Dielectric nanocomposites with superb high-temperature capacitive performance based on high intrinsic dielectric constant polymer

Advancements in power electronics necessitate dielectric polymer films capable of operating at high temperatures and possessing high energy density.Although significant strides have been achieved by integrating inorganic fillers into high-temperature polymer matrices,the inherently low dielectric constants of these matrices have tempered the magnitude of success.In this work,we report an innovative nanocomposite based on sulfonylated polyimide(SPI),distinguished by the incorporation of sulfonyl groups within the SPI backbone and the inclusion of wide bandgap hafnium dioxide(HfO_(2))nanofillers.The nanocomposite has demonstrated notable enhancements in thermal stability,dielectric properties,and capacitive performance at elevated temperatures.Detailed simulations at both molecular and mesoscopic levels have elucidated the mechanisms behind these improvements,which could be attributed to confined segmental motion,an optimized electronic band structure,and a diminished incidence of dielectric breakdown ascribed to the presence of sulfonyl groups.Remarkably,the SPI-HfO_(2)nanocomposite demonstrates a high charge-discharge efficiency of 95.7%at an elevated temperature of 150℃and an applied electric field of 200 MV/m.Furthermore,it achieves a maximum discharged energy density of 2.71 J/cm^(3),signalling its substantial potential for energy storage applications under extreme conditions.

Error Correction in Permittivity Measurement of High Dielectric Constant Materials Based on Cavity Perturbation Method

The purpose of this paper is to reduce the error when measuring high dielectric constant materials.In this paper,the reason why the error introduced is analyzed firstly.Then,with HFSS,the method of choosing the size of cavity and the dimension of dielectric materials is proposed.And several error correction curves are provided for measuring high dielectric constant materials.Finally,the experiment is conducted to validate the feasibility of our analysis.

Dielectric Properties of Fishbone Kutum and Composite Materials with Its Participation

This paper presents the results of studying the frequency dependence of permittivity and dielectric loss of fishbone (Fb) Kutum and polyethylene composites filled with nanoparticles fishbone Kutum and the influence of aluminum(Al) nanoparticles with dimensions 80-nm on the dielectric properties of polymer composites. Studies were carried out at the frequency range of 0 - 1 MHz. It was found that the variation of the volume of filler content of fishbone and aluminum nanoparticles might be prepared composite materials with the required dielectric parameters.

Ternary polymer nanocomposites with concurrently enhanced dielectric constant and breakdown strength for high-temperature electrostatic capacitors

The exploration of high-energy-density electrostatic capacitors capable of operating both efficiently and reliably at elevated temperatures is of great significance in order to meet advanced power electronic applications.The energy density of a capacitor is strongly dependent on dielectric constant and breakdown strength of a dielectric material.Here,we demonstrate a class of solution-processable polymer nanocomposites exhibiting a concurrent improvement in dielectric constant and breakdown strength,which typically show a negative correlation in conventional dielectric materials,along with a reduction in dielectric loss.The excellent performance is enabled by the elegant combination of nanostructured barium titanate and boron nitride fillers with complementary functionalities.The ternary polymer nanocomposite with the optimized filler compositions delivers a discharged energy density of 2.92 J cm^−3 and a Weibull breakdown strength of 547 MV m^−1 at 150℃,which are 83%and 25%,respectively,greater than those of the pristine polymer.The conduction behaviors including interfacial barrier and carrier transport process have been investigated to rationalize the energy storage performance of ternary polymer nanocomposite.This contribution provides a new design paradigm for scalable high-temperature polymer film capacitors.

Percolation of carbon nanomaterials for high-k polymer nanocomposites

High-k polymer composite materials are next-generation dielectrics that show amazing applications in diverse electrical and electronic devices. Establishing near-percolated network of conducting filler in an insulating polymer matrix is a promising approach to develop flexible high-k dielectrics. However, challenges still exist today on fine controlling the network morphology to achieve extremely high k values and low losses simultaneously. The relationship between the network morphology and the dielectric properties of polymer composites is raising a number of fundamental questions. Herein, recent progress towards high-k polymer composites based on carbon nanomaterials is reviewed. Particular attention is paid on the influence of the network morphology on the dielectric properties. Some perspectives that warrant further investigation in the future are also addressed.

Relaxor behavior and electrical properties of high dielectric constant materials

Several typical high dielectric constant materials are reviewed to study the electrical properties and relaxation mechanism. It is found that a Lorenz-type law can be used to describe the dielectric permit- tivity of either the normal ferroelectrics with or without diffuse phase transitions (DPT) or the typical ferroelectric relaxors. The ferroelectric DPT can be well described by just one fitting process using the Lorenz-type law, while the relaxor ferroelectric transition needs two independent fitting processes. The Lorenz-type law fails at the low temperature side of the dielectric maximum of a first-order ferroelectric phase transition. Above the transition temperature, the dielectric curves of all the studied materials can be well described by a Lorenz-type law.

Fabrication of BaTiO3/Epoxy Composites Exhibiting Large Dielectric Constant, Low Dielectric Loss and High Flexural Strength

BaTiO3/epoxy composites consisting of two three-dimensionally interpenetrating networks of BaTiO3 and epoxy phases were prepared using a new approach. The BaTiO3/epoxy composites exhibit a colossal dielectric constant, low dielectric loss and high flexural strength. In the BaTiO3 networks, chemically bonded grain boundaries between neighboring BaTiO3 grains were established, and they are responsible for the colossal dielectric constant and high flexural strength of the BaTiO3/epoxy composites. Furthermore, unlike the conventional ceramic/polymer composites, this approach also makes high loadings of BaTiO3 contents possible for the BaTiO3/epoxy composites without compromising their high flexural strength.

A Decisive Study on Dielectric Response of Bi2O3/Polystyrene &Bi2O3/PVDF Composite as Flexible Electrodes for Energy Storage

In this manuscript a comparative study on Bi2O3/polystyrene and Bi2O3/PVDF composites has been executed via analysis of structural, bonding, surface morphology and dielectric response of composites for energy storage. The composites have been synthesized using solution cast method by varying concentrations of Bi2O3 (BO = 1 - 5 mw%) into polystyrene (PS) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymers respectively. X-ray diffraction confirms the generation of crystallinity, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy confirms bonding behavior and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirms uniform distribution of Bi2O3 (BO) in PS and PVDF polymers. Impedance spectroscopy has been employed for determination of dielectric response of the fabricated composites. The dielectric constant has been found to be increased as 1.4 times of pristine PS to BO5%PS95% composites and 1.8 times of pristine PVDF to BO5%PVDF95% composites respectively. These high dielectric composite electrodes are useful for flexible energy storage devices.

Composite Materials Damage Modeling Based on Dielectric Properties

Composite materials, by nature, are universally dielectric. The distribution of the phases, including voids and cracks, has a major influence on the dielectric properties of the composite materials. The dielectric relaxation behavior measured by Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BbDS) is often caused by interfacial polarization, which is known as Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars polarization that develops because of the heterogeneity of the composite materials. A prominent mechanism in the low frequency range is driven by charge accumulation at the interphases between different constituent phases. In our previous work, we observed in-situ changes in dielectric behavior during static tensile testing, and also studied the effects of applied mechanical and ambient environments on composite material damage states based on the evaluation of dielectric spectral analysis parameters. In the present work, a two dimensional conformal computational model was developed using a COMSOL™multi-physics module to interpret the effective dielectric behavior of the resulting composite as a function of applied frequency spectra, especially the effects of volume fraction, the distribution of the defects inside of the material volume, and the influence of the permittivity and Ohmic conductivity of the host materials and defects.

RESEARCH ON THE HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPOSITE ROAD CONCRETE

Ordinary concrete presents short service life when used for building and repairing high-grade road with heavy traffic due to its large brittleness, poor bending flexibility and serious shrinkage on drying. In this paper, a new kind of high performance concrete has been designed by means of combination of organic, inorganic material as well as metal material. The research and application have shown that this new concrete can significantly counteract the deficiency of ordinary concrete and give excellent mechanical properties and pavement performances. The application of this new kind of concrete is of great social and economic significance.

Improving the Dielectric Properties of High Density Polyethylene by Incorporating Clay-Nanofiller

Polymer nanocomposites have been used for various important industrial applications. The preparation of high density polyethylene composed with Na-montmorillonite nanofiller using melt compounding method for different concentrations of clay-nanofiller of 0%, 2%, 6%, 10%, and 15% has been successfully done. The morphology of the obtained samples was optimized and characterized by scanning electron microscope showing the formation of the polymer nanocomposites. The thermal stability and dielectric properties were measured for the prepared samples. Thermal gravimetric analysis results show that thermal stability in polymer nanocomposites is more than that in the base polymer. It has been shown that the polymer nanocomposites exhibit some very different dielectric characteristics when compared to the base polymer. The dielectric breakdown strength is enhanced by the addition of clay-nanofiller. The dielectric constant (εr) and dissipation factor (Tan δ) have been studied in the frequency range 200 Hz to 2 MHz at room temperature indicating that enhancements have been occurred in εr and Tan δ by the addition of clay-nanofiller in the polymer material when compared with the pure material.

MOS器件Hf基高k栅介质的研究综述

随着金属氧化物半导体(MOS)器件尺寸的持续缩小,HfO2因其介电常数(k)高、带隙大等特点,成为取代传统SiO2栅介质最有希望的候选材料.本文综述了Hf基高k栅介质薄膜的近年的研究进展.针对HfO2结晶温度低、在HfO2薄膜和Si衬底间易形成界面层导致漏电流大、界面态密度高、击穿电压低等问题,回顾了最近论文报道的两种策略,即掺杂改性和插入缓冲层.接着举例讨论了Hf基材料从二元到掺杂氧化物/复合物的演变、非Si衬底上淀积Hf基高k栅介质、Hf基高k栅介质的非传统MOS器件结构,为集成电路(IC)中MOS器件的长期发展提供一些思路.

多层结构聚合物基复合电介质材料储能特性研究进展

聚合物电介质材料由于其成本低、击穿强度高、可靠性高等优点被广泛用于电力系统。但是聚合物电介质材料放电能量密度较低,难以满足新一代小型化电容器的需求,多层结构具有能够协同提升介电常数和击穿强度的优势,解决聚合物电介质介电常数与击穿强度之间的矛盾问题,实现具有优异储能特性的聚合物基电介质材料。文中综述了近年来多层结构聚合物基复合材料的研究进展,分析了多层结构中的极化与击穿现象,并详细讨论了聚合物基多层结构和无机层与聚合物基层结合的多层结构设计,归纳了一些能够提升多层结构聚合物基复合材料储能的方法。例如通过增加界面、优化多层结构中的填料分布以及构建过渡层的方法来提升储能特性。最后,对近年来多层结构聚合物基复合材料的进展进行了总结,并提出了未来的发展方向以及需要解决的关键问题。

形状记忆聚合物及其复合材料空间辐照环境效应研究进展

形状记忆聚合物及其复合材料具有密度低、可回复变形大、刺激方式可控、成本低等优点,可应用于空间可展开结构,但空间辐照环境对其在轨安全带来了严重的威胁。首先介绍了形状记忆聚合物及其复合材料的分类,接着总结了基于形状记忆聚合物的空间可展开结构应用现状,然后分析了高能电磁辐射、高能粒子辐射和原子氧等空间环境对形状记忆聚合物及其复合材料性能的影响,最后对形状记忆材料空间辐照环境效应的研究成果进行了总结并对未来发展方向进行了展望。

航空航天先进结构材料技术现状及发展趋势

先进材料技术是航空航天高新装备的发展先导,是支撑现代工业的关键基础技术,渗透到国防建设、国民经济和社会生活等方方面面,已成为世界各国争相发展的技术高地和国防重点。本文梳理分析航空航天先进结构材料近年来的技术现状及发展趋势,在高性能高分子材料及其复合材料、高温与特种金属结构材料、轻质高强金属及其复合材料、先进结构陶瓷及其复合材料四方面进行重点阐释,明确我国航空航天结构材料的研发与生产仍面临着跟踪研仿多、自主创新少、技术封锁严重、技术瓶颈亟待突破等困境。同时,本文对航空航天结构材料未来研究和发展提出展望,点明建立“产-学-研-用”完整技术体系的重要性。

高介电常数La_(2)O_(3)材料的制备方法及其介电性能研究进展

在众多高介电常数栅介质材料中氧化镧(La_(2)O_(3))因带隙大、热稳定性良好等特点而具有代替传统SiO_(2)栅介质材料的潜力。介绍了La_(2)O_(3)薄膜的制备方法,综述了目前改善La_(2)O_(3)薄膜介电性能的方法并展望了其未来发展前景。

移动通讯用低介电塑料基材的研究进展

纵观移动通讯的发展史,从最开始的有线、低频低速通讯到如今的无线、高频高速通讯,随着通讯行业的发展,对移动通讯的关键元件—印制电路板(PCB)的要求也逐渐提高。因此,开发低介电常数,低介电损耗,良好的耐热、尺寸稳定性的高分子PCB板尤为重要。本文主要介绍市场上的应用高频PCB低介电高分子材料,并重点阐述环氧树脂(EP),聚酰亚胺(PI),聚四氟乙烯(PTFE),液晶聚合物(LCP)用作PCB的优缺点及对其改性的研究情况。

Why Sustainable Porous Carbon Should be Further Explored as Radar-Absorbing Material? A Comparative Study with Different Nanostructured Carbons

Radar Absorbing Materials(RAM)are a class of composites that can attenuate incident electromagnetic waves to avoid radar detection.Most carbon allotropes that have the potential to be used as RAM are either carbon nano-tubes(CNTs),graphene,carbon black(CB)and ultimately,sustainable porous carbon(SPC).Here,black wattle bark waste(following tannin extraction)was used as a sustainable source to produce SPC made from biomass waste.It was characterized and used as afiller for a silicone rubber matrix to produce aflexible RAM.The elec-tromagnetic performance of this composite was compared with composites made with commercial CB and CNT through reflection loss(RL),where-10 dB is equivalent to 90%of attenuation.These composites were evaluated in single-layer,double-layer,and as radar absorbing structures(RAS)with the aim of improving their effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)performances and a reduction in costs.The CNT composite presented a RL of-26.85 dB at 10.89 GHz and an EAB of 2.6 GHz with a 1.9 mm thickness,while the double-layer structures using CNT and SPC provided a RL of-19.74 dB at 10.75 GHz and an EAB of 2.51 GHz.Furthermore,the double-layer structures are~42%cheaper than the composite using only CNT since less material is used.Finally,the largest EAB was achieved with a RAS using SPC,reaching~2.8 GHz and a RL of-49.09 dB at 10.4 GHz.Summarizing,SPC made of black wattle bark waste can be a competitive,alternative material for use as RAM and RAS since it is cheaper,sustainable,and suitable for daily life uses such as absorbers for anechoic chambers,sensors,and elec-tromagnetic interference shields for electronics,wallets,vehicles,and others.

PVDF基储能电介质的设计及性能调控相关进展

聚合物基介电电容器因具有击穿场强高、介电损耗低、自愈性好以及良好的可加工性等优势,成为了电子电力系统中重要的储能元器件。然而,聚合物的相对介电常数和放电能量密度较低,极大地限制了聚合物基固态电容器向小型化方向发展。因此,提高聚合物相对介电常数,研发高放电能量密度和高储能效率的聚合物基电容器成为了迫切需求。聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)以其良好的介电性能和较高的放电能量密度成为研究的热点。本文从电介质的储能原理出发,综述了近年来PVDF基纳米复合电介质材料的设计及其性能调控的主要方案:(1)聚合物+无机高介电纳米填料;(2)聚合物+无机低介电纳米填料;(3)聚合物+金属纳米粒子。本文为进一步提高聚合物基电介质的储能性能提供了重要参考。

耐高温吸波陶瓷及其涂层的研究进展

随着近现代科技的发展,高速飞行器对生存能力需求不断提高,其鼻锥、机翼、尾喷管等高温部件极易暴露。传统吸波材料普遍不能应用于高温环境,为了能够隐藏高速飞行器的高温部件,吸波材料的高温应用引起了研究人员的重视,耐高温吸波陶瓷材料可以实现上述背景下的应用。为提供分析和改善陶瓷吸波材料高温程度有限和吸收带宽较窄问题的依据,对引入温度影响后,耐高温吸波陶瓷材料的吸波机理进行了阐述。耐高温吸波陶瓷材料与涂层可以分为碳化物陶瓷、氮化物陶瓷、氧化物陶瓷和聚合物转化陶瓷。本文在此分类的基础上,对陶瓷吸波材料和涂层损耗电磁波机理及其高温条件下的吸波性能进行了归纳总结,并指出未来耐高温吸波陶瓷材料应改善现有材料耐高温程度不足以及有效吸收带宽较窄的问题,进而加强其在高温条件下的服役能力。