但当前基于传统运动锻炼的失重防护方案耗时过多。高强度间歇训练(HIIT)作为一种广泛应用于竞技体育的高效训练策略,可通过高强度运动结合小低度间歇或主动休息的重复组合在短期内快速提升人体运动表现。采用不同模式的HIIT训练组合可同时改善心肺健康和神经肌肉功能。HIIT或许是一种更为有效的运动锻炼失重防护策略。笔者通过对HIIT分类、作用机制和训练效果决定因素的系统综述,并对在太空失重环境中执行HIIT进行了可行性分析,提出HIIT或许可以成为当前空间站航天员运动锻炼方案的优化策略,从而更为有效地节约资源。因此,有必要首先采取地基模拟失重实验对各种拟用于航天员失重防护的HIIT训练方案进行深入研究和充分验证。

不同强度运动抑制糖尿病大鼠肾脏PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路改善自噬的比较

背景:2型糖尿病损害肾功能。研究表明运动干预可以保护肾脏;鸢尾素可以通过抑制磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B/雷帕霉素靶蛋白信号通路恢复自噬,保护糖尿病肾病患者的肾功能。目的:探讨运动能否通过抑制肾脏磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B/雷帕霉素靶蛋白信号通路过度激活来恢复自噬,改善肾损伤,以及分析不同方式运动产生影响的差异。方法:将6周龄的SD大鼠随机分为空白对照组(正常大鼠)和糖尿病组,其中糖尿病组大鼠经过高脂高糖喂养加腹腔注射低剂量1%链脲佐菌素(30 mg/kg)建立2型糖尿病模型。造模成功后再将糖尿病组大鼠随机分成糖尿病模型组、中强度持续运动组和高强度间歇运动组。两个运动组大鼠分别进行8周不同强度运动干预。取材后采用葡萄糖氧化酶法检测大鼠空腹血糖,使用试剂盒检测糖化血红蛋白水平,Elisa法检测血清胰岛素浓度,计算胰岛素抵抗指数,RT-PCR检测肾组织磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶、蛋白激酶B、雷帕霉素靶蛋白、Beclin-1、podocin、nephrin的基因表达量,Western Blot检测肾组织雷帕霉素靶蛋白及自噬标记蛋白LC3-1、LC3-2、Beclin-1的蛋白表达量。结果与结论:①2型糖尿病大鼠空腹血糖和糖化血红蛋白水平极显著性升高,胰岛素抵抗水平显著上升,胰岛素水平显著下降;两种运动均能使2型糖尿病大鼠空腹血糖和糖化血红蛋白水平极显著下降,胰岛素抵抗水平显著下降,胰岛素水平显著上升;与中强度持续运动组相比,高强度间歇运动组胰岛素水平显著上升。②2型糖尿病大鼠podocin、nephrin基因表达量显著降低;两种不同形式运动均能显著提高其表达;与高强度间歇运动组相比,中等强度持续性运动组足细胞相关蛋白基因表达有进一步上升趋势,但无显著性差异。③2型糖尿病大鼠肾组织磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶、蛋白激酶B、mTORC1的mRNA及蛋白的表达量显著增加,自噬标志蛋白Beclin-1、LC3-2表达量以及LC3-2/LC3-1显著降低;两种不同形式运动均能使肾组织磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶、蛋白激酶B、mTORC1的mRNA及雷帕霉素靶蛋白蛋白的表达量显著降低,自噬标志蛋白Beclin-1、LC3-2以及LC3-2/LC3-1显著升高;与中等强度持续性运动组相比,高强度间歇运动的磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶、蛋白激酶B、mTORC1的mRNA及雷帕霉素靶蛋白的蛋白表达量有进一步下降的趋势,Beclin-1、LC3-2以及LC3-2/LC3-1有进一步升高的趋势,但仅Beclin-1有显著性差异。④结果说明2型糖尿病肾脏足细胞损伤,自噬受到抑制,与磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B/mTORC1信号通路被异常激活密切相关。高强度间歇运动和中等强度持续性运动可以保护糖尿病肾脏,减少足细胞损伤,促进自噬恢复,这可能与运动抑制磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B/雷帕霉素靶蛋白信号通路过度激活有关。与中等强度持续性运动相比,高强度间歇运动恢复自噬的效果呈更优趋势,但足细胞蛋白表达稍有下降。

高强度运动状态下肌肉力量指标数据提取方法

与一般运动状态不同,在高强度运动状态下,由于肌肉力量数据指标特征复杂,数据转化效果差,导致指标数据提取结果与运动状态适配度低。设计一种针对高强度运动状态下的肌肉力量指标提取方法。使用等速肌力测试法,设计优化的肌肉力量测试流程,对肌肉力量测试数据转化,将复杂指标特征约束简单化;采用归一化平均提取方法,提取关键肌肉力量指标,实现高强度运动状态下肌肉力量指标数据提取。实验结果表明,该方法可提高肌肉力量数据的提取质量,数据剔除率低,保证了肌肉力量指标提取结果与运动状态的适配性。

植物乳杆菌对小鼠高强度运动后肌肉损伤的缓解作用及机制研究

为探究2株植物乳杆菌对高强度运动后小鼠肌肉损伤及肌肉能量代谢能力下降的缓解效果及其与肠道内环境变化的关系,通过6周的负重游泳构建了高强度运动小鼠模型,同时以植物乳杆菌进行干预;在无负重游泳30 min后,检测了植物乳杆菌干预(6周,2×108 CFU/d)后小鼠的相关生化指标及肠道菌群的变化情况。结果表明,高强度运动造模导致小鼠肌肉中的肌乳酸含量显著上升,血清中乳酸脱氢酶及肌酸激酶活性显著上升;其中,植物乳杆菌73L1干预后显著逆转这一变化,提示该植物乳杆菌可缓解腓肠肌高强度运动下的乳酸堆积和肌肉损伤;此外,该植物乳杆菌的干预显著提高了小鼠肠道中Oscillibacter的相对丰度,降低Candidatus Saccharimonas和Ruminococcaceae UCG-005的相对丰度;相关性分析表明,Candidatus Saccharimonas的相对丰度与乳酸脱氢酶活性呈显著正相关(P<0.001)。综上所述,植物乳杆菌73L1具有良好的缓解高强度运动造成的小鼠肌肉损伤的能力,而此能力与其对肠道菌群的特定调节存在显著相关性。这些结果提示,降低肠道Candidatus Saccharimonas的相对丰度可能是植物乳杆菌73L1缓解高强度运动所导致的小鼠肌肉损伤的潜在作用机制。

中低强度运动干预高脂饲养小鼠膝关节损伤软骨细胞LncRNA HOTAIR的表达

背景:中低强度有氧运动对膝关节软骨具有一定保护作用。长链非编码RNA对基因调节具有重要作用,其中,HOTAIR可以动员多个转录共同抑制因子,抑制某些基因表达。目的:检测HOTAIR及相关因子在高脂饲养小鼠及中低强度运动干预后膝关节软骨细胞中表达水平,探讨其在软骨损伤及运动康复中的作用。方法:C57BL/6雄性小鼠30只,随机分为对照组(正常饲养)、高脂静养组和高脂运动组,每组10只。高脂运动组进行8周中低强度跑台运动,对照组和高脂静养组笼中饲养,期间每周日称体质量。8周跑台结束后取材双下肢,采用Micro CT扫描膝关节,股骨髁成3D图像,获取相关参数;膝关节苏木精-伊红和番红固绿染色进行关节Mankin和OARSI评分;RT-PCR检测相关软骨代谢指标Ⅱ型胶原、基质金属蛋白酶13、白细胞介素1,脂代谢指标低密度脂蛋白受体相关蛋白5(LRP5),HOTAIR及其下游因子赖氨酸特异性去甲基化酶1(LSD1)mRNA表达。结果与结论:①高脂静养组和高脂运动组体质量均高于对照组(P<0.01),高脂运动组体质量低于高脂静养组(P<0.05);②高脂静养组和高脂运动组骨小梁连接密度均高于对照组(P<0.01);③高脂静养组Mankin和OARSI评分高于对照组(P<0.01)和高脂运动组(P<0.05);④对照组Ⅱ型胶原mRNA表达高于高脂运动组(P<0.05)和高脂静养组(P<0.01),高脂运动组Ⅱ型胶原mRNA表达高于高脂静养组(P<0.01);⑤高脂静养组基质金属蛋白酶13、白细胞介素1、低密度脂蛋白受体相关蛋白5、HOTAIR和赖氨酸特异性去甲基化酶1 mRNA表达高于对照组和高脂运动组(P<0.01);⑥结论:高脂饲养造成小鼠股骨髁骨质增加、膝关节软骨磨损,软骨细胞代谢紊乱,这一过程中HOTAIR的表达增加。8周中低强度跑台可减轻小鼠体质量、减缓膝关节软骨磨损、改善软骨细胞功能和下调HOTAIR表达。

高强度运动对氧化-抗氧化内稳态的提升

为了探讨高强度训练对SD大鼠OAH品质的提高,将30只SD大鼠随机分为训练干预组与安静对照组。训练干预组以坡度10%、28 m/min、每次60 min、每天1次、每周5 d条件下于跑台上运动8周;安静对照组不施加运动干预措施。在最后一次训练结束72 h即刻进行腓肠肌与血清的取材。检测指标为骨骼肌与血清的丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、总超氧化物歧化酶(total super oxide dismutase,TSOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)和还原型谷胱甘肽(reduced glutathione,RGSH)。结果发现:骨骼肌与血清中的RGSH含量和TSOD活性显著性增高;MDA在血清中显著性降低,但在骨骼肌中显著性升高;CAT活性在血清中显著性增高,但在骨骼肌中不变。实验表明:高强度训练能够实现SD大鼠OAH升级。

高强度间歇训练和中等强度持续训练对中老年肥胖女性心血管危险生物标记物的影响

目的:比较8周高强度间歇训练(HIIT)和中等强度持续训练(MICT)对中老年肥胖女性体成分及心血管危险生物标记物相关指标的影响效果,为HIIT和MICT降低心血管风险提供理论和实践依据,为中老年肥胖女性选取适合高效的运动方式提供参考。方法:34名符合研究标准的中老年肥胖女性随机分为HIIT组(n=13)、MICT组(n=12)和对照组(CON组,n=9)。受试者均在干预前进行实验室VO_(2max)测试,以此确定相应运动负荷,HIIT组以80%~85%VO_(2max)强度运动2 min、30%VO_(2max)强度运动1 min为1组,重复10组。MICT组以65%VO_(2max)强度持续运动30 min。两运动组均采用功率自行车完成为期8周、3次/周的运动干预,CON组保持原有生活方式不变。在干预前后分别测试受试者体重、体脂量、肌肉量、体脂率及血清超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、内皮素-1(ET-1)、脂蛋白a[Lp(a)]、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平。结果:与干预前相比,干预8周后HIIT组体脂量、体脂率显著降低(P<0.05),肌肉量显著增加(P<0.05),MICT组体脂量、体脂率、肌肉量无显著变化(P>0.05);HIIT组hs-CRP、ET-1显著降低(P<0.01),Lp(a)、Hcy无显著性变化(P>0.05),MICT组hs-CRP、ET-1、Lp(a)、Hcy无显著变化(P>0.05),CON组Hcy、Lp(a)显著升高(P<0.01)。干预前后变化值的组间比较显示,HIIT组hs-CRP(P<0.05)、Lp(a)(P<0.05)、Hcy(P<0.01)的降低幅度显著高于CON组,MICT组Hcy降低幅度显著高于CON组(P<0.05)。组间比较两运动组干预效果均无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:HIIT在改善中老年肥胖女性体成分,降低血清hs-CRP、ET-1方面优于MICT,对改善慢性炎症状态及血管内皮功能有积极作用,可在一定程度上降低中老年肥胖女性心血管疾病的患病危险。

p38、NF-κB、IL-6在长期大强度运动诱导大鼠骨骼肌发生中的作用

目的:研究p38、NF-κB、IL-6在长期大强度运动诱导肌肉发生过程中的作用。方法:18只雄性SD大鼠分为3组,C组(安静组)、E组(2周运动组)、I组(2周运动并施加NF-κB阻断剂PDTC)。检测C、E组大鼠腓肠肌的质量、p38、Phospho-p38、p65、Phospho-p65、IL-6mRNA、MRFsmRNA、MEF2cmRNA,I组检测腓肠肌的质量、IL-6mRNA、MRFsmRNA、MEF2cmRNA。结果:与C组相比,E组大鼠腓肠肌的质量、Phospho-p38、Phospho-p65、MyoDmRNA、MyoGmRNA、Myf-5mRNA、MEF2cmRNA上升,但p38、p65、IL-6mR-NA、MRF4mRNA未变;与E组相比,I组大鼠腓肠肌质量、MyoDmRNA、MyoGmRNA、Myf-5mRNA、MEF2cmRNA降低,但IL-6mRNA、MRF4mRNA未改变。结论:p38/NF-κB/MyoD、MyoG、Myf-5、MEF2c介导了长时间运动诱发的肌肉发生过程,但IL-6可能没有参与其中。