Effect of casting process on the inner-wall band segregation of high-strength antisulfur pipes

Controlling inner-wall band segregation is one of the difficulties in the production of high-strength antisulfur pipes.Comparative tests were carried out on different casting processes(superheat,mold electromagnetic stirring,end electromagnetic stirring,casting speed and soft reduction)for the smelting of high-strength antisulfur pipes.The microstructures of continuous-casting billets and hot-rolled or tempered pipes were analyzed using a metallographic microscope and scanning electron microscope.The mechanism and evolution law regarding the inner-wall band segregation of high-strength antisulfur pipes were studied,and the influence of different casting processes was explored.

Designing new low alloyed Mg-RE alloys with high strength and ductility via high-speed extrusion

Two new low-alloyed Mg-2RE-0.8Mn-0.6Ca-0.5Zn(wt%,RE=Sm or Y)alloys are developed,which can be produced on an in-dustrial scale via relatively high-speed extrusion.These two alloys are not only comparable to commercial AZ31 alloy in extrudability,but also have superior mechanical properties,especially in terms of yield strength(YS).The excellent extrudability is related to less coarse second-phase particles and high initial melting point of the two as-cast alloys.The high strength-ductility mainly comes from the formation of fine grains,nano-spaced submicron/nano precipitates,and weak texture.Moreover,it is worth noting that the YS of the two alloys can maintain above 160 MPa at elevated temperature of 250°C,significantly higher than that of AZ31 alloy(YS:45 MPa).The Zn/Ca solute segregation at grain boundaries,the improved heat resistance of matrix due to addition of RE,and the high melting points of strengthening particles(Mn,MgZn_(2),and Mg-Zn-RE/Mg-Zn-RE-Ca)are mainly responsible for the excellent high-temperature strength.

Ultrahigh strength and improved electrical conductivity in an aging strengthened copper alloy processed by combination of equal channel angular pressing and thermomechanical treatment

In this paper,equal channel angular pressing and thermomechanical treatment was employed to improve the strength and electrical conductivity of an aging strengthened Cu-Ti-Cr-Mg alloy,and the microstructure and properties of the alloy were investigated in detail.The results showed that the samples deformed by the combination of cryogenic equal channel angular pressing(ECAP)and rolling had good comprehensive properties after aging at 400℃.The tensile strength of the peak-aged and over-aged samples was 1120 MPa and 940 MPa,with their corresponding electrical conductivity of 14.7%IACS and 22.1%IACS,respectively.ECAP and cryogenic rolling introduced high density dislocations,leading to the inhibition of the softening effects and refinement of the grains.After a long time aging at 400℃,the alloy exhibited ultra-high strength with obvious increasing electrical conductivity.The high strength was attributed to the synergistic effect of work hardening,grain refinement strengthening and precipitation strengthening.The precipitation of a large amount of Ti atoms from the matrix led to the high electrical conductivity of the over-aged sample.

Various admixtures to mitigate the long-term strength retrogression of Portland cement cured under high pressure and high temperature conditions

In order to investigate the problem of long-term strength retrogression in oil well cement systems exposed to high pressure and high temperature(HPHT)curing conditions,various influencing factors,including cement sources,particle sizes of silica flour,and additions of silica fume,alumina,colloidal iron oxide and nano-graphene,were investigated.To simulate the environment of cementing geothermal wells and deep wells,cement slurries were directly cured at 50 MPa and 200?C.Mineral compositions(as determined by X-ray diffraction Rietveld refinement),water permeability,compressive strength and Young’s modulus were used to evaluate the qualities of the set cement.Short-term curing(2e30 d)test results indicated that the adoption of 6 m m ultrafine crystalline silica played the most important role in stabilizing the mechanical properties of oil well cement systems,while the addition of silica fume had a detrimental effect on strength stability.Long-term curing(2e180 d)test results indicated that nano-graphene could stabilize the Young’s modulus of oil well cement systems.However,none of the ad-mixtures studied here can completely prevent the strength retrogression phenomenon due to their inability to stop the conversion of amorphous to crystalline phases.

Anisotropic strength,deformation and failure of gneiss granite under high stress and temperature coupled true triaxial compression

The anisotropic mechanical behavior of rocks under high-stress and high-temperature coupled conditions is crucial for analyzing the stability of surrounding rocks in deep underground engineering.This paper is devoted to studying the anisotropic strength,deformation and failure behavior of gneiss granite from the deep boreholes of a railway tunnel that suffers from high tectonic stress and ground temperature in the eastern tectonic knot in the Tibet Plateau.High-temperature true triaxial compression tests are performed on the samples using a self-developed testing device with five different loading directions and three temperature values that are representative of the geological conditions of the deep underground tunnels in the region.Effect of temperature and loading direction on the strength,elastic modulus,Poisson’s ratio,and failure mode are analyzed.The method for quantitative identification of anisotropic failure is also proposed.The anisotropic mechanical behaviors of the gneiss granite are very sensitive to the changes in loading direction and temperature under true triaxial compression,and the high temperature seems to weaken the inherent anisotropy and stress-induced deformation anisotropy.The strength and deformation show obvious thermal degradation at 200℃due to the weakening of friction between failure surfaces and the transition of the failure pattern in rock grains.In the range of 25℃ 200℃,the failure is mainly governed by the loading direction due to the inherent anisotropy.This study is helpful to the in-depth understanding of the thermal-mechanical behavior of anisotropic rocks in deep underground projects.

Combined use of fly ash and silica to prevent the long-term strength retrogression of oil well cement set and cured at HPHT conditions

The long-term strength retrogression of silica-enriched oil well cement poses a significant threat to wellbore integrity in deep and ultra-deep wells, which is a major obstacle for deep petroleum and geothermal energy development. Previous attempts to address this problem has been unsatisfactory because they can only reduce the strength decline rate. This study presents a new solution to this problem by incorporating fly ash to the traditional silica-cement systems. The influences of fly ash and silica on the strength retrogression behavior of oil well cement systems directly set and cured under the condition of 200°C and 50 MPa are investigated. Test results indicate that the slurries containing only silica or fly ash experience severe strength retrogression from 2 to 30 d curing, while the slurries containing both fly ash and silica experience strength enhancement from 2 to 90 d. The strength test results are corroborated by further evidences from permeability tests as well as microstructure analysis of set cement. Composition of set cement evaluated by quantitative X-ray diffraction analyses with partial or no known crystal structure(PONKCS) method and thermogravimetry analyses revealed that the conversion of amorphous C-(A)-S-H to crystalline phases is the primary cause of long-term strength retrogression.The addition of fly ash can reduce the initial amount of C-(A)-S-H in the set cement, and its combined use with silica can prevent the crystallization of C-(A)-S-H, which is believed to be the working mechanism of this new admixture in improving long-term strength stability of oil well cement systems.

Product Development of High Strength and Toughness Spring Flat Steel

With the continuous development of mechanical industry,higher requirements are put forward for the comprehensive properties of spring steel.The chemical composition and production process of spring flat steel are designed to meet the requirements of high strength and high toughness of spring flat steel,through the test,the product surface quality and internal quality all meet the national standards,the performance indicators to meet user requirements.

Fatigue Life Estimation of High Strength 2090-T83 Aluminum Alloy under Pure Torsion Loading Using Various Machine Learning Techniques

The ongoing effort to create methods for detecting and quantifying fatigue damage is motivated by the high levels of uncertainty in present fatigue-life prediction approaches and the frequently catastrophic nature of fatigue failure.The fatigue life of high strength aluminum alloy 2090-T83 is predicted in this study using a variety of artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques for constant amplitude and negative stress ratios(R?1).Artificial neural networks(ANN),adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems(ANFIS),support-vector machines(SVM),a random forest model(RF),and an extreme-gradient tree-boosting model(XGB)are trained using numerical and experimental input data obtained from fatigue tests based on a relatively low number of stress measurements.In particular,the coefficients of the traditional force law formula are found using relevant numerical methods.It is shown that,in comparison to traditional approaches,the neural network and neuro-fuzzy models produce better results,with the neural network models trained using the boosting iterations technique providing the best performances.Building strong models from weak models,XGB helps to predict fatigue life by reducing model partiality and variation in supervised learning.Fuzzy neural models can be used to predict the fatigue life of alloys more accurately than neural networks and traditional methods.

Microstructure Distribution Characteristics of High-Strength Aluminum Alloy Thin-Walled Tubes during Multi-Passes Hot Power Backward Spinning Process

The microstructure of the thin-walled tubes with high-strength aluminum alloy determines their final forming quality and performance. This type of tube can be manufactured by multi-pass hot power backward spinning process as it can eliminate casting defects, refine microstructure and improve the plasticity of the tube. To analyze the microstructure distribution characteristics of the tube during the spinning process, a 3D coupled thermo-mechanical FE model coupled with the microstructure evolution model of the process was established under the ABAQUS environment. The microstructure evolution characteristics and laws of the tube for the whole spinning process were analyzed. The results show that the dynamic recrystallization is mainly produced in the spinning deformation zone and root area of the tube. In the first pass, the dynamic recrystallization phenomenon is not obvious in the tube. With the pass increasing, the trend of dynamic recrystallization volume percentage gradually increases and extends from the outer surface of the tube to the inner surface. The fine-grained area shows the states of concentration, dispersion, and re-concentration as the pass number increases. .

新型承插式螺栓连接柱-柱节点抗拉性能研究

为实现模块化钢结构单元房间的上下连接,提出一种新型承插式螺栓连接柱-柱节点,以有无注浆、承插深度为参数设计并制作3个足尺节点试件,并对其进行抗拉试验,分析了各节点的破坏形态、应变分布以及承载能力等,探讨了该新型节点的抗拉性能.建立了数值分析模型,进行了轴拉荷载作用下的受力性能参数化分析,研究了承插深度、螺栓直径及内套筒厚度对节点抗拉承载力的影响.基于高强螺栓的抗剪承载力,提出了适用于该新型节点的抗拉承载力计算公式.研究结果表明:该新型节点可将轴向拉力有效传递至高强螺栓,试件破坏时均出现高强螺栓群被剪断,灌浆节点试件发生破坏时,出现钢材与灌浆料界面的黏结破坏及螺栓周围局部灌浆料的压碎;高强螺栓群在拉力荷载作用下呈端部螺栓受剪较大、中心螺栓受剪较小的分布,试件破坏时,各螺栓承受的剪力趋于相等;灌浆节点与无浆节点相比,灌浆料与高强螺栓协同工作性能良好,弹性阶段最大摩擦力平均值提高64.4%,极限抗拉承载力提高14.1%;承插深度由300 mm增至500 mm,节点极限抗拉承载力提高80.9%;承插深度和螺栓直径对节点抗拉承载力影响较大,内套筒厚度对节点抗拉承载力的影响较小;根据提出的节点抗拉承载力计算公式得到的计算值与有限元模拟值吻合良好.

超高强Ti-15Mo-2.7Nb-3Al-0.2Si钛合金的强化行为及模型

基于XRD、OM、SEM和TEM分析,研究超高强Ti-15Mo-2.7Nb-3Al-0.2Si钛合金的组织演变及强化行为。结果表明,位错强化和析出强化效应对该合金的屈服强度影响较大。冷轧+再结晶+冷轧+双时效组合工艺可获得1518 MPa的最高屈服强度,这主要归因于显微组织中的高密度残存位错及密集而细小的次生α相。建立复合强化模型,其预测误差在16.6%以内。此外,研究发现次生α相体积分数的增加可以不断强化晶内区域,这使得沿晶断裂开始出现并逐渐占据整个断裂面。

U型组合再生混凝土-高强混凝土梁抗火性能

为突破单一混凝土材料在受力和抗火两方面的性能难以协同优化的难题,该文创新性地提出U型组合再生混凝土-高强混凝土梁(简称为RAC-HSC组合梁),系统地开展了火灾试验和常温、火后受弯试验,综合分析了不同工况下组合梁的性能表现。研究表明:火灾下,RAC-HSC组合梁的耐火性能显著优于高强混凝土整浇梁,其梁内温度较低,跨中挠度较小,跨中未出现明显裂缝,且未观察到爆裂现象;常温及高温后的受弯试验中,RAC-HSC组合梁的屈服荷载、极限承载力及初始刚度均显著优于再生混凝土梁,基本达到或超过普通混凝土整浇梁和高强混凝土整浇梁的水平。该文所提出的U型组合再生混凝土-高强混凝土梁是混凝土构件“抗火-受力一体化设计”的有益尝试。

时效温度对Fe-30Mn-12Al-0.9C轻质高强钢组织和硬度的影响

针对高Al、高Mn含量的轻质高强钢Fe-30Mn-12Al-0.9C,研究了时效温度对该钢相组成、组织和硬度的影响,通过OM、XRD等分析了不同时效温度下其微观组织的演变规律。结果表明:在低温时效时,该钢的时效组织和固溶组织差异较小,主要为奥氏体+铁素体,晶内存在纳米级别κ-碳化物,硬度变化幅度较小;500℃时效时,组织中出现β-Mn,硬度开始升高;当时效温度为650℃时,组织发生明显改变,晶界出现大量β-Mn,硬度明显升高;当时效温度达到700℃时,奥氏体彻底分解为铁素体和κ-碳化物,伴随着晶界处β-Mn和κ-碳化物的聚集长大,材料的硬度达到最大值66.3 HRC。

钢-PVA混杂纤维高性能混凝土高温后残余力学性能试验研究

为探究3种因素钢纤维、聚乙烯醇(polyvinyl alcohol,PVA)纤维和矿粉对钢-PVA混杂纤维高性能混凝土(hybrid fiber high performance concrete,HFHPC)高温后残余力学性能的影响。对钢纤维、PVA纤维和矿粉3种因素各取3个水平,采用L_(9)(3^(3))方案进行正交设计,测试HFHPC遭受高温作用后的立方体抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度和抗折强度,并进行极差与方差分析。结果表明:钢纤维体积分数为2.0%时可以有效提高HFHPC的各项强度。PVA纤维能够抑制混凝土爆裂,与钢纤维混杂可体现优势互补。800℃时,当钢纤维体积分数为2.0%、PVA纤维体积分数为0.3%、矿粉掺量为10%时,HFHPC的抗压强度残余率与劈拉强度残余率达到最高,分别为60.23%和74.5%。当矿粉掺量大于10%时,HFHPC抗压强度可显著提高,而劈拉强度与抗折强度略有下降。最后分别建立了HFHPC立方体抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度和抗折强度的预测模型。

湿基α-半水石膏制备高强石膏制品研究

为实现湿基α-半水石膏制备高强石膏制品,研究了湿基α-半水石膏陈化时间、粉磨时间、浇筑料浆温度及缓凝剂掺量等工艺参数对高强石膏凝结时间和强度的影响,并确定最佳制备工艺。此外,采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜等微观测试手段,揭示了各因素对强度的影响机理。结果表明:陈化时间越长,石膏凝结时间越短,制品强度越低;随着粉磨时间延长,石膏凝结时间显著缩短,制品强度先升高后降低;料浆温度越高,石膏凝结时间越长,制品强度越低。最佳制备工艺:陈化时间5 min、粉磨时间20 s、料浆温度20℃。在此基础上加入0.08%(质量分数)缓凝剂能够有效地延长石膏凝结时间并提高硬化强度,制备的石膏制品性能优异,绝干抗折强度为14.1 MPa,绝干抗压强度为58.3 MPa。微观测试结果表明,各工艺参数会通过改变石膏标稠用水量和水化进程来影响石膏内部结构的密实程度和二水石膏晶体的生长发育,最终影响制品硬化强度。

Q460高强钢管柱-H形梁焊接节点循环拉伸性能试验研究

为研究Q460高强钢管柱-H形梁焊接节点在地震作用下的力学行为,对11个梁翼缘板与柱段焊接组成的节点进行了低周循环拉伸性能试验,研究了梁翼缘板与钢管宽度比α、厚度比β以及钢管宽厚比λ等参数对节点破坏模式、承载力、延性和耗能能力的影响规律。结果表明:在循环拉伸荷载作用下,Q460高强钢管柱-H形梁焊接节点的失效模式主要分为连接处焊缝断裂、连接处钢管面板断裂或梁翼缘板被拉断三种;高强钢梁翼缘板与钢管宽度比、钢管柱宽厚比对焊接节点的受力行为影响较大,当宽厚比α由25.0减小到18.75时,节点的应变能减小了134%;当节点破坏时,具有新型焊接通过孔构造的焊接节点极限位移超过传统构造节点近2倍,前者延性性能较好。研究成果可为高强钢管柱与梁焊接节点的抗震设计以及进一步的理论研究提供依据。

高含水油藏CO_(2)人工气顶驱油-封存适宜条件研究

针对水驱油藏开发进入高含水阶段后,剩余油常富集在构造高部位或厚油层顶部,井网控制不到的问题,利用油藏自身特点注CO_(2)形成气顶驱,可有效改善开发效果并实现CO_(2)封存,但什么样的油藏适宜开展气顶驱尚待研究。通过剖析典型高含水油藏CO_(2)气顶驱见效特征,分析气顶驱油过程中油气界面移动规律,结合数值模拟、物理模拟,以提高采收率幅度、换油率、到达极限气油比时间、存气率等为主要评价标准,研究地层倾角、原油密度、黏度、油藏封闭性、渗透率、水动力强弱等相关参数对CO_(2)气顶驱油-封存效果的影响。按照到达极限气油比时提高采收率的幅度大小,评价各参数对驱油--封存效果的影响程度,确定高含水期油藏的CO_(2)气顶驱油-封存筛选条件主要受油藏封闭性、地层倾角、原油黏度、油层渗透率及厚度影响,为拓展CO_(2)驱应用范围提供了依据。

自硬-微波加热复合硬化硅酸盐粘结剂砂性能研究

针对自硬硅酸盐粘结剂砂用于铸铁件时存在硬化速度慢、对环境湿度敏感、砂型(芯)强度低、溃散性差四个问题,本文选择一种新型硅酸盐粘结剂,以陶瓷砂为原砂,在采用固化剂自硬的基础上,还通过微波加热以及添加粉末促硬剂,进行了复合硬化工艺的研究。首先,研究了微波加热工艺参数对型砂试样性能的影响,确定了优化微波加热工艺:加热功率为900 W、加热时间为180 s;而后,选用了三种粉末促硬剂进行优化,得到的最佳粉末添加剂优化方案为粘结剂2.2%、微硅粉0.2%、氧化铝0.2%、石英粉0.06%。结果表明,该组优化方案相比较不加入粉末添加剂,使砂型(芯)1 h强度提高至1.86 MPa,24 h强度提高至2.17 MPa,98%RH吸湿强度提高至1.45 MPa,800℃残留强度降低至0.75 MPa,其常温强度值和残留强度值分别达到和接近自硬树脂砂的水平。

采用高压固溶制备具有均匀腐蚀行为的高强度抗菌Zn-4Ag-Mn合金

采用高压固溶(HPS)法制备Zn-4Ag-Mn合金,获得高强度、可均匀降解、抗菌的植入材料。显微组织表征表明,HPS处理使Zn-4Ag-Mn合金晶粒比铸态(AC)合金的细化57.9%,其第二相平均尺寸减小到10.2μm。压缩、维氏硬度和磨损摩擦试验表明,HPS合金具有较高的力学性能,抗压屈服强度为333.5MPa,维氏硬度为Hv 89.5。电化学腐蚀和浸泡腐蚀试验表明,HPS处理优化合金的耐蚀性,使其腐蚀均匀。此外。经抗菌实验测试,HPS处理的Zn-4Ag-Mn合金具有优异的抗菌性能,抗菌率为71.6%。这些结果表明,HPS处理的Zn-4Ag-Mn是一种很有前途的生物可降解植入材料。

纤维特征参数对HES-HDC单轴拉伸性能的影响及拉伸韧性评价方法

为探究高早强高延性混凝土(HES-HDC)在不同PE纤维直径与体积率下的单轴拉伸力学性能,设计了17组薄板试件进行单轴拉伸试验,研究PE纤维直径(22μm和25μm)及体积率(1.00%、1.25%和1.50%)对不同龄期(2 h、24 h、7 d、28 d和56 d)HES-HDC应力-应变曲线、拉伸强度和应变的影响;根据试验结果提出了HDC拉伸韧性评价方法.结果表明:在拉伸荷载作用下,HES-HDC应力-应变曲线展示出应变强化特性,破坏过程呈多裂缝开展;2 h龄期时,HES-HDC拉伸强度与应变达到3.29 MPa和0.88%以上;28 d时,HES-HDC拉伸应变可保持在1.28%以上;当纤维体积率为1.00%时,小直径纤维对试件拉伸应变有利,而大直径纤维对试件拉伸强度有利;综合大直径纤维试件拉伸强度与应变,纤维最佳体积率为1.25%.提出的拉伸韧性评价方法可评价HDC薄板受拉全过程的韧性.随龄期的增长,HES-HDC拉伸韧性指数降低,而拉伸强度系数提高;小直径纤维试件的拉伸韧性高于大直径纤维试件;纤维体积率为1.25%时试件拉伸韧性最大.