Partitioning Calculation Method of Short-Circuit Current for High Proportion DG Access to Distribution Network

Aiming at the problemthat the traditional short-circuit current calculationmethod is not applicable to Distributed Generation(DG)accessing the distribution network,the paper proposes a short-circuit current partitioning calculation method considering the degree of voltage drop at the grid-connected point of DG.Firstly,the output characteristics of DG in the process of low voltage ride through are analyzed,and the equivalent output model of DG in the fault state is obtained.Secondly,by studying the network voltage distribution law after fault in distribution networks under different DG penetration rates,the degree of voltage drop at the grid-connected point of DG is used as a partition index to partition the distribution network.Then,iterative computation is performed within each partition,and data are transferred between partitions through split nodes to realize the fast partition calculation of short-circuit current for high proportion DG access to distribution network,which solves the problems of long iteration time and large calculation error of traditional short-circuit current.Finally,a 62-node real distribution network model containing a high proportion of DG access is constructed onMATLAB/Simulink,and the simulation verifies the effectiveness of the short-circuit current partitioning calculation method proposed in the paper,and its calculation speed is improved by 48.35%compared with the global iteration method.

A heuristic clustering algorithm based on high density-connected partitions

Clustering data with varying densities and complicated structures is important,while many existing clustering algorithms face difficulties for this problem. The reason is that varying densities and complicated structure make single algorithms perform badly for different parts of data. More intensive parts are assumed to have more information probably,an algorithm clustering from high density part is proposed,which begins from a tiny distance to find the highest density-connected partition and form corresponding super cores,then distance is iteratively increased by a global heuristic method to cluster parts with different densities. Mean of silhouette coefficient indicates the cluster performance. Denoising function is implemented to eliminate influence of noise and outliers. Many challenging experiments indicate that the algorithm has good performance on data with widely varying densities and extremely complex structures. It decides the optimal number of clusters automatically.Background knowledge is not needed and parameters tuning is easy. It is robust against noise and outliers.

Displacement characteristics of CO_(2)flooding in extra-high water-cut reservoirs

Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))flooding is a widely applied recovery method during the tertiary recovery of oil and gas.A high water saturation condition in reservoirs could induce a‘water shielding’phenomenon after the injection of CO_(2).This would prevent contact between the injected gas and the residual oil,restricting the development of the miscible zone.A micro-visual experiment of dead-end models,used to observe the effect of a film of water on the miscibility process,indicates that CO_(2)can penetrate the water film and come into contact with the residual oil,although the mixing is significantly delayed.However,the dissolution loss of CO_(2)at high water-cut conditions is not negligible.The oil-water partition coefficient,defined as the ratio of CO_(2)solubility in an oil-brine/two-phase system,keeps constant for specific reservoir conditions and changes little with an injection gas.The NMR device shows that when CO_(2)flooding follows water flooding,the residual oil decreasesdnot only in medium and large pores but also in small and micro pores.At levels of higher water saturation,CO_(2)displacement is characterized initially by a low oil production rate and high water-cut.After the CO_(2)breakthrough,the water-cut decreases sharply and the oil production rate increases gradually.The response time of CO_(2)flooding at high watercut reservoirs is typically delayed and prolonged.These results were confirmed in a pilot test for CO_(2)flooding at the P1-1 well group of the Pucheng Oilfield.Observations from this pilot study also suggest that a larger injection gas pore volume available for CO_(2)injection is required to offset the dissolution loss in high water saturation conditions.

Influence of High Temperature Stress on Net Photosynthesis, Dry Matter Partitioning and Rice Grain Yield at Flowering and Grain Filling Stages

Climate change is recognized to increase the frequency and severity of extreme temperature events. At flowering and grain filling stages, risk of high temperature stress （HTS） on rice might increase, and lead to declining grain yields. A regulated cabinet experiment was carried out to investigate effects of high temperature stress on rice growth at flowering and grain- filling stages. Results showed that no obvious decrease pattern in net photosynthesis appeared along with the temperature rising, but the dry matter allocation in leaf, leaf sheath, culm, and panicle all changed. Dry weight of panicle decreased, and ratio of straw to total above ground crop dry weight increased 6-34% from CK, which might have great effects on carbon cycling and green house gas emission. Grain yield decreased significantly across all treatments on average from 15 to 73%. Occurrence of HTS at flowering stage showed more serious influence on grain yield than at grain filling stage. High temperature stress showed negative effects on harvest index. It might be helpful to provide valuable information for crop simulation models to capture the effects of high temperature stress on rice, and evaluate the high temperature risk.

Effect of quenching-partitioning treatment on the microstructure, mechanical and abrasive properties of high carbon steel

The present work employed the X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, electron backscattered diffraction, and electron probe microanalysis techniques to identify the microstructural evolution and mechanical and abrasive behavior of high carbon steel during quenching-partitioning treatment with an aim to enhance the toughness and wear resistance of high carbon steel.Results showed that, with the increase in partitioning temperature from 250 to 400℃, the amount of retained austenite(RA) decreased resulting from the carbide precipitation effect after longer partitioning times.Moreover, the stability of RA generally increased because of the enhanced degree of carbon enrichment in RA.Given the factors affecting the toughness of high carbon steel, the stability of RA associated with size, carbon content, and morphology plays a significant role in determining the toughness of high carbon steel.The analysis of the wear resistance of samples with different mechanical properties shows that hardness is the primary factor affecting the wear resistance of high carbon steel, and the toughness is the secondary one.

Effects of culm carbohydrate partitioning on basal stem strength in a high-yielding rice population

Rice culm carbohydrate transport can simultaneously affect grain filling and stem lodging resistance by regulating non-structural carbohydrate(NSC) and structural carbohydrate(SC) contents. However, the relationship between carbohydrate transposition and culm strength is not well documented. Accordingly, a high-yielding hybrid rice cultivar(Y Liangyou 2) was tested under different N fertilization regimes at two locations, Taoyuan(a special high-yield eco-site), Yunnan province and Danyang(a representative eco-site of the middle and lower Yangtze), Jiangsu province, China. Significantly higher grain yield and basal stem strength were found at Taoyuan than Danyang under all N rates throughout the two-year experiment. At heading stage, soluble sugars, starch, cellulose and lignin contents of the basal culm at Taoyuan were significantly 132.0%, 73.7%, 1.2%, and 62.7% higher than those at Danyang, respectively. At 20 days after heading, soluble sugars and starch content at Taoyuan decreased significantly compared to Danyang, but lignin content remained higher. Culm carbohydrate transport to kernels at Taoyuan was significantly greater than that at Danyang, and the proportion of soluble sugars and starch was correspondingly 62.9%lower. However, the proportion of lignin and cellulose was 22.7% higher at Taoyuan than that at Danyang. Soluble sugars and starch partitioning were significantly reduced under an increased nitrogen application rate, but SC partitioning was little affected. There were significant positive correlations between basal culm bending stress and dry weight and cellulose and lignin proportions at both locations under all N rates, suggesting that the higher SC proportion at 20 days after heading was primarily responsible for culm strength.These results suggest that high-yielding rice populations with greater culm strength require both moderate NSC transport and greater SC accumulation.

Effects of Spin Transition and Cation Substitution on the Optical Properties and Iron Partitioning in Carbonate Minerals

The high-pressure behavior of deep carbonate dictates the state and dynamics of oxidized carbon in the Earth's mantle,playing a vital role in the global carbon cycle and potentially influencing long-term climate change.Optical absorption and Raman spectroscopic measurements were carried out on two natural carbonate samples in diamond-anvil cells up to 60 GPa.Mg-substitution in high-spin siderite FeCO_(3)increases the crystal field absorption band position by approximately 1000 cm^(-1),but such an effect is marginal at>40 GPa when entering the low-spin state.The crystal field absorption band of dolomite cannot be recognized upon compression to 45.8 GPa at room temperature but,in contrast,the high-pressure polymorph of dolomite exhibits a strong absorption band at frequencies higher than(Mg,Fe)CO_(3)in the lowspin state by 2000–2500 cm^(-1).Additionally,these carbonate minerals show more complicated features for the absorption edge,decreasing with pressure and undergoing a dramatic change through the spin crossover.The optical and vibrational properties of carbonate minerals are highly correlated with iron content and spin transition,indicating that iron is preferentially partitioned into low-spin carbonates.These results shed new light on how carbonate minerals evolve in the mantle,which is crucial to decode the deep carbon cycle.

基于高低温分区热管网络的高轨通信卫星散热能力提升方法

针对我国高轨通信卫星不断提升的散热需求,提出采用基于高低温分区热管网络的热设计方法。在分析热管网络散热能力的基础上,进行设备分区布局设计、分区热管网络散热面设计和分区热管网络布局设计。该方法可在保证卫星仪器设备工作温度、不降低热设计可靠性、不增加分系统重量及功率需求的前提下,将卫星散热能力提升15%~20%。文章还结合近些年通信卫星研制中的经验和教训,归纳给出高低温分区热管网络设计中的注意事项,以期为相关工程设计提供有效指导。

钢框架岩棉夹芯板超高防火隔墙耐火与稳定性能研究

为满足大型厂房对轻质超高防火隔墙的需求,提出了一种钢框架岩棉夹芯板超高防火隔墙,并对其耐火性与稳定性进行研究。采用ISO-834标准升温曲线的加热方法,对缩尺比例为1∶0.3岩棉夹芯板防火隔墙进行单面受火试验。并基于有限元软件ABAQUS建立缩尺模型与足尺模型,研究了防火隔墙防火优化前后两种方案下受火面与背火面的温度场变化规律。结果表明:缩尺试验模型与缩尺有限元模型的温度和形变基本吻合;足尺有限元模型的岩棉夹芯板超高防火隔墙在防火优化后,背火面最高温度降低,最大形变降低了75.5%,耐火性与稳定性得到大幅改善,并满足《建筑构件耐火试验方法》对于防火隔墙隔热性和完整性要求。在防火隔墙设计方面,容重为50 kg/m^(2)的钢框架岩棉夹芯板超高防火隔墙,跨度方向每8 m需设一根钢柱,高度方向每3.6 m需设一根钢梁。

基于WPF的超高轻钢龙骨隔墙工程计量研究

在普通轻钢龙骨隔墙中内置型钢骨架以满足超高隔墙的性能要求,但由于工程体量庞大和构造复杂,工程量的精确计算尤为困难。本文结合《轻钢龙骨石膏板隔墙、吊顶》(GJCT-015/07CJ03-1)深入研究龙骨的排布规律,在不依赖于三维模型的前提下,创建WPF应用程序,采用C#语言编制计量程序,实现超高轻钢龙骨隔墙工程量的快速计算,提高了算量效率。最后以某实际工程为例,将程序计算工程量与手算工程量进行比对,量差率均控制在较小的范围内,表明本程序计算工程量具备较高的准确性。

背景分区增强下的超高压典型AR运维场景重建方法

运维场景融合度过高,增加了子图间的冗余度。为了提升运维场景的清晰度、饱和度等,提出背景分区增强下的超高压典型AR运维场景重建方法。引入一个场景包围盒,搭建场景空间分割代价函数,生成运维场景包围盒列表,通过计算分割平面选择因子,分割AR运维场景空间。利用VR渲染方法分区增强AR运维场景的背景,将背景分区增强与模糊隶属度松弛迭代相结合,采用可视化定位检测方法融合AR运维场景,进行运维场景的三维重构,增强AR运维场景。根据运维场景重建的空间分布结构,完成超高压典型AR运维场景重建。实验结果表明,AR运维场景的漫游帧率在40~50帧/s,在清晰度、饱和度、亮度等方面具有更好的重建效果,为提高AR运维场景重建的可视化性能和人机交互能力提供了新思路。

桥梁薄壁空心墩横隔板施工技术应用研究

横隔板的设置对于空心薄壁高墩墩身的稳定起着至关重要的作用,本研究通过对喀斯特地貌区域桐木河特大桥矩形薄壁空心墩横隔板的施工难点、施工工艺、方法等方面进行了分析研究,优化传统横隔板施工工艺,并对变截面薄壁空心墩高墩横隔板的施工方法、质量控制措施、安全保证措施进行了总结,为今后高墩横隔板施工技术提供借鉴。

装饰一体化装配式隔墙在高高原地区的应用

装饰一体化装配式隔墙因工效较高、质量可控、不受气候制约、节能环保,在全国大部分地区有所应用。以西藏日喀则定日机场项目为案例,通过研发新型轻钢龙骨装饰一体化装配式隔墙,利用装配式施工、干挂装饰面的工艺,解决了极端严寒地区无法湿作业的难题,同时降低了人工消耗,优化了装饰一体化隔墙的隔声、保温、耐火等性能,实现了装饰一体化装配式隔墙在高高原地区的首次应用,取得较好的效果,可为今后类似项目提供参考。

双腔室隔板控制后喷减后坐武器内弹道性能研究

针对某新型榴弹发射器高初速发射时后坐力过大的问题,采用双腔室隔板控制后喷减后坐技术,运用两相流内弹道理论对武器发射过程进行理论建模和数值模拟。与试验结果对比,验证了模型和算法的正确性;与普通武器内弹道性能对比,证实了双腔室隔板控制后喷减后坐技术能够降低武器的后坐力。研制样机并进行试验,结果表明双腔室隔板控制后喷减后坐武器的后坐冲量由114.798 N·s下降到28.47 N·s,减后坐效率为75.199%。

Hot deformation behavior of microstructural constituents in a duplex stainless steel during high-temperature straining

The hot deformation characteristics of 1.4462 duplex stainless steel （DSS） were analyzed by considering strain partitioning between austenite and ferrite constituents. The individual behavior of ferrite and austenite in microstructure was studied in an iso-stress condition. Hot compression tests were performed at temperatures of 800-1100~C and strain rates of 0.001-1 s-1. The flow stress was modeled by a hyperbolic sine constitutive equation, the corresponding constants and apparent activation energies were determined for the studied alloys. The constitutive equation and law of mixture were used to measure the contribution factor of each phase at any given strain. It is found that the contribution factor of ferrite exponentially declines as the Zener-HoUomon parameter （Z） increases. On the contrary, the austenite contribution polynomially increases with the increase of Z. At low Z values below 2.6. x 1015 （lnZ---35.5）, a negative contribution factor is determined for austenite that is attributed to dynamic recrystallization. At high Z values, the contribution factor of austenite is about two orders of magnitude greater than that of ferrite, and therefore, austenite can accommodate more strain. Microstructural characterization via electron back-scattered diffraction （EBSD） confirms the mechanical results and shows that austenite recrystallization is possible only at high temperature and low strain rate.

超高层建筑空调水系统竖向分区设计研究

结合厦门某超高层办公楼的工程设计实例,综合考虑设备、管道、附件承压及建筑竖向分区等影响因素,对比分析了单冷源站,一次中间换热空调水系统;单冷源站,二次中间换热空调水系统;双冷源站空调水系统这三种空调水系统竖向分区方案的初投资、运行费用及优缺点,得出适合的超高空调水系统竖向分区方案。

Line intensities of the asymptotic asymmetric-top radical HO_2 at high temperatures

The total internal partition sums were calculated in the product approximation at temperatures up to 5000 K for the asymptotic asymmetric-top HO2 molecule. The calculations of the rotational partition function and the vibrational partition function were carried out with the rigid-top model and in the harmonic oscillator approximation, respectively. Our values of the total internal partition sums are consistent with the data of HITRAN database with -0.14% at 296 K. Using the calculated partition functions, we have calculated the line intensities of υ2 band of HO2 at several high temperatures. The results showed that the calculated line intensities are in very good agreement with those of HITRAN database at temperatures up to 3000 K, which provides a strong support for the calculations of partition functions and line intensities at high temperatures. Then we have extended the calculation to higher temperatures. The simulated spectra of υ2 band of the asymptotic asymmetric-top HO2 molecule at 4000 and 5000 K are also obtained.

Cu Partitioning Behavior and Its Effect on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 0.12C-1.33Mn-0.55Cu Q&P Steel

Cu, as an austenitic stable element, is added to steel in order to suppress the adverse effects of high content of C and Mn on welding. Based on C partitioning, Cu and Mn partitioning can further improve the stability of retained austenite in the intercritical annealing process. A sample of low carbon steel containing Cu was treated by the intercritical annealing, then quenching process（I＆Q）. Subsequently, another sample was treated by the intercritical annealing, subsequent austenitizing, then quenching and partitioning process（I＆Q＆P）. The effects of element partitioning behavior in intercritical region on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the steel were studied. The results showed that after the I＆Q process ferrite and martensite could be obtained, with C, Cu and Mn enriched in the martensite. When intercritically heated at 800 ℃, Cu and Mn were partitioned from ferrite to austenite, which was enhanced gradually as the heating time was increased. This partitioning effect was the most obvious when the sample was heated at 800 ℃ for 40 min. At the early stage of α→γ transformation, the formation of γ was controlled by the partitioning of carbon, while at the later stage, it was mainly affected by the partitioning of Cu and Mn. After the I＆Q＆P process, the partitioning effect of Cu and Mn element could be retained. C was assembled in retained austenite during the quenching and partitioning process. The strength and elongation of I＆Q＆P steel was increased by 5 305 MPa% compared with that subjected to Q＆P process. The volume fraction of retained autensite was increased from 8.5% to 11.2%. Hence, the content of retained austenite could be improved significantly by Mn and Cu partitioning, which increased the elongation of steel.

Study on high-temperature spectra of asymptotic asymmetric-top radical SiO_2

Total internal partition sums are calculated in the product approximation at temperatures up to 6000K for the asymptotic asymmetric-top SiO2 molecule. The rotational partition function and the vibrational partition function are calculated with the rigid-top model and in the harmonic oscillator approximation, respectively. Our values of the total internal partition sums are consistent with the calculated value in the Gaussian program within $-0.137$% at 296K. Using the calculated partition functions and the rotationless transition dipole moment squared as a constant, we calculate the line intensities of 001--000 band of SiO2 at normal, medium and high temperatures. Simulated spectra of the 001--000 band of the asymptotic asymmetric-top SiO2 molecule at 2000, 5000 and 6000K are also obtained.

High Temperature Spectrum for v3 Band of Carbon Dioxide

全部的内部分区和(尖端) 为 ~(12 ) 在温度被计算直到 6000 K C~(16 ) O_2。用计算分区函数，我们生产ν _ 的线紧张 ~(12 ) 的 3 乐队在几高温度的 C~(16 ) O_2。结果证明计算的线紧张在在直到 3000 K 的温度的 HITRAN 数据库的对那些的很好的同意，它在高温度为尖端和线紧张的计算提供强壮的支持。然后，计算被扩大推进高温度，和ν _ 的模仿的系列 ~(12 ) 的 3 乐队在 5000 和 6000 K 的 C~(16 ) O_2 被报导。