MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF HIGH BORON BEARING STEEL

High boron bearing steel, in which boron homogeneously distributed, wassuccessfully produced in the vacuum induction furnace. The microstructural observations of cast andhot rolled steels showed that the addition of titanium can eliminate the quantity of ferrous boridesprecipitated at the grain boundaries and break the net microstructure, as a result, its hotworkability is improved. The titanium boride TiB_2 homogeneously distributes in the matrix ofalpha-Fe. The parameters of hot rolling process, including preheated temperature, initial rollingtemperature, finished rolling temperature and the total deformation, have been optimized.

Effect of tempering temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of high boron white cast iron

The effect of different tempering temperatures on the microstructure and mechanical properties of airquenched high boron white cast iron was studied.The results indicate that the high boron white cast iron comprises dendritic matrix and inter-dendritic M 2 B boride;and the matrix comprises martensite and pearlite.After quenching in the air,the matrix is changed into lath martensite;but only 1-μm-size second phase exists in the matrix.After tempering,another second phase of several tens of nanometers is found in the matrix,and the size and quantity increase with an increase in tempering temperature.The two kinds of second precipitation phase with different sizes in the matrix have the same chemical formula,but their forming stages are different.The precipitation phase with larger size forms during the austenitizing process,while the precipitation phase with smaller size forms during the tempering process.When tempered at different temperatures after quenching,the hardness decreases with an increase in the tempering temperature,but it increases a little at 450 ℃ due to the precipitation strengthening effect of the second phase,and it decreases greatly due to the martensite decomposition above 450 ℃.The impact toughness increases a little when tempered below 300 ℃,but it then decreases continuously owing to the increase in size and quantity of the secondary precipitate above 300 ℃.Considered comprehensively,the optimum tempering temperature is suggested at 300 ℃ to obtain a good combination of hardness and toughness.

High-Throughput Growth of Hexagonal Boron Nitride Film Using Porous-Structure Isolation Layer

Chemical vapor deposition is considered as the most hopeful method for the synthesis of large-area high-quality hexagonal boron nitride on the substrate of catalytic metal. However, the size the hexagonal boron nitride films are limited to the size of growth chamber, which indicates a lower production efficiency. In this paper, the utilization efficiency of growth chamber is highly improved by alternately stacking multiple pieces of Cu foils and carbon fiber surface felt with porous structure. Uniform and continuous hexagonal boron nitride films are prepared on Cu foils through chemical vapor deposition utilizing ammonia borane as the precursor. This work develops a simple and practicable method for high-throughput preparation of hexagonal boron nitride films, which could contribute to the industrial application of hexagonal boron nitride. .

On microstructure and performance of tempered high-boron high-speed steel roll

Influences of the tempering temperature on the microstructure, mechanical property and wear resistance of High-Boron High Speed Steel (HBHSS) roll materials were investigated by means of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction, hardness measurement, impact tester, tensile tester and pin abrasion tester. The results show that the as-cast structure of HBHSS consists of a great amount of martensite and M2(B,C) and a few retained austenites and M23(B,C)6. After solution treated at 1,050 °C and followed by oil cooling, the amount of M23(B,C)6 carbo-borides in quenched HBHSS increases obviously and the macrohardness of the quenched HBHSS is 66 HRC, which is very close to the 65.8 HRC of as-cast HBHSS. On the whole, the hardness of HBHSS alloy shows a trend of slight decrease with increasing tempering temperature when tempered below 500 °C. While when above 500 °C, the hardness increases slightly as the tempering temperature increases and reaches a peak at 525 °C and then decreases obviously. The impact toughness of HBHSS has a tendency to increase as the tempering temperature increases. Tempering can improve the tensile strength and elongation of HBHSS, but a higher tempering temperature causes a slight decrease in both tensile strength and elongation. Excellent wear resistance can be obtained by tempering at 500 to 550 °C.

Effects of carbon content on high-temperature mechanical and thermal fatigue properties of high-boron austenitic steels

High-temperature mechanical properties of high-boron austenitic steels(HBASs) were studied at 850 °C using a dynamic thermal-mechanical simulation testing machine. In addition, the thermal fatigue properties of the alloys were investigated using the self-restraint Uddeholm thermal fatigue test, during which the alloy specimens were cycled between room temperature and 800°C. Stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to study the surface cracks and cross-sectional microstructure of the alloy specimens after the thermal fatigue tests. The effects of carbon content on the mechanical properties at room temperature and high-temperature as well as thermal fatigue properties of the HBASs were also studied. The experimental results show that increasing carbon content induces changes in the microstructure and mechanical properties of the HBASs. The boride phase within the HBAS matrix exhibits a round and smooth morphology, and they are distributed in a discrete manner. The hardness of the alloys increases from 239(0.19 wt.% C) to 302(0.29 wt.% C) and 312 HV(0.37 wt.% C); the tensile yield strength at 850 °C increases from 165.1 to 190.3 and 197.1 MPa; and the compressive yield strength increases from 166.1 to 167.9 and 184.4 MPa. The results of the thermal fatigue tests(performed for 300 cycles from room temperature to 800 °C) indicate that the degree of thermal fatigue of the HBAS with 0.29 wt.% C(rating of 2–3) is superior to those of the alloys with 0.19 wt.%(rating of 4–5) and 0.37 wt.%(rating of 3–4) carbon. The main cause of this difference is the ready precipitation of M23(C,B)6-type borocarbides in the alloys with high carbon content during thermal fatigue testing. The precipitation and aggregation of borocarbide particles at the grain boundaries result in the deterioration of the thermal fatigue properties of the alloys.

Effect laws and mechanisms of different temperatures on isothermal tensile fracture morphologies of high-strength boron steel

The fracture behaviour and morphologies of high-strength boron steel were investigated at different temperatures at a constant strain rate of 0.1 s-1 based on isothermal tensile tests. Fracture mechanisms were also analyzed based on the relationship between microstructure transformation and continuous cooling transformation(CCT) curves. It is found that 1) fractures of the investigated steel at high temperatures are dimple fractures; 2) the deformation of high-strength boron steel at high temperatures accelerates diffusion transformations; thus, to obtain full martensite, a higher cooling rate is needed; and 3) the investigated steel has the best plasticity when the deformation temperature is 750 °C.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of a new type of austempered boron alloyed high silicon cast steel

In the present paper, a new type of austempered boron alloyed high silicon cast steel has been developed, and its microstructures and mechanical properties at different temperatures were investigated. The experimental results indicate that the boron alloyed high silicon cast steel comprises a dendritic matrix and interdendritic eutectic borides in as-cast condition. The dendritic matrix is made up of pearlite, ferrite, and the interdendritic eutectic boride is with a chemical formula of M2B (M represents Fe, Cr, Mn or Mo) which is much like that of carbide in high chromium white cast iron. Pure ausferrite structure that consists of bainitic ferrite and retained austenite can be obtained in the matrix by austempering treatment to the cast steel. No carbides precipitate in the ausferrite structure and the morphology of borides remains almost unchanged after austempering treatments. Secondary boride particles precipitate during the course of austenitizing. The hardness and tensile strength of the austempered cast steel decrease with the increase of the austempering temperature, from 250 oC to 400 oC. The impact toughness is 4-11 J?cm-2 at room temperature and the impact

Preparation of amorphous nano-boron powder with high activity by combustion synthesis

The preparation process of amorphous nanometer boron powders through combustion synthesis was investigated, and the effects of the reactant ratio, the heating agent and the milling rate on the activity and particle size of amorphous boron powders were studied. The results show that the boron powders exist in the form of an amorphous phase which has the crystallinity lower than 30.4%, and the particle size of boron powder decreases with an increase of the high-energy ball milling rate. The purity of amorphous boron powder is 94.8% and particle sizes are much smaller than 100 nm when the mass ratio of B2O3/Mg/KClO3 is 100:105:17 and the ball milling time is 20 min with the milling rate of 300 r/min. At the same time, the amorphous boron nano-fibers appear in the boron powders.

Effect of Boron on Delayed Fracture Resistance of Medium-Carbon High Strength Spring Steel

The delayed fracture behavior of medium carbon high strength spring steel containing different amounts of boron （0. 000 5%, 0. 001 6 %） was studied using sustained load delayed fracture test. The results show that delayed fracture resistance of boron containing steels is higher than that of conventional steel 60Si2MnA at the same strength level and it increases with the increase of boron eontent from 0. 000 5% to 0. 001 6%. The delayed fracture mode is mainly intergranular in the boron containing steels tempered at 350℃, which indicates that the addition of boron does not change the fracture character. However, the increase of boron content enlarges the size of the crack initia tion area. Further study of phase analysis indicates that most boron is in solid solution, and only a very small quantity of boron is in the M3 （C, B） phase.

The Adhesion Improvement of Cubic Boron Nitride Film on High Speed Steel Substrate Implanted by Boron Element

Cubic boron nitride(c-BN) films were deposited on W6Mo5Cr4V2 high speed steel(HSS) substrate implanted with boron ion by RF-magnetron sputtering. The films were analyzed by the bending beam method, scratch test, XPS and AFM. The experimental results show that the implantation of boron atom can reduce the internal stress and improve the adhesion strength of the films. The critical load of scratch test rises to 27.45 N, compared to 1.75 N of c-BN film on the unimplanted HSS. The AFM shows that the surface of the c-BN film on the implanted HSS is low in roughness and small in grain size. Then the composition of the boron implanted layer was analyzed by the XPS. And the influence of the boron implanted layer on the internal stress and adhesion strength of c-BN films were investigated.

导热绝缘高密度聚乙烯复合材料的制备与性能

文中采用片层状绝缘导热六方氮化硼(h-BN)和高导热导电铜粉(Cu)复配填充来提升高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)的导热性能。控制导热填料总体积分数为30%,通过改变h-BN和Cu在HDPE中的复配比例,实现复合材料中导热网络通路的构建。扫描电镜结果表明,h-BN进入Cu粉无法占据的HDPE基体,起到桥梁作用。h-BN通过连接其周围的Cu粒子,促进了HDPE内部导热网络的形成与构筑。Hot Disk测试结果表明,随着h-BN/Cu比值增加,HDPE复合材料导热系数增大。当V(h-BN):V(Cu)≤1时,大片径h-BN_(30)/Cu体系的热导率高于小片径h-BN_(05)/Cu改性体系;与之相反,当V(h-BN):V(Cu)>1时,相对于大片径h-BN_(30),小片径h-BN_(05)对复合体系热导率的贡献更明显。通过调控h-BN与Cu的含量,实现了在抑制导电网络形成的前提下大幅改善复合材料的导热性能。其研究工作为导热绝缘复合材料的设计制备提供参考。

从高钙富硼老卤中提硼研究

以青海某高钙富硼老卤为研究对象开展了提硼研究。结果表明,合适的萃取条件为:磺化煤油为稀释剂、异辛醇用量50%、萃取相比1.0、萃取混合时间15 min;合适的反萃条件为:反萃剂为pH=1的稀盐酸、反萃相比1.5、反萃混合时间15 min。以此条件在5级混合澄清槽中完成了连续逆流萃取—反萃运转试验,连续运转45 h,硼萃取率为95.49%,硼与钾、钠、钙、镁的分离效果较好;硼反萃率为99.59%,反萃液中硼含量达17.17 g/L。采用“溶剂萃取—反萃—高温蒸发—低温冷却结晶—重溶—冷却结晶—过滤洗涤—干燥”工艺高效分离提取硼,硼总回收率为92.33%,制备出的硼酸产品达国家标准(GB/T 538—2018)要求。

高压密闭酸溶-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定硼矿石中的硼

应用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)分析硼矿石中的硼含量,样品分解方法多采用酸溶法和熔融法,硼酸在浓酸溶液中加热蒸发时形成易挥发的BF_(3)或BCl_(3),造成硼的损失。熔融法可分解难溶于酸的硅硼钙石、电气石等样品,但将大量钠盐引入了样品中,基体较大,检出限高。本文建立了高压密闭酸溶、ICP-OES测定硼矿石中硼含量的方法。样品经硝酸和氢氟酸在高压密闭溶样罐中分解完全、定容稀释后,样品溶液用配备耐氢氟酸进样系统的ICP-OES测定。在ICP-OES中,硼有三条常用分析谱线,选取249.677nm为硼的分析谱线,标准曲线的线性相关系数大于0.9995。采用本方法对硼镁矿、锰方硼石和盐湖型固体硼矿三种类型5个不同含量范围的实际样品进行测定,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)为0.39%~2.66%,方法检出限为1.76μg/g,硼含量定量范围为5.87μg/g~10.8%。经标准物质验证,硼含量测定值与标准值一致,与容量法和微波消解法测定结果吻合。本方法试剂用量少,无需蒸干样品溶液,有效地避免了硼酸易挥发和试剂用量大的问题。

高温高压合成含硼金刚石的研究进展

在掺杂金刚石中,含硼金刚石凭借其诸多优良的物化性能成为了近年来的研究热点之一。文章简单介绍了含硼金刚石的结构特征和性能,并以触媒掺硼和石墨掺硼两个分类,对高温高压合成含硼金刚石近年来的研究进行了概括综述。并对采用石墨层间化合物配合触媒合成含硼金刚石进行了总结分析,探讨目前含硼金刚石在导电性能方面所面临的难题,并对其发展进行了展望。

碳化硼陶瓷的高温高压制备及性能研究

利用六面顶液压机,以铝、钴为烧结助剂,在压力5.0-5.5 GPa、温度1 350-1 700℃、保温时间5 min的条件下制备出碳化硼陶瓷,并通过XRD衍射仪、SEM扫描电镜、维式硬度仪对其进行了物相分析、微观形貌表征和硬度测量,研究了压力、温度对碳化硼复合陶瓷力学性能的影响。实验结果表明,在5.5 GPa、1 550℃时,碳化硼陶瓷具有较好的综合性能,维式硬度为4 022 HV、磨耗比为2.5。其中铝、钴作为烧结助剂不仅降低了烧结温度还促进烧结反应,增强颗粒间的扩散促使陶瓷更快地达到高致密度,改善其力学性能。

碳化硼-立方氮化硼复合陶瓷的高压制备及性能研究

利用六面顶液压机,以铝、钴为烧结助剂,在压力5.5 GPa,温度1 470℃,保温时间5 min的条件下制备出碳化硼-立方氮化复合陶瓷。并通过XRD衍射仪、SEM扫描电镜、维式硬度仪对其进行了物相分析、微观形貌表征和硬度测量,并研究了不同含量的立方氮化硼对碳化硼复合陶瓷力学性能的影响。实验结果表明,当碳化硼和立方氮化硼的比例为7∶3时,复合陶瓷具有较好的综合性能,维式硬度为41.6 GPa、密度为2.45 g/cm^(3)、磨耗比为2.5。将立方氮化硼作为增强材料不仅保持了碳化硼的硬度还兼顾了轻质性能。而铝、钴作为烧结助剂不仅降低了烧结温度还抑制了立方氮化硼向六方氮化硼的转变。

氨硼烷制备的高宽厚比氮化硼纳米片及其形成机理

受限于商业氮化硼(BN)晶体尺寸及BN独特的层间相互作用,传统的剥离法难以实现高宽厚比(>5000)氮化硼纳米片(BNNSs)的制备。以氨硼烷为前驱体,经烧结和分离得到了高宽厚比的BNNSs。通过FTIR,TG,TEM,XRD等手段对BNNSs的组成结构及形成机理进行表征。结果表明:当温度超过80℃时,氨硼烷之间开始交联脱氢,氢气释放使得在交联过程中形成泡沫结构,并最终在1000℃完成无机化,得到含有BNNSs的BN泡沫,其中的膜结构即为BNNSs。所制备的BNNSs为六方晶型结构,厚度约为1.5 nm,宽度约30μm,宽厚比达到20000。将高宽厚比的BNNSs与聚乙烯醇(PVA)复合制备成复合膜,其导热及力学性能相较于小宽厚比BNNSs所制备的复合膜有显著提升,充分说明了高宽厚比BNNSs在BN基复合材料领域的应用优势。

盐湖电解镁原料生产中的卤水脱硫除硼技术分析

文章将察尔汗盐湖钾肥生产排放的老卤作为电解法炼镁的原料,就其中关键杂质硫酸根和硼对电解的影响行为进行分析,并对目前不同工艺脱硫除硼技术的优劣势进行了介绍。同时,根据察尔汗盐湖的特点,将除杂行为在盐田滩晒工艺进行有效控制,利用“掐头去尾”工艺高效脱硫、除硼。在深度脱硫除硼方面,对盐湖高盐分卤水环境中的钡法深度除硫(含膜过滤)、硼特效树脂除硼技术及原理进行了介绍,以期对盐湖同类装置除杂技术具有一定的借鉴作用。

碳纳米管对混合粒径PcBN复合材料性能的影响

为提高高温高压制备的聚晶立方氮化硼(PcBN)复合材料的性能,以颗粒尺寸分别为0~0.5μm和0.5~1.0μm的混合粒径立方氮化硼(cBN)为原材料,Al-Ti-Al_(2)O_(3)为结合剂,加入不同质量分数的碳纳米管,在高温高压条件下烧结制备PcBN复合材料,研究碳纳米管质量分数对PcBN复合材料结构和性能的影响。结果表明:添加碳纳米管后,PcBN和碳纳米管间没有发生化学反应,碳纳米管以增强体的形式存在于复合材料内部;复合材料较致密,碳纳米管的添加使PcBN的相对密度先增大后减小。当碳纳米管添加质量分数为1.5%时,PcBN的相对密度有最大值97.9%,同时PcBN有最大的显微硬度和断裂韧性,分别为3892 HV和6.82 MPa·m^(1/2);当碳纳米管的添加质量分数为1.0%时,PcBN有最大的抗弯强度和磨耗比,分别为584 MPa和6873。碳纳米管拔出和桥连作用提高了PcBN复合材料的力学性能。

硼对受高氨氮冲击后短程硝化系统效能恢复的影响研究

通过提高进水氨氮使稳定运行的短程硝化系统受到抑制,然后向反应器中投加硼来促进短程硝化效能的恢复。通过氮转化能力、氨氧化菌活性、胞外聚合物(EPS)中蛋白质(PN)和多糖(PS)含量、污泥形态和颗粒污泥的粒径分布来对短程硝化系统的变化进行表征。结果表明,稳定运行的短程硝化系统在短时间内受到800 mg/L氨氮冲击后短程硝化效能下降,污泥稳定性减弱,且在氨氮重新恢复到200 mg/L后短期内其效能仍无法恢复;与抑制期相比,投加硼后系统在恢复期的氨氮去除率从50%上升到95%,亚硝酸盐积累率从50%上升到85%,硝酸盐积累率从50%下降到15%,反应器的比氨氮氧化速率(SAOR)从18.65 mg/(g·h)上升到38.36 mg/(g·h),比耗氧速率(SOUR)从47.68 mg/(g·h)增加到54.24 mg/(g·h),MLSS增加了32%,达到4.5 g/L,EPS中PN质量分数比抑制期增加23%,m(PN)/m(PS)增加35.96%,信号分子AI-2质量浓度也从0.021 ng/mL增加到0.124 ng/mL。该研究结果阐明了硼对受高氨氮冲击下短程硝化系统效能的恢复有促进作用。