High efficient mixed culture screening and selected microbial community shift for bioleaching process

To screen the high efficient mixed culture and understand the bioleaching behaviors of mixed culture for low-grade copper sulfide ore bioleaching,ten mixed cultures were collected and screened from different acid mine drainages obtained from sulfide mines of China.The leaching rate was set as criterion to screen the mixed culture and the metagenomic approach.Community genome array（CGA） was used for analyzing the mixed culture microbial community shift during the bioleaching process.The results indicate that the mixed culture obtained from Yinshan（YS） lead-zinc mine in Dexing of Jiangxi province in China reaches the maximum copper extraction（68.89%） during the one bioleaching period of 24 d.CGA results show that YS culture contains nine kinds of bacteria which are belong to six divisions,and the microbial community structure is changing during the bioleaching process.This provides a good way to accelerate the bioleaching process and reveals the microbial community shift during the bioleaching process.

Establishment of a Highly Efficient Regeneration System for the Mature Embryo Culture of Wheat

Establishment of a highly efficient regeneration system for the mature embryo of wheat will provide a convenient tool for wheat tissue culture and transformation, thereby facilitating the transformation of foreign genes into wheat. By using the mature embryos derived from 20 different wheat lines including Shi 4185, Yumai 66, Lunxuan 987, CB037, Yangmai 6, Xinchun 9, Bobwhite, Han 6172, Zheng 9023, Jimai 20, Ningchun 4, and Jing 411, the effects of some factors including inoculation methods, initiating culture media, organic additives, antioxidants, and auxins on the regeneration from the explants were evaluated. The results indicated that the scraping embryo culture was better than the whole embryo culture, the Aa medium was better than the SD2 medium and dicamba was better than 2,4-D in increasing the regeneration frequency. An Adi medium was established in this study by adding silver nitrate, cysteine, ascorbic acid, dicamba, glutamine into the Aa medium at the concentration of 4,40, 100, 2, and 5 mg L^-1, respectively. By using the Adi medium and the scraping technique, the regeneration frequencies of the mature embryos of CB037, Lunxuan 987, Hart 6172, Yangmai 6, Bobwhite, Zheng 9023, Shi 4 185, and Jimai 20 became 85.6, 60,1, 46.0, 42.1,42.0, 34.0, 33.0, and 32.0%, respectively, which were about 5-8 times higher than that obtained from the conventional culture mediums and techniques. This novel regeneration system could be helpful in wheat transformation.

High Efficient Methods of Content-based 3D Model Retrieval

Content-based 3D model retrieval is of great help to facilitate the reuse of existing designs and to inspire designers during conceptual design. However, there is still a gap to apply it in industry due to the low time efficiency. This paper presents two new methods with high efficiency to build a Content-based 3D model retrieval system. First, an improvement is made on the ＂Shape Distribution （D2）＂ algorithm, and a new algorithm named ＂Quick D2＂ is proposed. Four sample 3D mechanical models are used in an experiment to compare the time cost of the two algorithms. The result indicates that the time cost of Quick D2 is much lower than that of D2, while the descriptors extracted by the two algorithms are almost the same. Second, an expandable 3D model repository index method with high performance, namely, RBK index, is presented. On the basis of RBK index, the search space is pruned effectively during the search process, leading to a speed up of the whole system. The factors that influence the values of the key parameters of RBK index are discussed and an experimental method to find the optimal values of the key parameters is given. Finally, ＂3D Searcher＂, a content-based 3D model retrieval system is developed. By using the methods proposed, the time cost for the system to respond one query online is reduced by 75% on average. The system has been implemented in a manufacturing enterprise, and practical query examples during a case of the automobile rear axle design are also shown. The research method presented shows a new research perspective and can effectively improve the content-based 3D model retrieval efficiency.

Two highly efficient accumulation models of large gas fields in China

Based on reserve abundance,large gas fields in China can be divided into two types：type one of high abundance large gas fields,dominated by structural gas reservoirs; type two of low abundance large gas fields,dominated by stratigraphic and lithologic gas reservoirs.The formation of these two types of large gas fields is related to the highly efficient accumulation of natural gas.The accumulation of high abundance gas fields is dependent on the rapid maturation of the source kitchen and huge residual pressure difference between the gas source kitchen and reservoir,which is the strong driving force for natural gas migration to traps.Whereas the accumulation of low abundance gas fields is more complicated,involving both volume flow charge during the burial stage and diffusion flow charge during the uplift stage,which results in large area accumulation and preservation of natural gas in low porosity and low permeability reservoirs.This conclusion should assist gas exploration in different geological settings.

Composite electron transport layer for efficient N-I-P type monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells with high open-circuit voltage

Perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells(PSTSCs) have exhibited huge technological potential for breaking the Shockley-Queisser limit of single-junction solar cells. The efficiency of P-I-N type PSTSCs has surpassed the single-junction limit, while the performance of N-I-P type PSTSCs is far below the theoretical value. Here, we developed a composite electron transport layer for N-I-P type monolithic PSTSCs with enhanced open-circuit voltage(VOC) and power conversion efficiency(PCE). Lithium chloride(Li Cl) was added into the tin oxide(SnO_(2)) precursor solution, which simultaneously passivated the defects and increased the electron injection driving force at the electron transfer layer(ETL)/perovskite interface.Eventually, we achieved monolithic PSTSCs with an efficiency of 25.42% and V_(OC) of 1.92 V, which is the highest PCE and VOCin N-I-P type perovskite/Si tandem devices. This work on interface engineering for improving the PCE of monolithic PSTSCs may bring a new hot point about perovskite-based tandem devices.

Highly Efficient Greenish-Yellow Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Based on a Novel 2,3-Diphenylimidazo[1,2-a]Pyridine Iridium(Ⅲ) Complex

A cyclometalated greenish-yellow emitter 2,3-diphenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine iridium（Ill） complex is successfully synthesized and used to fabricate phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes. The optimized device exhibits a greenish-yellow emission with the peak at 523nm and a strong shoulder at 557nm, corresponding to Commission Internationale de l＇Eclairage coordinates of （0.38, 0.68）. The full width at half maximum of the device is 93 nm, which is broader than the fac-tris（2-phenylpyridine）iridium [Ir（ppy）3] based reference device of 78 nm. Meanwhile, a maximum current efficiency of 62.6 cd/A （47.51m/W） is obtained. This result is higher than a maximum current efficiency of 54.8 cd/A （431m/W） of the Ir（ppy）a based device. The results indicate that this new iridium complex may have potential applications in fabricating high color rendering index white organic light emitting diodes.

High efficient Sr/S isolation for preparing Sr(OH)_2 from celestite(SrSO_4) in alkaline solution

The bottleneck of strontium compounds preparing from celestite is the promotion of Sr/S isolation efficiency.Low energy consumption and zero release method for isolating Sr/S in preparing Sr(OH)2 process from celestite in mild condition was described.Sr element remained in precipitation with formation of Sr(OH)2,while S element entered into leachate with formation of Na2SO4.The effects of initial concentration of NaOH,conversion temperature,liquid-to-solid(L/S)ratio and conversion time on Sr/S ratio of samples for celestite conversion were systematically investigated by experiments.The results demonstrated that the efficiency of Sr/S isolation increased with the initial concentration of NaOH,L/S ratio and conversion time,and decreased with conversion temperature.The maximum conversion ratio of Sr(OH)2 was 93.88%under the optimum condition,whose Sr/S ratio of sample could reach to 41.16.It illustrated that better isolation efficiency of celestite could be achieved in alkaline treatment.The results of SEM-EDS analyses demonstrated that the conversion reaction was a dissolution-precipitation process.

Highly efficient CRISPR-SaKKH tools for plant multiplex cytosine base editing

Base editing, as an expanded clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)-Cas genome editing strategy, permits precise and irreversible nucleotide conversion. SaKKH, an efficient variant of a Cas9 ortholog from Staphylococcus aureus(SaCas9), is important in genome editing because it can edit sites with HHHAAT protospacer adjacent motif(PAM) that the canonical Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9(SpCas9) or its variants(e.g. xCas9, Cas9-NG) cannot. However, several technical parameters of SaKKH involved base editors have not been well defined and this uncertainty limits their application. We developed an effective multiplex cytosine base editor(SaKKHn-pBE) and showed that it recognized NNARRT, NNCRRT, NNGRGT, and NNTRGT PAMs. Based on 27 targets tested, we defined technical parameters of SaKKHn-pBE including the editing window, the preferred sequence context, and the mutation type. The editing efficiency was further improved by modification of the SaKKH sgRNA. These advances can be applied in future research and molecular breeding in rice and other plants.

A fast approach to optimize dye loading of photoanode via ultrasonic technique for highly efficient dye-sensitized solar cells

A distinctive method is proposed by simply utilizing ultrasonic technique in Ti02 electrode fabrication in order to improve the optoelectronic performance of dye-sensitized solar cells （DSSCs）. Dye molecules are at random and single molecular state in the ultrasonic field and the ultrasonic wave favors the diffusion and adsorption processes of dye molecules. As a result, the introduction of ultrasonic technique at room temperature leads to faster and more well-distributed dye adsorption on TiO2 as well as higher cell efficiency than regular deposition, thus the fabrication time is markedly reduced. It is found that the device based on 40 kHz ultrasonic （within 1 h） with N719 exhibits a Voc of 789 mV, Jsc of 14.94 mA]cm2 and fill factor （FF） of 69.3, yielding power conversion efficiency （PCE） of 8.16%, which is higher than device regularly dyed for 12 h （PCE = 8.06%）. In addition, the DSSC devices obtain the best efficiency （PCE = 8.68%） when the ultrasonic deposition time increases to 2.5 h. The DSSCs fabricated via ultrasonic technique presents more dye loading, larger photocurrent, less charge recombination and higher photovoltage. The charge extraction and electron impedance spectroscopy （EIS） were performed to understand the influence of ultrasonic technique on the electron recombination and performance of DSSCs.

A Simple and Highly Efficient Enantioselective Synthesis of (<i>S</i>)-Rivastigmine

A highly efficient and convenient procedure for the enantioselective synthesis of (S)-Rivastigmine, a cholinergic agent for the treatment of mild to moderate dementia of the Alzheimer’s type and dementia due to Parkinson’s disease, is accomplished by the treatment of versatile, readily accessible (S)-(-)-2-methyl-2-propanesulfinamide with 3-hydroxyacetophenone. This protocol provides high yield and excellent enantiomeric excess in short step synthesis.

Solution processed nano-ZnMgO interfacial layer for highly efficient inverted perovskite solar cells

Interfacial layer has a significant impact on the achievement of highly efficient organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells(PSCs). Here, we introduced a nano-ZnMgO(magnesium doped ZnO, abbreviated as ZnMgO) as interfacial layer between [6, 6]-Phenyl C_(61) butyric acid methyl ester(PC_(61) BM) layer and Al electrode to replace LiF or ZnO interlayer and enhance device performance. The device efficiency has been improved from 11.43% to 15.61% and the hysteresis was decreased dramatically. Such huge enhancement of power convert efficiency(PCE) can be attributed to the low dark current density, enhancement of electron-selective contact, and low energy barrier at the PC_(61) BM/Al interface. We suggest that this simple nano-scale interlayer can provide an efficient charge transport and extraction for highly efficient PSCs.

Safe and High-efficient Cultivation Technology for Facility Carrot Industrialization

Based on the current problems in carrot production,Laixi City of Shandong Province adopted 5 m large arch shed double-layer plastic film to cultivate " Three Red" carrot,selected varieties suitable for export,ridging double-row mechanical drilling,integrated water and fertilizer management,carrot residue composting and returning to field,and finally realized safe and high efficient production of facility carrot industrialization.

Research on Experimental and Application for the High Efficient Enrichment of the Low-grade Precious Metal Materials

On the basis of reviewing the progress in the high efficient enrichment from secondary resources of low grade precious metals at home and abroad, a process route of the high efficient enrichment precious metals from secondary resources of low-grade metals by adding iron oxide as the trapping agent, reducing agent, additive, mixing uniformly and grinding, pelletizing, reduction, grinding and separation, and selectively acid leaching iron has been put forward in this paper. The experiments of reduction, grinding and separation, and selectively acid leaching iron were carried out mainly. Under the decided experiment parameters and conditions, iron generated during the reduction can trap precious metals during reduction, high active alloy powders were obtained from the reduced products by grinding and separation, the concentration of precious metals was obtained by acid leaching high active alloy powders. The better enrichment effect was obtained by adopting the technical route of processing. Other low grade noble metal materials and enrichment ratio of precious metals from the materials to acid products was high through acid leaching. This process has the advantages of simple process, environmental-friendly, strong adaptability of raw materials, high concentration ratio, which was regarded as a kind of the general efficient enrichment technology of low grade precious metal materials.

Cultivating High Efficient Bacteria of Degrading Pulping Wastewater by Ultraviolet Mutagenic Technology

Instead of pure bacteria, induction mutation of activated sludge by ultraviolet (Uv) was studied and used to treat pulping wastewater by continuous- flow. The result showed the mutagenic activated sludge had remarkable effect and application potential in pulping wastewater treatment. Comparing with common activated sludge, the mutagenic activated sludge was more suitable for lignose decomposition and had high decomposing efficiency.

Highly Efficient PCDTBT:PC71 BM Based Photovoltaic Devices without Thermal Annealing Treatment

We propose an effective method to fabricate highly efficient organic photovoltaic cells based on poly[N−9"-hepta-decanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4'7'-di-2-thienyl-2'1'3'-b-enzothiadiazole):[6,6]-phenyl C71−butyric acid methyl ester(PCDTBT:PC71BM).A power conversion efficiency of as high as 5.6%and a fill factor of 53.7%are achieved from the optimized cells.The influence of surface morphology of the active layer on the performance of the cells is also investigated.

Highly Efficient Power Conversion from Salinity Gradients with Ion-Selective Polymeric Nanopores

A polymeric nanopore membrane with selective ionic transport has been proposed as a potential device to convert the chemical potential energy in salinity gradients to electrical power. However, its energy conversion efficiency and power density are often limited due to the challenge in reliably controlling the size of the nanopores with the conventional chemical etching method. Here we report that without chemical etching, polyimide （PI） membranes irradiated with GeV heavy ions have negatively charged nanopores, showing nearly perfect selectivity for cations over anions, and they can generate electrical power from salinity gradients. We further demonstrate that the power generation efficiency of the PI membrane approaches the theoretical limit, and the maximum power density reaches 130m W/m2 with a modified etching method, outperforming the previous energy conversion device that was made of polymeric nanopore membranes.

High Yield and Efficient Cultivation Techniques of Rice under Rice- fish Intergrowth Model in Chengdu

The integrated planting and breeding of paddy fields is a kind of eco-planting and breeding mode which makes rice and aquatic animals benefit from each other,greatly reducing the harm of rice pests and diseases,using less or even no fertilizers or pesticides,greatly reducing the agricultural non-point source pollution,thus achieving the " multiple use of water,multiple harvests in one field,grain and fishing winwin,ecological and high efficient use. " In this paper,the high yield and efficient cultivation techniques of rice under the rice-fish intergrowth model in Chengdu was introduced from the aspects of selecting good paddy fields for fishing,using appropriate rice varieties,soaking disinfection,timely sowing and nurturing strong seedlings,reasonable close planting,reasonable fertilization,scientific water management,scientific pest control and rice harvests.

A HIGHLY EFFICIENT SYNTHESIS OF(5,10,15,20-TETRAPHENYLPORPHYRINATO)GALLIUM(Ⅲ)ACETATE

(TPP)OAc was obtained by refluxing Ga_2O_3 and the free base TPPH_2 in acetic acid containing sodium acetate in a yield of 65%.

Highly-Efficient Aerodynamic Optimal Design of Rotor Airfoil Using Viscous Adjoint Method

In order to overcome the efficiency problem of the conventional gradient-based optimal design method,a highly-efficient viscous adjoint-based RANS equations method is applied to the aerodynamic optimal design of hovering rotor airfoil.The C-shaped body-fitted mesh is firstly automatically generated around the airfoil by solving the Poisson equations,and the Navier-Stokes(N-S)equations combined with Spalart-Allmaras(S-A)one-equation turbulence model are used as the governing equations to acquire the reliable flowfield variables.Then,according to multi-constrained characteristics of the optimization of high lift/drag ratio for hovering rotor airfoil,its corresponding adjoint equations,boundary conditions and gradient expressions are newly derived.On these bases,two representative rotor airfoils,NACA0012 airfoil and SC1095 airfoil,are selected as numerical examples to optimize their synthesized aerodynamic characteristics about lift/drag ratio in hover,and better aerodynamic performance of optimal airfoils are obtained compared with the baseline.Furthermore,the new designed rotor with the optimized rotor airfoil has better hover aerodynamic characteristics compared with the baseline rotor.In contrast to the baseline airfoils optimized by the finite difference method,it is demonstrated that the adjoint optimal algorithm itself is practical and highly-efficient for the aerodynamic optimization of hover rotor airfoil.

Research and Development of New High-quality Short-season Cotton Varieties and the Industrial Application of High Efficiency Technologies in Shandong Province——Based on the Innovation of Building a Green and Efficient Farming System

Through the analysis of the impact of changes in the cotton planting industry on cotton production structure and benefit in Shandong under the national cotton production pattern in past ten years,based on the guarantee of food security and the overall ecological regional layout of Shandong s agricultural characteristic and advantageous industries,we proposed that through the development of high-quality short-season cotton and the industrial application of high-efficiency technologies,a green and high-efficiency farming system should be established to comprehensively reduce cotton planting costs,improve comparative benefits,and realize green and efficient optimization technologies that unify the stable production of cotton and high-quality cotton supply and the industrial path supported by the new industrial model.It is aimed to speed up the upgrading and transformation of the existing traditional cotton cropping system,reconstruct a ternary structure of grains,economic crops and fodder in the ecological suitable cotton areas and sub-suitable cotton areas in Shandong,and maintain a series of new green and ecological cotton rotation industrial models including the“double security”of the grain and cotton industries,the ecological“double superiority”of "cotton and fodder",and the high-efficiency"double increase"of cotton and garlic,providing a certain foundation for the research on technological integration innovation and industrial structure optimization of the green,efficient and high-quality development and transformation of the cotton industry in Shandong during the"14 th Five-Year Plan"period.