Al−Cu−Li−Mg合金纳米相之间溶质配分行为的第一性原理研究

采用一性原理计算考察25种合金化元素在大多数商业牌号Al−Cu−Li−Mg合金中主要纳米相(δʹ-Al3Li、θʹ-Al2Cu、T1-Al6Cu4Li3和S-Al2CuMg)之间的溶质配分能和配分行为。计算结果表明,主合金化元素Li不能直接影响θʹ和S相,Cu不能直接影响δʹ相,Mg不能直接影响θʹ和δʹ相,但可以较弱地固溶于T1相。对于微合金化元素,Si是唯一一种可以固溶于4种纳米相的元素。Au能固溶于δʹ、θʹ和S相,Cd能固溶于δʹ、T1和S相,Zr能固溶于δʹ和T1相,Ni仅有微弱的趋势固溶于θʹ和S相。Ti、V、Zn、Ag和Mo只能固溶于δʹ相,而Cr、Mn、Fe和Co对这4种纳米相均没有直接影响。几乎所有的稀土元素均能强烈固溶于T1、δʹ和S相,但无法固溶于θʹ相。仅Sc略显特殊,对S相没有明显的固溶趋势。计算预测的溶质配分能构成了一个原型数据库,有利于指导和加速Al−Li合金及其他相关Al合金的设计。

微弧氧化后Mg-8Li合金表面MgLiAlY-LDHs@GO膜层的生长及耐蚀性能

目的提高Mg-8Li合金的耐蚀性能。方法首先在Mg-8Li合金表面制备微弧氧化膜(MAO),然后使用原位水热法在微弧氧化膜表面原位生长掺杂氧化石墨烯(GO)的四元(MgLiAlY)层状双羟基金属氧化物(LDHs)智能自修复膜层。采用SEM、XRD、FT-IR、EDS、ICP等手段研究MgLiAlY-LDHs@GO膜层的形貌、结构以及成分。通过EIS、Tafel以及浸泡试验等研究膜层的耐蚀性能,分析膜层的腐蚀行为,阐释其耐蚀机理。结果GO的掺杂可以促使LDHs纳米片生长得更加致密,主体层板中具有缓蚀作用的Y3+可以提高涂层的耐蚀性,四元LDHs的生长所需要的Mg^(2+)、Li^(+)、Al^(3+)等离子来源于镁锂合金基体以及微弧氧化膜的溶解,其中Li+也可以促进LDHs纳米片生长得更为均匀细密。膜层的腐蚀电流密度为6.03×10^(–7)A/cm^(2),比MAO膜层降低了1个数量级,提高了镁锂合金的耐蚀性能。结论GO的负载使LDHs的耐蚀性能和膜层稳定性均有一定程度的提升,引入稀土元素Y会改变LDHs的骨架,造成晶格畸变,使得LDHs微观形貌呈现褶皱状,剩下部分以Y(OH)3形式存在于涂层表面,可进一步提高膜层的耐蚀性能和稳定性。

Zn和Gd元素含量和比例对铸态和挤压态Mg-8Li合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

研究Zn和Gd元素含量及其质量比对铸态和挤压态Mg-8Li合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。挤压后,析出相破碎。β-Li中分散着粒径约100 nm的球形微粒。形成了由长条状α-Mg粗晶和再结晶β-Li细晶组成的双峰结构。挤压后合金的强度和塑性显著提高,且屈服强度和极限抗拉强度随Zn和Gd含量的增加而增加。Mg-8Li-8Zn-2Gd合金表现出最优的综合性能,其屈服强度、极限抗拉强度和伸长率分别为274 MPa、283 MPa和39.9%。挤压态合金主要强化机制为由β-Li的细晶强化和α-Mg的织构强化组成的双模态结构强化和析出相的弥散强化。

变形处理对Mg-Li合金显微组织演变和力学性能的影响

镁锂合金具有较高的比强度和比刚度、优秀的电磁屏蔽效应和阻尼性能等优点,是目前最轻的金属结构材料,在自动化、航空、交通运输、医疗等领域有广泛的应用前景。但是,和其他金属结构材料相比,镁锂合金的强度仍然偏低,需要对镁锂合金进行合金化或者变形处理来提高力学性能。总结了各类变形处理镁锂合金的研究现状,讨论了常规变形加工和剧烈塑性变形加工对镁锂合金显微组织和力学性能的影响,并总结了变形加工过程中形变量和温度对显微组织和力学性能的影响,以及镁锂合金的几种晶粒细化机制,阐述了镁锂合金在工业应用中遇到的问题。晶粒细化和加工硬化目前仍然是提高镁锂合金性能的主要手段。强调了几种变形和结构设计(异质材料),这将有助于镁锂合金的创新工作,从而得到高强度镁锂合金。

Mg^(2+)掺杂对富锂层状氧化物材料Li_(1.2)Mn_(0.54)Ni_(0.13)Co_(0.13)O_(2)的影响

Mg^(2+)作为一种电化学惰性的阳离子,由于其离子半径(0.072 nm)与Li^(+)的离子半径(0.076 nm)相近,因此被广泛应用于取代富锂层状氧化物(LLOs)材料中Li^(+)的位置。然而,Mg^(2+)对LLOs材料晶体结构的影响还存在争议。利用溶胶凝胶法成功制备了一系列Mg^(2+)掺杂富锂正极材料Li_(1.2-x)Mg_(x)Mn_(0.54)Ni_(0.13)Co_(0.13)O_(2),通过X射线衍射仪和X射线光电子能谱等对其晶体结构和元素价态进行了系统的研究。结果表明,Mg^(2+)掺杂导致LLOs材料晶胞参数的增加。通过与Li_(1.2)Mn_(0.54)Ni_(0.13)Co_(0.13)O_(2)材料的电化学性能对比发现,Mg^(2+)掺杂有效地提高了LLOs材料的电化学性能。经过优化后,Mg-0.03样品展现出最优异的电化学性能,在0.1 C倍率下的初始放电比容量为291.9 mA•h/g,首圈库伦效率为78.40%。

Synergistic effect of gradient Zn content and multiscale particles on the mechanical properties of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys with coupling distribution of coarse-fine grains

This study investigated the influence of graded Zn content on the evolution of precipitated and iron-rich phases and grain struc-ture of the alloys,designed and developed the Al–8.0Zn–1.5Mg–1.5Cu–0.2Fe(wt%)alloy with high strength and formability.With the increase of Zn content,forming the coupling distribution of multiscale precipitates and iron-rich phases with a reasonable matching ratio and dispersion distribution characteristics is easy.This phenomenon induces the formation of cell-like structures with alternate distribu-tion of coarse and fine grains,and the average plasticity–strain ratio(characterizing the formability)of the pre-aged alloy with a high strength is up to 0.708.Results reveal the evolution and influence mechanisms of multiscale second-phase particles and the corresponding high formability mechanism of the alloys.The developed coupling control process exhibits considerable potential,revealing remarkable improvements in the room temperature formability of high-strength Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys.

挤压比对双相Mg-8Li-6Zn-2Gd合金显微组织、织构和力学性能的影响

通过显微组织观察、织构分析和拉伸测试等手段研究挤压比对双相Mg-8Li-6Zn-2Gd合金显微组织、织构和力学性能的影响。结果表明:均匀化态Mg-8Li-6Zn-2Gd合金中含有α-Mg、β-Li、Mg Li Zn、I相和W相。经热挤压后,共晶I相被碾碎成细小颗粒状,而W相保持原有块状形状。合金中α-Mg基体和β-Li基体在热挤压过程中均发生了动态再结晶(DRX),且晶粒随着挤压比的增加逐渐细化。经热挤压后,α-Mg基体的基面织构弱化和柱面织构增强是由于非基面滑移的激活;β-Li基体中形成明显的α和γ纤维织构主要与动态回复与动态再结晶相关。热挤压同时提升Mg-8Li-6Zn-2Gd合金的抗拉强度和伸长率,并在挤压比为16:1时获得最佳的综合力学性能。

AlLi相对Mg−Li合金热压缩变形行为和动态再结晶的影响

采用等温热压缩实验研究含有AlLi相的Mg−5Li−3Al−2Zn(LAZ532)合金的热变形行为;变形温度和应变速率范围分别为473~623 K和0.001~1 s^(−1)。LAZ532合金热变形过程中AlLi相能够阻碍位错运动,从而显著提高合金的峰值应力值。为精确预测LAZ532合金的热变形行为,构建相应的应变补偿Arrhenius本构模型,预测结果与实验结果吻合良好。基于Murty准则,建立相应的热加工图,合理的加工区域在538~623 K和0.001~0.01 s^(−1)范围内。在高应变速率变形条件下,AlLi相不利于LAZ532合金在热压缩过程中的流动稳定性和动态再结晶。此外,变形温度会改变LAZ532合金的动态再结晶形核机制。

Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Li合金均匀化与固溶热处理工艺优化

本文研究了Al-7-4Zn-1-5Mg-1-7Cu-1-1Li(wt-%)合金在不同均匀化和固溶处理条件下的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明,该铝合金的铸态组织主要由α-Al基体、Li_(3)CuAl_(5)相和Mg_(32)(Al,Zn)_(49)相构成。为充分溶解第二相,提高过饱和固溶度,需要改善该含Li合金的热处理工艺。优化后的热处理工艺为510℃/24 h均匀化处理加510℃/1 h固溶处理。对比发现,使用优化后的热处理工艺可明显减少该合金中第二相颗粒的含量,且不发生过烧。相比传统均匀化和固溶热处理制度(460℃/24 h+475℃/1 h),采用新的均匀化和固溶工艺后,合金120℃时效峰值硬度提升了34-3 HV,提升幅度约22%。

Li-Mg-N-H体系储氢材料的研究进展

以Mg(NH_(2))_(2)-2LiH为代表的Li-Mg-N-H体系储氢材料因其储氢容量高、吸放氢可逆、热力学性能较为适宜等优势,被认为是目前最有望实现车载实用化的固态储氢材料之一。该体系的最大问题是吸放氢反应的动力学壁垒较高。综述了Li-Mg-N-H体系主要的成分体系及储氢性能、储氢性能的改善和规模化应用探索等相关研究进展。Li-Mg-N-H体系储氢性能改善的策略主要为材料纳米化和催化改性,其中有效的催化改性剂包括碱金属基化合物(不含硼氢化物)、金属硼氢化物、过渡金属及其化合物、碳材料等。最后,讨论了该体系实现车载实用化需要重点关注的研究方向。

LiCl-KCl-MgCl_(2)熔盐体系中Li-Mg共沉积机理研究

Li-Mg合金作为锂电池负极材料在新能源领域中具有广阔的应用前景,熔盐电解法制备Li-Mg合金极具优势。本文采用三电极体系研究了Mg2+在LiCl-KCl-MgCl_(2)熔体中钨电极上的电化学行为及Li-Mg共沉积机理,探究了MgCl_(2)浓度对电解共沉积Li-Mg的影响。方波伏安法与计时电流法实验结果表明:Mg2+在钨电极上一步两电子还原为金属Mg,属于瞬时成核过程,不受温度的影响。计时电位法实验结果表明:随着MgCl_(2)浓度的增加,LiCl-KCl-MgCl_(2)熔体电解共沉积Li-Mg所需的阴极电流密度逐渐增大。当LiCl-KCl-MgCl_(2)熔体中MgCl_(2)浓度为5%时,实现Li-Mg共沉积的最小阴极电流密度为0.287 A/cm^(2)。恒电流电解结果表明:当MgCl_(2)浓度≤5%时,Li-Mg产品中金属Mg含量随着熔体中MgCl_(2)浓度的增加而增大,当MgCl_(2)浓度达到10%时,电解仅得到金属Mg。

Development of a high-strength Mg alloy with superior ductility through a unique texture modification from equal channel angular pressing

In the current study,a homogenous ultra-fine grained microstructure with average grain size of 1.0μm is achieved in the Mg-Zn-Ca-Mn alloy through the reduplicative equal channel angular pressing(ECAP)at 300℃,and the mechanical properties are remarkably improved,with room-temperature yield strength of 269.6 MPa and elongation of 22.7%.The twinning deformation results in a discontinuous recrystallization behavior in the initial stage of ECAP.With further deformation,the continuously dynamic recrystallization contributes to an obvious grain refinement effect.The activation of non-basal slip system leads to the formation of a unique basal texture,which is related to the elevated ECAP temperature and the decreased grain size.Both grain refinement and texture modification derived from ECAP process result in the increase of yield strength,while the cracked secondary phase particles are beneficial to the enhanced ductility,through reducing the stress concentration and hindering premature failure.

Effect of Al addition on corrosion behavior of high-purity Mg in terms of processing history

In this study,the effects of Al addition on the corrosion behavior of pure Mg with controlled impurity contents were systematically analyzed according to the processing history.The results revealed that the corrosion behavior of high-purity Mg-Al alloys is strongly related to changes in the microstructure,including theβphase and Al-Mn or Al-Fe phases,and the protectiveness of the surface film according to the Al content and processing history.In the as-cast alloys,the corrosion rate increased due to the increase ofβphase as the Al content increased,but in the as-extruded alloys,the corrosion rate,which was high due to intermetallic compounds caused by impurities in the low Al alloy,decreased as the Al content increased,and then increased again.This is due to the combined effect of the increase of theβphase and decrease of the impurity effect,and the increase of the dissolved Al content.The results suggest that it is necessary to analyze the effect of alloying elements on the corrosion behavior of pure Mg with information concerning the impurity content and processing history.

Effect of long-period stacking ordered structure on very high cycle fatigue properties of Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloys

Magnesium alloys with a long-period stacking ordered(LPSO)structure usually possess excellent static strength,but their fatigue behaviors are poorly understood.This work presents the effect of the LPSO structure on the crack behaviors of Mg alloys in a very high cycle fatigue(VHCF)regime.The LPSO lamellas lead to a facet-like cracking process along the basal planes at the crack initiation site and strongly prohibit the early crack propagation by deflecting the growth direction.The stress intensity factor at the periphery of the faceted area is much higher than the conventional LPSO-free Mg alloys,contributing higher fatigue crack propagation threshold of LPSO-containing Mg alloys.Microstructure observation at the facets reveals a layer of ultrafine grains at the fracture surface due to the cyclic contact of the crack surface,which supports the numerous cyclic pressing model describing the VHCF crack initiation behavior.

Lithium Ion Extraction from the High Ration Mg/Li Salt Lake Brine with Ionic Liquid in Triisobutyl Phosphate and Kerosene

1 Introduction As the lightest metal with the unique properties of energy production and storage,lithium is regarded as the new century energy metal.Lithium and its compounds were widely used in various industrial fields,especially in

Microstructure of the Hypoeutectic Al-Mg Alloy Solidified at 4 GPa High Pressure

High pressure solidification rules of Al-Mg alloy needs to be discussed further for its wide range of application. Microstructures and phases of Al-25wt% Mg alloy solidified at 4 GPa were studied by optical microscope,X-ray diffractmeter,energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy( TEM). The microstructure evolution mechanism of Al-25Mg alloy under high pressure was analyzed. The result shows that the alloy consists of α-Al phase and Al 3 Mg 2 phase under normal pressure. However,only Al 12 Mg 17 phase forms without Al 3 Mg 2 phase at 4 GPa. In addition,Mg concentration in α-Al phase increases and that of the lattice constant also increases. The α-Al dendrite presents the broken arms under normal pressure, after high pressure solidification,the morphology of the dendrite tends to integrate and the size of the dendrite arms

FeCoNiCrCu高熵合金涂层对复合铸造Al/Mg双金属组织和性能的影响

目的研究不同厚度的FeCoNiCrCu高熵合金涂层对Al/Mg双金属组织和力学性能的影响。方法通过超音速火焰喷涂工艺在A356嵌体表面喷涂不同厚度的FeCoNiCrCu高熵合金涂层,采用消失模复合铸造工艺制备Al/Mg双金属,利用扫描电镜、EDS能谱及XRD衍射仪、维氏硬度测试仪和万能试验机对Al/Mg双金属界面微观组织和力学性能进行测试和分析。结果未喷涂高熵合金涂层的Al/Mg双金属界面由共晶层和金属间化合物层组成,断裂位置主要位于金属间化合物层,裂纹从Al_(3)Mg_(2)扩展至共晶层结束,具有典型的脆性断裂特征,剪切强度仅为30.37MPa。当高熵合金涂层厚度为5μm时,Al/Mg双金属形成了Al_(3)Mg_(2)+Mg_(2)Si/AlxFeCoNiCrCu+FeCoNiCrCu+Al-Mg-Co-Ni混合相/δ-Mg+Al_(12)Mg_(17)共晶组织的复杂界面,断裂发生在高熵合金层与δ-Mg+Al_(12)Mg_(17)共晶组织的交界处,断裂面产生了一定程度的塑性变形,剪切强度为48.46MPa,相对于无涂层的Al/Mg双金属提高了59.56%。当高熵合金涂层厚度为20μm时,铝侧生成了AlxFeCoNiCrCu高熵合金,镁侧则只生成了少量Mg-Ni-Cu混合相,断裂发生在高熵合金涂层与镁基体交界处,剪切强度为39.69 MPa。结论高熵合金涂层可以有效阻碍Al、Mg元素之间的扩散,从而显著抑制或完全阻止Al-Mg脆性金属间化合物的产生,大幅度降低界面层厚度。金属间化合物的减少和混合相对裂纹扩展的阻碍作用显著提高了Al/Mg双金属界面的剪切强度。

多向锻造道次对Mg-5.21Li-3.00(Al-Si)-2.16Sn1.90Y-0.93Er合金组织性能的影响

为了提高镁锂合金强度,采用多向锻造制备了一种新型Mg-5.21Li-3.00(Al-Si)-2.16Sn1.90Y-0.93Er合金,采用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪与拉伸试验机研究其组织与性能。研究表明:多向锻造可以有效提高该合金的综合力学性能。通过拉伸实验可知,该合金经过9道次多向锻造,极限抗拉强度、屈服强度、伸长率分别为239 MPa、165 MPa、26.2%。经过9道次的多向锻造后实现最佳晶粒细化,9道次下的晶粒尺寸同铸态相比细化了95%。在多向锻造后的该合金中观察到D型和D+C型Portevin-Le Chatelier效应,并讨论了Portevin-Le Chatelier效应与孪晶之间的关系。X射线衍射分析表明,该合金在室温下存在α-Mg相、Al2Y、AlLi、Mg_(2)Si和Mg_(2)Sn金属间化合物。

Non-equilibrium microstructure and the metastable phase of Al-9.6wt%Mg Alloy solidification under high pressure

The non-equilibrium microstructure and a new metastable phase of Al-9.6wt%Mg alloy solidified at 6 GPa were studied by optical microscope,differential scanning calorimetry,X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope.The results showed that dendrite microstructure was refined,and the solid solubility of Mg in α-Al phase increased greatly.Correspondingly,the lattice parameter of α-Al phase increased.Al3Mg2 phases disappeared under high pressure solidification.In particular,a metastable phase with small size(20 nm or so) was produced in the alloy,its melting temperature range was 464～518.2 ℃,which was higher than that of Al3Mg2 phase(453～465 ℃) under normal pressure.These metastable phases located in the interdendritic position.It was the first time that the metastable phase was found in Al-Mg alloy at a high pressure of 6 GPa.The formation mechanism of the metastable phases was discussed.

Rare Earths, Trace Element Characteristics of High-Mg Volcanic Rocks of Yixian Formation in Sihetun West Liaoning Province and Its Apocalypse

The high-Mg volcanic rocks of the Yixian Formation in the Sihetun area have the obvious characteristics of mantie-derived lava in rare earth, trace element characteristics with high Mg # （62 - 70） and high content of compatible elements. In the meantime, the volcanic rocks also have the obvious characteristics of Crust-source material in rare earth, trace element characteristics with high ∑ REE （ 158.78 × 10^-6 - 359.66 × 10^-6 ）, high （La/Yb） N （ 14.61 - 29.60）, high La/Nb（2.37 - 7.52） and high Ba/Nb （67.58- 205.96）, obvious positive anomaly of Pb and negative anomaly of Nb, Ta in trace element spider-gram. In Sr-Nd-Pb isotope the （^87Sr/^86Sr）i ratio is higher than 0.706 and the εNd（ t ） ratio is from - 3.4 to - 13, both reflect enriched Mantle characteristics. The characteristics above of the volcanic rocks combined with the content of Sr, Ba, Y, Yb and the ratio of Sr/Y show that the volcanic rocks have the property of the Sanukite rocks in Setouchi Japan beside subduction zone, and illuminate that the Sanukite rocks can be formed not only in island-arc near subduction zone but also in intro-plate. The analysis indicates that the high-Mg volcanic rocks in the Sihetun area result from the collective function of mantle-derived lava and crust-source materials. The result illuminates that the West Liaoning region is very special in tectonic geochemical background in Cretaceous in East China, and is an ideal region for us to further study the characteristics of magmatic activity as well as the process of Crust-Mantle interaction in Eastern China.