Dry Mix Slag—High-Calcium Fly Ash Binder. Part Two: Durability

This work investigates durability of cement-free mortars with a binder comprised of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) activated by high-calcium fly ash (HCFA) and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3): the soundness, sulfate resistance, alkali-silica reactivity and efflorescence factors are considered. Results of tests show that such mortars are resistant to alkali-silica expansion. Mortars are also sulfate-resistant when the amount of HCFA in the complex binder is within a limit of 10 wt%. The fineness of fly ash determines its’ ability to activate GGBFS hydration, and influence soundness of the binder, early strength development, sulfate resistance and efflorescence behavior. The present article is a continuation of authors’ work, previously published in MSA, Vol. 14, 240-254.

Research on Preparation and Influencing Fctors of High Calcium High Sulfate Ash to Autoclaved Aerated Concrete

In this paper, a high calcium high sulfate ash as the main material, adding fly ash, lime, cement, gypsum and some modifiers to prepare autoclaved aerated concrete. The products complies with the technical requirements of GB/T11968-2006. This paper also studies the influence of the physical methods and water ratio on autoclaved aerated concrete by high calcium high sulfate ash aerated concrete. The best ratio of water and Grinding time were found in practice study.

Static and Dynamic Leaching Experiments of Heavy Metals from Fly Ash-Based Geopolymers

The feasibility of high calcium fly ash （CFA）-based geopolymers to fix heavy metals were studied. The CFA-based geopolymers were prepared from CFA, flue gas desulfurization gypsum （FGDG）, and water treatment residual （WTR）. The static leaching showed that heavy metals concentrations from CFA- based geopolymers were lower than their maximum concentration limits according to the U.S. environmental protection law. And the encapsulated and fixed ratios of heavy metals by the CFA-based geopolymers were 96.02%-99.88%. The dynamic real-time leaching experiment showed that concentration of Pb （II） was less than 1.μg / L, Cr （VI） less than 3.25 mg / L, while Hg （II） less than 4.0 μg / L. Additionally, dynamic accumulated leaching concentrations were increased at the beginning of leaching process then kept stable. During the dynamic leaching process, heavy metals migrated and accumulated in an area near to the solid-solution interface. When small part of heavy metals in ＂the accumulated area＂ breached through the threshold value of physical encapsulation and chemical fixation they migrated into solution. The dynamic leaching ratios and effective diffusion coefficients of heavy metals from CFA-based geopolymer were very low and the long-term security of heavy metals in CFA-based geopolymer was safe.

含生活垃圾焚烧炉渣的碱矿渣水泥耐高温机理

为探究生活垃圾焚烧炉渣(MSWI-BA)对碱矿渣净浆耐高温性能的影响机理,将6%的矿渣等质量替换为MSWI-BA,制备碱矿渣水泥净浆(AASBp),研究不同温度对AASBp的质量损失率、干燥收缩率和强度的影响.以普通硅酸盐水泥净浆作为对照组,结合多种微观手段,揭示AASBp的耐高温机理,并与未掺MSWI-BA的碱矿渣水泥(AASp)进行对比.结果表明:随着温度的升高,AASBp中水化硅铝酸钙的钙硅比(C/S)先降低后升高;在400℃时,水化硅铝酸钙的聚合度最高,C/S最低;Al—O键在600℃断裂,而Si—O键在1000℃断裂;MSWI-BA可提高基体孔隙的连通性,高温处理后孔隙压力得到释放,因此AASBp比AASp具有更高的归一化抗压强度和耐高温性能.

工业固废对高灰熔点煤灰熔融特性的影响及机理

煤灰的熔融特性是气化用煤的重要指标,工业生产中钙基和铁基助熔剂被广泛用于降低高灰熔点煤灰的熔融特征温度。本文选取了4种含钙和含铁的工业固废,即脱硫石膏、电石渣、赤泥和钢渣,作为助熔剂,考察了高温弱还原性条件下工业固废添加对高灰熔点潞安煤灰熔融特性的影响,并分析了工业固废的添加与高温下煤灰矿物质组成的关系。结果表明:工业固废添加量为2%~8%时,高熔点潞安煤灰的熔融特征温度均降低,但影响程度不同。随着赤泥和电石渣添加比例的增大,潞安煤灰的熔融特征温度显著降低,添加4%的赤泥和电石渣时,煤灰的流动温度分别降低至1376℃和1392℃;添加钢渣和脱硫石膏,且添加量为2%时,煤灰的流动温度降低至1380℃和1410℃,但随着添加比例的增大,降低的幅度变小。添加赤泥时,潞安煤灰中莫来石和硅线石含量减少,生成了低熔点的钙铁辉石和铁尖晶石;添加电石渣时,高温下主要生成的矿物质为低熔点的钙长石;添加钢渣时,煤灰中莫来石与氧化物反应转变为低熔点的钙长石和单斜辉石;添加脱硫石膏时,高温下主要的矿物质为低熔点的钙长石。综合考虑四种含钙和含铁工业固废添加对煤灰熔融性和气化设备的影响,含铁工业固废钢渣和含钙工业固废电石渣可作为降低高灰熔点煤灰熔点的助熔剂,且添加比例为4%时,煤灰的流动温度能够满足气流床气化炉对煤灰流动温度的要求。

高钙固硫灰制备蒸压加气混凝土及其影响因素研究

以高钙固硫灰为主要原料,加入粉煤灰、生石灰、水泥、石膏,添加部分改性剂,以铝粉膏为发泡材料制备出蒸压加气混凝土砌块,产品符合GB/T 11968—2006《蒸压加气混凝土砌块》的技术要求。研究了物理方法以及水料比对高钙固硫灰加气混凝土的影响,得出了高钙固硫灰最佳粉磨时间及其生产加气混凝土的最佳水料比。

外加剂对硫铝酸盐水泥基材料水化的影响研究

研究了Na2SO4和Li2CO3对硫铝酸盐水泥-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料的凝结时间、电阻率、水化产物和抗压强度的影响规律。结果表明,Na2SO4和Li2CO3均能促进复合胶凝材料的凝结硬化,加速复合体系1 d龄期内的水化进程,降低硬化水泥浆体1 d龄期时的电阻率,且Li2CO3的水化促进效果更明显。掺入Na2SO4和Li2CO3后,复合体系的主要水化产物仍是钙矾石,在水化产物中并未发现Ca(OH)2晶体;Na2SO4的掺入会增大复合体系的1 d抗压强度,但3 d龄期后抗压强度略有降低,而Li2CO3的掺入会增大复合体系在28 d龄期内的抗压强度。

高钙粉煤灰硬化水泥浆体耐硫酸盐性的研究

研究了高钙粉煤灰对硬化水泥浆体耐硫酸盐性的影响。结果表明 :随浸渍龄期延长 ,高钙粉煤灰硬化水泥浆体的耐硫酸盐性一般变差 ;高钙粉煤灰硬化水泥浆体的耐硫酸盐性与硫酸盐溶液的种类、浓度有关 ;

低温合成高钙固硫粉煤灰水泥的研究

试验采用低温合成方法将高钙固硫粉煤灰制成低温合成粉煤灰水泥熟料,采用XRD分析、力学性能测定等测试方法研究其物相及性能。试验表明高钙固硫粉煤灰低温合成熟料的胶凝矿物主要为C12A7、β-C2S、CA,将其与硅酸盐熟料、二水石膏复合,可制得具有良好性能的高铝水泥-硅酸盐水泥-石膏系统的复合水泥。

CFA基地聚合物协同处置MSWIFA及其安全性研究

利用高钙粉煤灰（CFA）基地聚合物协同处置城市垃圾焚烧飞灰（MSWIFA），研究了CFA—MSWIFA复合地聚合物中MSWIFA的掺量、养护制度、反应产物及其安全性。结果表明：CFA—MSWIFA复合地聚合物中MSWIFA的掺量宜控制在10％以内；较佳的养护制度是室温薄膜包覆养护。CFA基地聚合物反应产物中，地聚合物与水化产物并存；与CFA基地聚合物相比，CFA-MSWIFA复合地聚合物体系的水化系数提高，而聚合系数降低，反应产物中水化产物的比重增加。利用CFA基地聚合物处置5％-15％MSWIFA，其重金属浸出浓度均远低于标准最高限值，安全性可靠。

高钙固硫灰与普通粉煤灰的理化性能研究

通过X衍射、扫描电镜等方法对高钙固硫灰及普通粉煤灰的化学成分、物相组成、颗粒形貌、物理性能等方面进行分析。结果表明,高钙固硫灰的CaO、烧失量、SO3含量较高,高钙固硫灰的主要晶相为石英、无水石膏、赤铁矿、游离氧化钙等,玻璃体含量较少,普通粉煤灰以玻璃体为主,晶相有莫来石和石英。扫描电镜观察,高钙固硫灰的颗粒表面较疏松,几乎没有球形颗粒,普通粉煤灰以球形为主,表面光滑。与普通粉煤灰相比,高钙固硫灰的细度较大,需水量较大,活性较差。

高钙固硫粉煤灰水热条件下元素的溶出机制

试验用比色法和原子吸收法等分析手段系统地研究了粉煤灰 H2O、粉煤灰 NaOH H2O、粉煤灰 Ca(OH)2 H2O3个系统在不同水热条件下Al、Si、Ca元素溶出浓度。结果表明:温度、反应时间和OH-的浓度是影响离子溶出的主要因素;计算了不同粉煤灰 Ca(OH)2 H2O系统在100℃、12h条件下SiO2的溶出率,高钙固硫粉煤灰中SiO2的溶出率高于普通粉煤灰,用SiO2的溶出率可以表征粉煤灰的活性;粉煤灰与Ca(OH)2的水热反应,可能是一个原地化学反应。

改性高钙粉煤灰水泥的各项性能研究

以高钙粉煤灰为原料,机械粉磨高钙粉煤灰至比表面积388.14 m^2/kg,配比为50%高钙粉煤灰、45%熟料、3%石膏、1%Ca(OH)_2、1%J2,制备高钙粉煤灰水泥,并对比市售普通硅酸盐水泥,通过测量计算不同龄期条件下的强度损失率、长度变化率和干缩率等参数来表征水泥各项性能。结果表明,随着龄期的增长,硅酸盐水泥的抗折、抗压强度、抗冻性及抗硫酸盐侵蚀性强度损失率和干缩率分别为8.05 MPa、56.97 MPa、45.73%、36.2%、1.8×10^(-4)%,而高钙粉煤灰水泥分别为8.33 MPa、58.77 MPa、37.5%、26.7%、1.5×10^(-4)%,均优于普通硅酸盐水泥,并随龄期增长越加明显。

Toughness Improvement of Geothermal Well Cement at up to 300^°C: Using Carbon Microfiber

This study aimed at assessing the usefulness of carbon microfiber (CMF) in improving the compressive-toughness of sodium metasilicate-activated calcium aluminate/Class F fly ash foamed cement at hydrothermal temperatures of up to 300°C. When the CMFs came in contact with a pore solution of cement, their surfaces underwent alkali-caused oxidation, leading to the formation of metal (Na, Ca, Al)-complexed carboxylate groups. The extent of this oxidation was enhanced by the temperature increase, corresponding to the incorporation of more oxidation derivatives at higher temperatures. Although micro-probe examinations did not show any defects in the fibers, the enhanced oxidation engendered shrinkage of the interlayer spacing between the C-basal planes in CMFs, and a decline in their thermal stability. On the other hand, the complexed carboxylate groups present on the surfaces of oxidized fibers played a pivotal role in improving the adherence of fibers to the cement matrix. Such fiber/cement interfacial bonds contributed significantly to the excellent bridging effect of fibers, resistance to the cracks development and propagation, and to improvement of the post-crack material ductility. Consequently, the compressive toughness of the 85°-, 200°-, and 300°C-autoclaved foamed cements reinforced with 10 wt% CMF was 2.4-, 2.9-, and 3.1-fold higher than for cement without the reinforcement.

高钙固硫粉煤灰在生产蒸压加气混凝土中的应用

本文是利用高钙固硫粉煤灰生产蒸压加气混凝土在实际生产成功后总结出的经验,表明高钙固硫粉煤灰完全能生产蒸压加气混凝土。

Mechanism of Calcined Phosphogypsum for the Volume Change of Blended Cement

The paper describes an investigation into the volume change of cement mortar specimen at the three kinds of different curing schedules including 20℃and 5% Na2SO4 solution curing, tap water standard curing, 50% RH curing for 90 days. The testing results of hydration heat, chemical shrinking and XRD prove that calcined phosphogypsum has evident excitation effect on the activity of high calcium ash and steel slag. Simultaneously, calcined phosphogypsum has the function of decreasing volume shrinkage to blended cement possessing steel slag and high calcium ash. In sulfate curing, calcined phosphogypsum can avoid the phenomenon of protrude apex of the blended cement.

In-situ sampling investigation of deposition and corrosion of convective heating surfaces in a grate type municipal solid waste incineration plant:a case study

Metal corrosion and ash deposition are two common issues in municipal solid waste incineration(MSWI)plants.An in-situ sampling investigation was conducted in an MSWI plant in Jiangsu,China.The deposit samples were collected from 6 convective heating surfaces including the reheaters,superheaters,and economizer.The corrosion samples were obtained from a ruptured tube cut from the tertiary superheater.The element composition,crystal phases,and morphology of deposit and corrosion samples were characterized and analyzed.The results show that S contents of these deposits are 32-45 wt%,considerable Cl(10.63 wt%)was only detected in the deposits of the tertiary superheater.The composition of the deposits varies with the location because the flue gas temperature determines the thermodynamic trend of the sulfation reactions of different chlorides and the SO_(2)equilibrium partial pressure required in these reactions.Ca sulfates mainly exist in deposits at high temperatures(above approximately 500℃).Whereas alkali metal sulfates are the main component of deposits at low temperatures(below approximately 500℃).A multi-layer structure is exhibited on the cross-section of the corrosion samples.The discovery of Cl in the interface between the matrix and the oxide layer confirms that Cl can penetrate the outer oxide film.Besides,polysulfate components were observed inside the metal oxide layers,which indicates that a melt has occurred there.This study has provided a better understanding of ash deposition and corrosion phenomena in MSWI systems and more emphasis should be placed on the research of ash deposition and corrosion mechanisms.

高钙固硫粉煤灰制备分子筛及对Cu^(2+)的吸附

以高钙固硫粉煤灰为原料,采用碱熔-水热晶化法制备了一种未命名分子筛产品,考察了不同碱灰比对合成产物的影响,并采用了XRD、SEM、SEM-EDX等手段对产物进行了表征分析,实验结果表明1.5为较为合适的碱灰比。在室温条件下、Cu^(2+)离子浓度为200mg·L^(-1)、分子筛样品用量比为0.005g·ml^(-1)时,制备得到的分子筛产品CAZ-1.5对溶液中Cu^(2+)离子的吸附过程符合Lagergren二级速率方程,相应的二级吸附速率常数为62.50g/(mg·min)。在室温条件下、分子筛样品用量比为0.005g·ml^(-1)时,制备得到的分子筛产品对不同浓度Cu^(2+)的等温吸附曲线均符合Langmuir方程,理论饱和吸附容量(Q_m)可达107.5 mg·g^(-1)。