Microstructure, mechanical and corrosion properties of magnesium alloy bone plate treated by high-energy shot peening

To enhance the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys,high-energy shot peening(HESP)was used.According to the results,the in-situ surface nanocrystallization(ISNC)microstructure was fabricated on the magnesium alloy surface,and its formation mechanism was the coordination among twins,dislocations,subgrain boundary formation and dynamic recrystallization.Under the released surface stress of sample,the residual compressive stress and microhardness rose,thus enhancing compactness of the surface passivation film Mg(OH)2.Besides,the corrosion rate dropped by 29.2% in maximum.In the polarization curve,the maximum positive shift of the corrosion potential of sample was 203 mV, and the corrosion current density decreased by 31.25% in maximum.Moreover,the compression resistance and bending resistance of the bone plate were enhanced,and the maximum improvement rates were 18.2% and 23.1%,respectively.Accordingly,HESP significantly enhanced mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys.

Microstructure evolution of AZ91D induced by high energy shot peening

A nanostructured surface layer was fabricated on a AZ91D magnesium alloy by using a high-energy shot peening(HESP).HESP induced structure along the depth of the treated sample surface layer was characterized by means of X-ray diffractometer (XRD),transmission electron microscope(TEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscope(HRTEM).The experimental results show that a deformed layer of about 50 μm has formed after HESP treatment and the average grain size increases from about 40 nm in the surface layer to about 200 nm at the depth of 40 μm.The surface nanocrystallization can realize intercoordination of the dislocations slipping and dynamic recrystallization.The nanocrystalline grains have stacking faults and dislocation in their interiors.The microhardness of the top surface is about triplicate that of the coarse-grained matrix.

Prediction model for surface layer microhardness of processed TC17 via high energy shot peening

The bulk TC17was subjected to the high energy shot peening(HESP)at the air pressures ranging from0.35to0.55MPa and processing durations ranging from15to60min.The microhardness(HV0.02)from topmost surface to matrix of the HESP processed TC17was measured,which generally decreases with the increase of depth from topmost surface to matrix and presents different variation with air pressure and processing duration at different depths.A fuzzy neural network(FNN)model was established to predict the surface layer microhardness of the HESP processed TC17,where the maximum and average difference between the measured and the predicted microhardness were respectively8.5%and3.2%.Applying the FNN model,the effects of the air pressure and processing duration on the microhardness at different depths were analyzed,revealing the significant interaction between the refined layer shelling and the continuous grain refinement.

Internal Friction and Elastic Study on Surface Nanocrystallized 304 Stainless Steel Induced by High-energy Shot Peening

The 304 stainless steel with nanostructured surface layer was successfully obtained by using the high-energy shot peening (HESP) method. The internal friction and Young's modulus of this kind of surface nanocrystallized material were dynamically measured by means of the vibrating reed apparatus. The results implied that different treatment time could induce different microstructure and distribution characteristic of defects in this kind of materials. It is also demonstrated that there is a transition layer between the nano-layer on surface and the coarse grain region inside. The transition layer obviously has certain influence on the overall mechanical properties.

Microstructure characteristics of as-surface nanocrystallized 1420 aluminum alloy by high-energy shot peening

A nanostructured surface layer was fabricated on 1420 aluminum alloy by high-energy shot peening.Microstructures were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and high-resolution electron microscope(HRTEM), and microhardness measurement was conducted along the depth from top surface layer to matrix of the sample peened for 30 min. The results show that a nanocrystalline layer about 20 μm in thickness is formed on the surface of the sample after high-energy shot peening, in which the grain size is changed from about 20 nm to 100 nm. In the surface layer of 20 -50 μm in depth, the microstructure consists of submicron grains. The surface nanocrystallization is accomplished by dislocation slip. The microhardness of the top surface nanostructured layer is enhanced obviously after high-energy shot peening(HESP) compared with that of the coarse-grained matrix.

医用钛合金表面纳米化组织与性能研究

针对近β型TLM钛合金试样表面进行了不同时间的高能喷丸处理,采用金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)以及显微硬度仪等对不同喷丸处理后的试样进行了组织观察和性能测试。研究发现,在喷丸的近表层发生了纳米化,形成了一定厚度的纳米晶层。喷丸处理时间越长,最表层的平均晶粒尺寸越小,晶粒尺寸沿着厚度方向有梯度变化,距喷丸表面越远,晶粒尺寸就会越大。同时纳米晶层的显微硬度相对于基体组织有大幅提高,显微硬度距表面距离越远,显微硬度越低,硬度的提升主要是由于表面晶粒细晶强化的作用所致。

医用钛合金表面喷丸后微米压痕研究

采用高能喷丸强化(HESP)对医用钛合金进行了表面处理,并采用SEM、AFM、TEM和微米压痕对处理过程的微观组织演变及其微观力学性能进行了研究。结果表明,经过HESP处理,在材料表面形成了梯度组织,并且材料表面粗糙度随着冲击时间的增加而先增加后降低,逐渐趋于稳定;TEM分析显示材料表面经过处理形成了纳米晶。通过微米压痕分析发现,强化后的样品弹性模量随加工时间的增加而减小,最小值出现在处理60 min的表面位置,约为59.026 GPa,相对于未处理样品下降了15.78%,且随着喷丸时间的增加,屈服强度和应变硬化指数逐渐增加。

高能喷丸制备具有表面梯度结构的Ti-6Al-4V合金的疲劳裂纹扩展行为

通过高能喷丸(HESP)在Ti-6Al-4V合金表面成功制备梯度结构,并研究其对疲劳裂纹扩展的影响。采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪对HESP过程中的显微组织和残余应力演变进行表征。结果表明,材料表面形成的梯度纳米结构具有220μm深度的残余压应力层。梯度纳米结构的产生能改善合金的强塑性匹配。最大残余压应力产生于次表层,且随着喷丸时间的增加逐渐增大。HESP处理有效降低裂纹扩展速率,提高疲劳裂纹扩展寿命。残余压应力可降低裂纹尖端的有效应力强度因子范围(ΔK’eff),从而产生裂纹闭合效应并延缓裂纹扩展。同时,晶粒细化引起的晶界增加、有效滑移长度减小和裂纹尖端塑性区的协同作用也会使裂纹扩展阻力增大。

先进喷丸表面改性技术研究进展

综述了先进喷丸表面改性技术研究现状及应用,阐述了微粒子喷丸、激光喷丸、超声/高能喷丸、高压水射流喷丸的基本原理,与传统喷丸对比发现,微粒子喷丸可提高材料的耐磨性,激光喷丸可精确控制定位,超声/高能喷丸可实现材料表面纳米化,高压水射流喷丸可承受半柔性冲击并减少应力集中.此外,对各种喷丸技术综合分析并进行对比,认为超声喷丸、复合喷丸(高能-微粒喷丸,激光-机械喷丸)综合性能最佳,并展望了未来应重点开展的工作.

SS400钢焊接接头表层组织纳米均一化及硬度均一化处理

采用高能喷丸技术对 ＳＳ４００钢焊接接头的表面层进行处理 利用 ＸＲＤ，ＴＥＭ，ＳＥＭ对处理后的表面层进行结构表征，同时测量了高能喷丸引起的硬度变化 结果表明，高能喷丸处理可使焊接接头的表面层形成尺寸均匀、取向随机分布的纳米晶；焊接接头三个区域的纳米层硬度一致，且远高于高能喷丸处理前样品的硬度，实现了 ＳＳ４００钢焊接接头区表层组织纳米均一化和硬度均一化 表面纳米化对材料表面的强化有着重要的贡献。

铝合金表面纳米化处理及显微结构特征

采用高能喷丸技术在 14 2 0铝合金上制备出纳米晶结构表层 ,利用X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜及高分辨电子显微镜研究由表层沿厚度方向的结构变化特征 ,并对硬度沿厚度方向的变化进行分析。结果表明 :经过表面高能喷丸处理 ,样品表面形成了厚度约为 2 0 μm的纳米晶层 ,平均晶粒尺寸由约 2 0nm逐渐增加到约 10 0nm ;距表层约 2 0～ 5 0 μm为亚微细晶层 ;表面纳米化的程度与塑性变形量有关 ;表面纳米化是通过位错滑移的塑性变形方式实现的 ;与样品的内部相比 。

高能喷丸预处理对钛表面组织及生物活性微弧氧化层的影响

为了提高钛表面的生物活性,利用微弧氧化工艺分别在普通粗晶钛和表面高能喷丸细晶钛上制备了多孔TiO2氧化层。经光镜和透射电镜观察,喷丸钛表面形成厚度>40μm,直径100～200nm的等轴晶结构层。利用扫描电镜(带能谱分析)和X射线衍射仪对氧化层表面形貌、成分和相组成进行分析。结果表明,高能喷丸钛的表面生成的氧化层中含有α-Ca3(PO4)2相且钙磷百分含量提高。在粗糙的高能喷丸钛表面,微弧氧化速度在不同位置有所不同,氧化层与基体形成微机械咬合,基层结合力提高。

喷丸表面改性技术的研究进展

喷丸具有操作简单、耗能少、效率高、适应面广等优点,是金属材料表面改性的有效方法。综述了喷丸表面改性技术的最新进展,介绍了利用微粒冲击和微粒镶嵌镀膜提高材料的耐磨性能、通过高能和超声喷丸实现金属表面纳米化及简化氮化工艺的研究结果,总结了喷丸力学分析的现状,提出在喷丸技术领域今后应加强材料力学性能的研究,获得能够直接服务于工艺的工程计算方法,以开拓新的应用领域。

高能喷丸0Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢自纳米化机理

为在0Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢棒材端面制备出纳米晶,采用高能喷丸(HESP)对不锈钢棒材的端面进行表面自纳米化处理。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪对喷丸端塑性变形层不同深度的组织进行表征,并对0Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢在高能喷丸过程中的晶粒细化机理进行讨论。结果表明:在喷丸端大约70μm深度内形成纳米组织,其中喷丸表面的晶粒尺寸达到52nm左右。晶粒细化机理为:在小应变作用下主要是孪生变形把粗大晶粒细化成孪晶薄片,在大应变作用下,孪晶交叉把孪晶片细化成纳米晶粒,同时在孪晶交叉处产生应变诱导马氏体相变。

高能喷丸TA17近α钛合金晶粒细化机制

为研究TA17近α钛合金在高能喷丸(HESP)过程中的晶粒细化机制,采用高能喷丸对TA17近α钛合金棒材端面进行处理,利用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X射线衍射仪对喷丸变形层组织进行表征,按照变形层中不同深度的组织特征对晶粒细化机制进行探讨。结果表明:在喷丸表面形成35 nm左右的等轴纳米晶,在孪晶形成层中粗晶内形成较厚的孪晶薄片,在过渡层中位错滑移使孪晶薄片内生成小角度取向的亚晶,在纳米层中亚晶被转变成随机取向的等轴纳米晶。

高能喷丸对AZ31镁合金耐腐蚀性及硬度的影响

采用高能喷丸对AZ31镁合金棒材端面进行表面自纳米化处理,利用失重法研究了AZ31镁合金喷丸试样和未喷丸试样在中性5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能量色谱仪(EDS)对塑性变形层腐蚀后的表面形貌、元素分布进行了表征,利用微观硬度计测试了由喷丸表面到基体的硬度变化。结果表明,喷完后AZ31镁合金试样的腐蚀速率明显大于未喷丸的试样,随着腐蚀时间的延长,喷丸试样的腐蚀率急剧减小,然后缓慢降低,在喷丸表面形成了1层厚度约150μm的塑性变形区,在喷丸表面有裂纹存在。晶粒细化显著提高了母材表面的微观硬度,喷丸表面的微观硬度最高达到135HV,是母材的2倍多。

钛合金表面高能喷丸纳米化后的组织与性能

通过光镜、扫描电镜、硬度仪和透射电镜对TC4钛合金表面高能喷丸纳米化后的金相组织、晶粒尺寸、显微硬度进行测试分析。结果表明,处理后材料表面平均晶粒尺寸达到了纳米量级;在横截面上沿深度方向的晶粒细化程度逐渐减小;随距被处理表面距离增加,硬度增加程度越来越小;随处理时间延长,表面硬度有增加的趋势。并对其纳米化机理进行了讨论。

高能喷丸时间对TC4疲劳性能的影响

采用离心式喷丸机对TC4圆棒试样进行高能喷丸表面纳米化,研究了TC4表面纳米化及其对疲劳性能的影响,并进行了旋转弯曲疲劳试验;同时,通过SEM观察、硬度测试和XRD分析等对高能喷丸工艺提高疲劳极限的效果、表面损伤的影响等进行了分析。结果表明:采用离心式喷丸机进行高能喷丸使TC4材料的表面晶粒细化到18～22 nm,并有效地提高了其疲劳极限;随喷丸时间延长,晶粒尺寸进一步减小,但表层损伤程度加大,如何降低表面损伤,是高能喷丸提高疲劳极限的关键因素。

7A52铝合金焊接接头表面纳米化前后的性能分析

通过X射线、扫描电镜、显微硬度仪和摩擦磨损试验机等对7A52铝合金焊接接头高能喷丸处理前后的表面微观组织、晶粒尺寸、变形层厚度、显微硬度和耐磨性进行了测试分析.结果表明,经过20 min高能喷丸处理以后,母材、焊缝以及热影响区的表面平均晶粒尺寸分别为28.2,24.7和34.4 nm;表面变形层厚度约为36.5μm;材料焊接接头各个区域的表面硬度有所提高,焊接接头磨损率为0.005 6%,是高能喷丸前焊接接头磨损率的29.9%.

0Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢表面纳米化层的组织和性能

采用高能喷丸对0Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢棒材端面进行了表面自纳米化处理;利用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪和显微硬度计对塑性变形层的组织和性能进行了表征。结果表明:在距表面70μm左右的范围内形成了100 nm以下的等轴纳米晶;从基体到喷丸表面,变形层的显微组织依次为单相奥氏体、奥氏体和马氏体两相共存、单相马氏体;晶粒细化显著提高了塑性变形层的显微硬度。