Ethics of Human Resources Management in the Cameroonian Health System, Medical Nomadism and the Ineffectiveness of the Fight against High Blood Pressure

Context/objectives: The fight against Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) is a long-term undertaking, which requires available, motivated and well-managed human resources (HR). The administrative management of skills on both qualitative and quantitative levels is one of the essential functions of a health system. To better implement policies of fight against High Blood Pressure (HBP) and other chronic diseases, it is important to establish strategies to retain health personnel. This loyalty requires favorable working conditions and consideration of the contribution-reward couple. Good working conditions are likely to reduce the phenomenon of medical nomadism;conversely, poor HR management can contribute to their exodus towards exotic “green pastures”, thus leading to an additional crisis in the Cameroonian health system. The fight against HBP is a complex, multifaceted and multifactorial reality that requires appropriate management model for all types of resources mainly HR. The main objective of this research is to show the impact of poor management of human resources in Cameroon health system on medical nomadism and the ineffectiveness of the fight against High Blood Pressure. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive survey among five hundred (500) health facilities in the center region of Cameroon has been conducted. A stratified probabilistic technique has been used, and the number of health facilities to be surveyed has been determined using the “sample size estimation table” of Depelteau. The physical questionnaires have been printed and then distributed to data collectors. After data collection, the latter were grouped during processing in Excel sheets. The Chi-square test was used for data with a qualitative value and that of Kolmogorov-Sminorf for data with a quantitative value to assess the normality and reliability of data. The Crochach’s Alpha reliability test allowed us to have a summary of the means and variances and then to search for intragroup correlations between variables. Descriptive analysis was possible with the XLSTAT 2016 software. Results: 43.60% of Health Facilities (HF) managers were unqualified. 82.20% of HF managers have staff in a situation of professional insecurity. They are mainly contractual (49.00), decision-making agents (24.40%), casual agents (08.80). The proportion of unstable personnel is average of 22.00% and very unstable, 12.00%.

Effects of Health Education with Problem-Based Learning Approaches on the Knowledge, Attitude, Practice and Coping Skills of Women with High-Risk Pregnancies in Plateau Areas

Objective: Given the unique cultural background, way of life, and physical environment of the Tibetan Plateau, this study aims to investigate the effects of health education using problem-based learning (PBL) approaches on the knowledge, attitude, practice, and coping skills of women with high-risk pregnancies in this region. Methods: 76 high-risk pregnancy cases were enrolled at Tibet’s Linzhi People’s Hospital between September 2023 and April 2024. 30 patients admitted between September 2023 and December 2023 were selected as the control group and were performed with regular patient education. 46 patients admitted between January 2024 and April 2024 were selected as the observation group and were performed regular patient education with problem-based learning approaches. Two groups’ performance on their health knowledge, attitude, practice and coping skills before and after interventions were evaluated, and patient satisfaction were measured at the end of the study. Results: There was no statistical significance (P P P Conclusions: Health education with problem-based learning approaches is worth promoting as it can help high-risk pregnant women in plateau areas develop better health knowledge, attitude and practice and healthier coping skills. Also, it can improve patient sanctification.

Giving Food a Fiber Boost: Adding High Beta-Glucan Ingredient from Barley to Everyday Foods

Lack of dietary fiber contributes to many health issues, particularly chronic vascular diseases. Mixed linkage β-1.3 - 1.4 beta-glucan (beta-glucan, in this paper) is a confirmed beneficial ingredient for the human diet through reduction of cholesterol and the glycemic index. Barley contains the highest beta-glucan content of all the grains, and in this study, a percentage of flour from two high beta glucan lines was, each, added to an array of wheat-based food products to measure how it impacted total dietary fiber. Results showed that beta-glucan content was higher in all the products containing the added high beta-glucan flour, along with increased total dietary fiber content. Protein content in the food products is also increased with the higher protein in the barley flours added. Beta-glucan content in the barley-added products increased to 1.2% - 4.0% versus 0.2% - 0.5% in the pure wheat products, while the dietary fibers increased to 3.5% - 24.4% versus 2.1% - 9.1% in pure wheat product controls. This research provided experimental evidence that using a high beta-glucan barley ingredient in food can increase dietary fiber to benefit health.

Reproductive Health Knowledge Level of High School and University Students in Shanghai

Objective To understand the sexual and reproductive health knowledge level of high school and university students in Shanghai. Methods A total of 628 high school students and 709 college students were surveyed with anonymous self-administrated questionnaire in Shanghai. Results The median knowledge scores of students from colleges and high schools were 58 and 39, respectively. Those who had surfed the Internet, had browsed websites on reproductive health, or had communicated sex-related issues with fathers/classmates/friends had more reproductive health knowledge. In addition, the percentage of college students who had surfed the Internet, had browsed websites on reproductive health or had communicated sex-related issues with classmates/friends was higher than that of high school students. Conclusion The knowledge scores of respondents were rather low. Compared with the high school students, the college students had more reproductive health knowledge and sought the knowledge more actively.

Assessment of Environmental Health Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior among High School Students in a USA Southeast Texas School District

This cross-sectional descriptive study assessed general environmental health literacy among students focusing on their knowledge, skills, attitudes and behaviors regarding the environmental health, stewardship, and sustainability, using a questionnaire consisting of 35 core questions from the Centers for Diseases Control (CDCs). Students (N = 185) from three high schools in the district were asked through their class teachers to voluntarily complete the questionnaire. Results indicated that about 41% (n = 77) of the students lacked knowledge regarding potential sources of radiation exposure and 70% (n = 133) lacked knowledge regarding radon gas being the number one risk factor for lung cancer among non-smokers. Additionally, the ANOVA test indicated significant knowledge differences among school location. Students in school #1, located in the most affluent area, had significantly higher knowledge scores (M = 4.39) than school #2 located in a moderately affluent area (M = 3.50). Furthermore, we found significant differences in ethnicity on the environmental health attitude of the high school students. Black students reported lower positive environmental health attitude (M = 29.86) than White students (M = 32.63), Hispanic students (M = 32.33) and Asian students (M = 33.84). These findings demonstrated knowledge deficiency in some key areas in environmental health particularly the environmental diseases and conditions caused by manmade hazards such as pesticides, chemicals, radiation, air, water, and soil pollution. Targeted educational interventions to increase awareness and understanding of health effects, exposure to environmental hazards and carcinogens as well as risks associated to direct exposure as in this study, radon and radiation, should be provided to high school students. Practical education through tours where students can observe directly and participating in laboratory experiments could empower the students to translate this knowledge into positive environmental health behaviors and practices now and in the future.

Coping style and mental health on high school students

Objective: To explore the coping style of high school students and its relationship to mental health. Methods: Make a survey upon 320 students through coping style questionnaire and MSMH. Results: High school students often resort to problem solving and appeal to coping factors. No distinct gender difference is found in coping style. There are different degrees of correlation between coping style and mental health. Remarkable grade difference is shown in the factor of appealing in coping style and the three factors of compulsion, anxiety and mental imbalance in mental health. Conclusion: Relatively mature coping style has come into existence among high school students, but more guidance and assistance are in need in cultivating the coping style and improving the mental health.

Health concerns of veterans with high-level lower extremity amputations

Background: To identify health concerns of veterans with high-level lower extremity amputations.Methods: Through a cross-sectional study, general practitioners, an orthopedic specialist, psychologists, psychiatrists,physiotherapist and prosthetists examined 100 veterans using a short-form health-related quality of life questionnaire(SF-36) that assessed their ability to perform activities of daily living(ADL), instrumental activities of daily living(IADL) and life satisfaction(SWLS) after hip disarticulation or hemi-pelvectomy amputations. The assessment tool was designed to gather statistically useful information about their health needs.Results: The means of the Physical Component Summary(PCS), Mental Component Summary(MCS), SWLS, ADL and IADL were 48.58±29.6, 33.33±22.0, 19.30±7.7, 48.10±10.5 and 5.08±1.8, respectively. Somatization, depression, and anxiety were the most prevalent disorders;among the veterans who were visited by psychiatrists, 11.6% had a history of hospitalization in a psychiatry section, and 53.2% had a psychiatric visit. Regardless of their injury in battle, 34% of veterans were hospitalized. Hearing problems were common, and about four-fifths of the participants suffered from at least one orthopedic condition. Neuroma(49%) was the most common stump-related complication during orthopedic evaluations, though the prevalence of phantom pain was 81% during the pain assessment. A total of 87% of the participants had a history of wearing a prosthesis, but only 29% wore a prosthesis at the time of the present study.The Canadian-type of prosthesis was uncomfortable and not useful(27%) and excessively heavy(10%) according to the amputees.Conclusions: Understanding veterans’ characteristics and special needs are important to make sure that enough facilities and services are afforded to them. These findings emphasize the importance of paying close attention to different dimensions of health in veterans and can help health providers identify health needs and make regular assessments.

以数字技术推动人口高质量发展——基于健康人力资本的跨国实证研究

数字技术在促进经济增长和改善社会福祉方面发挥了积极作用,成为实现经济和社会高质量发展的重要引擎。数字技术是促进健康人力资本积累的重要途径和实现人口高质量发展的关键支撑。本文从理论层面系统阐述了数字技术促进健康人力资本积累的逻辑机制,并采用全球118个国家1990—2020年跨国面板数据,结合不同国家经济发展水平差异,从人口“生命长度和生命质量”两个维度,实证检验数字技术对健康人力资本积累的具体影响。研究发现,数字技术在大健康领域的广泛应用,有助于降低人口死亡率、提高人口健康预期寿命,进而促进健康人力资本积累;其作用途径主要通过提高政府卫生支出效率、提升数字健康素养、增加闲暇时间和促进环境改善四个路径来实现;数字技术在改善健康人力资本方面的差异与国家经济发展水平差距密切相关。基于以上分析,研究认为应加大医疗技术创新,发挥新型举国体制的优势,集中力量技术攻关,实现现代数字技术、医疗健康大数据、医疗全流程、医疗健康行业相关方多要素融合,创新中国式精准医疗发展模式。

北京市农村居民心理健康服务需求调查

针对当前北京市农村居民心理健康服务存在城乡发展不平衡和人才短缺等问题组织调研,指出北京市农村居民心理健康服务的现状和问题。通过对926份有效问卷分析发现,农民整体心理健康水平较高,70.52%对自己的心理健康状况比较满意,64.47%的居民对心理健康服务有需求,但在面对心理问题时只有24.8%表示肯定去寻求心理帮助,求助意愿较低;有17.17%的农村社区开展了心理健康服务,服务形式多样且居民的满意度非常高。建议关注农民心理健康,满足其心理健康服务需求,高职院校要加强高素质农民心理培育工作,明确高素质农民心理人才培育目标,建构人才培养的方向和模式,使得高素质农民心理人才作为内生力量参与到农村心理服务中去,以提升农村居民心理健康服务工作的质量。

“胡焕庸线”两侧高中生健康素养与静坐时长态势特征调查研究

背景目前“胡焕庸线”的学术价值已经延伸至其他相关学科,考虑到我国人口众多且分布差异较为明显的特点,本研究借鉴人口地理学的研究成果,旨在探索按照“胡焕庸线”的人口密度分布界定标准,深入研究了“胡焕庸线”两侧城乡高中生的健康素养和静坐时长的态势特征。目的调查分析“胡焕庸线”两侧东南半壁与西北半壁的城乡高中生健康素养与静坐时长的现状态势特征,为改善我国高中生的身心健康水平提供依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,于2019年1—3月对我国31个省(直辖市、自治区)在内的62所学校高一、高二学生进行健康素养与静坐时长的调研(统一提前邮寄配发健康素养调查问卷与静坐时间调查问卷各12400份)。采用多元线性回归模型分析方差膨胀系数,校正混杂因素后分析“胡焕庸线”两侧东南半壁与西北半壁高中生静坐时长的影响因素。结果最后纳入健康素养调查问卷9057份,其中东南半壁7489份(82.7%),西北半壁1568份(17.3%);纳入静坐时间调查问卷8031份,其中东南半壁6614份(82.4%),西北半壁1417份(17.6%)。东南半壁高中生健康素养评分、静坐时长均高于西北半壁(Z=-4.009、-9.198,P<0.001)。东南半壁年龄为17、18岁,女性,城乡,父亲学历为大专以下、大专,母亲学历为大专、本科,家庭年收入为1~万、5~万、8~万、>10万元,家庭人口数为1、3、7、9、≥10人的高中生健康素养评分均高于西北半壁(P<0.05);东南半壁年龄为15、16、18岁,男女,城乡,父亲学历为大专以下、大专,母亲学历为大专以下,家庭年收入为<1万、2.5~万、5~万、8~万、>10万元,家庭人口数为3、4、5、6人的高中生静坐时长均长于西北半壁(P<0.05)。多元线性回归模型分析结果显示,校正混杂因素后,东南半壁高中生静坐时长与家庭年收入(β=0.324)和母亲学历(β=0.644)均呈正相关,但与健康素养评分(β=-0.015)和父亲学历(β=-0.212)均呈负相关(P<0.05);标准化回归系数β比较,家庭年收入(0.164)>母亲学历(0.131)>父亲学历(-0.056)>健康素养评分(-0.050)。西北半壁高中生静坐时长与健康素养评分(β=0.017)、父亲学历(β=0.789)、母亲学历(β=0.540)均呈正相关(P<0.05);标准化回归系数β比较,父亲学历(0.163)>母亲学历(0.111)>健康素养评分(0.056)。结论东南半壁高中生健康素养评分、静坐时长均高于西北半壁。东南半壁高中生静坐时长与家庭年收入和母亲学历呈正相关,但与健康素养评分和父亲学历呈负相关;西北半壁高中生静坐时长与健康素养评分父母亲学历均呈正相关。家庭年收入对东南半壁高中生静坐时长影响的权重最高,父亲学历对西北半壁高中生静坐时长影响的权重最高。

青年强则国强:青年人口学前瞻与优化青年人口发展

从当年梁启超发出历史呼号“少年强则国强”、李大钊提出“青春中华之创造”到如今党的二十大报告发出时代强音“青年强,则国家强”,显示了一脉相承的青少年与国家发展联系紧密的认识逻辑。本文回顾和界定了青年及青年人口学的内涵,认为青年可定义为“风险型人口”和“资源型人口”两大类,继而讨论了“青年强”的三重含义,即青年人口储备充足、青年人口素质卓越和青年人口红利丰厚,充分诠释了“青年强,则国家强”时代命题的深刻内涵。概言之,人尽其才则“青年强”,才尽其用则“国家强”。本文从国际比较的视角阐述了我国青年人口发展面临的问题和挑战,突出表现为:中国未来青年人口数量将长期处于缩减状态;青年人口的科学文化素质、身体健康素质和思想素质都有待“提质增效”;就业不充分,青年人口红利没有被充分释放。因此,要优化青年人口发展、进一步增强青年力量,采取相应的对策来强化青年人口储备、优化青年人口素质、极化青年人口红利、激发全人口活力。在人口负增长时代,建设适宜青年生存与发展的青年友好型社会极为必要,把解决青年问题作为解决低生育率等社会人口问题的重要突破口迫在眉睫。

高中生心理健康素养量表的编制

通过借鉴国内外心理健康素养量表的概念框架与设计理念,编制符合我国当代高中生心理健康教育发展现状,且便于在学校开展测量的心理健康素养量表。采用基于前人研究编制的52项条目的高中生心理健康素养量表和作为效标的中国中学生心理健康量表对接近全国普通高中水平的两所学校的高中生开展调查并回收有效问卷798份,经探索性因素分析、验证性因素分析和信效度分析,该量表最终条目为23项,分为知识、态度、行为/技能与表现三个维度,且信效度良好,可以较好地评估我国高中生的心理健康素养水平。

泰国社会保障的演进历程、核心特征与经验镜鉴

高质量社会保障体系是促进经济发展、维护社会公平、增进民生福祉的关键路径与制度保证。作为全球新兴工业国家,泰国是东南亚地区较早建立社会保障制度的国家之一,其社会保障发展历经混乱统治下的艰难创立阶段与民主道路下的优化升级阶段,实现了从无到有、从有到优的结构性变革,完成了从仅针对特殊群体的初步框架到群体扩张、较为完善保障体系的关键蜕变。泰国围绕社会保障立法、社会保险项目扩充、社会救助体系构建及全民健康推进等要旨渐序推进其体系化建设。立足多维要素、经济优先、碎片差异、家庭兜底及公民健康等特征,泰国社会保障体系形塑“低成本投入,高效能保障”范例的同时,也存在泛政治化、碎片化的潜在弊端,致使其社会保障体系对经济发展、社会稳定、公平维护等产生利弊双刃剑影响。泰国社会保障体系在家庭潜能的培育、人力资本的开发、公正平等的促进上取得较大成效,尤其是其全民医疗创新实践的成功,更是证明了普惠医疗并非发达福利国家的“专利”。泰国社会保障的发展可为发展中国家提供经验借鉴,社会保障制度的构建需在动态社会保障体系的建设、社会保障功能的评估与监测、家庭社会保障的建构及全民健康福祉的推进等方面加强科学性整合与内源性改革。

新质生产力驱动卫生系统重塑的当前表现与潜在挑战

新质生产力概念的提出是对传统生产力理论的拓展和深化,是对经济社会发展的深刻洞察和前瞻引领,为理解和应对新时代机遇和挑战提供了重要的理论指导和实践框架。新质生产力关注产业的高级化和现代化进程,是摆脱传统增长路径、符合高质量发展要求的新型生产力,强调了科技创新、知识经济、信息化和数字化等新型生产要素和组合形态在生产力进化中的关键作用。新质生产力释放了驱动卫生系统高质量发展的新动力,在指导卫生系统变革与重塑过程上具有时代意义。通过论述新质生产力驱动卫生系统重塑过程中的表现和挑战,旨在将新质生产力概念引入卫生政策与管理领域,以期引发学界探讨其在卫生领域的重塑潜力和阻碍,为政策制定者和卫生管理者提供理论依据和决策参考。

基于RMP分析法的成都市康养旅游产业高质量发展路径研究

随着成都市“三城三都”战略规划的持续推进,康养旅游已然迈入了新型支柱产业行列,成为新的经济增长点。文章基于RMP分析法,结合实地调研,探析了成都市康养旅游资源(R)、市场(M)和产品(P)。研究发现:成都市康养旅游资源独特且丰富,产品可塑性强,市场空间巨大,康养旅游产业有较广阔的发展空间。根据RMP分析结果,从政府主导、需求牵引、要素驱动的视角提出了成都市康养旅游产业高质量发展构想,以期助推成都市康养旅游健康、持续、优质发展。

公立医院高质量发展背景下科普工作面临的挑战与对策

通过分析公立医院科普工作中存在的问题,从强化科普管理体系、人才培养体系、科普传播体系、内容创作体系等方面提出公立医院提高健康科普工作质量的建议,为医院建立完善的科普工作机制,发挥公立医院在健康管理中的引领示范作用提供参考。

儿童软糖中合成着色剂的含量测定及健康风险评估

目的 检测市售8种儿童软糖中所添加的5种合成着色剂(柠檬黄、日落黄、诱惑红、胭脂红、亮蓝)的含量,并对其进行健康风险评估。方法 采用GB 5009.35—2016《食品安全国家标准食品中合成着色剂的测定》中的高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)进行检测,样品采用水浴温热溶解、聚酰胺吸附提取、HPLC检测,以甲醇/乙酸铵为流动相,紫外检测波长为254 nm,根据保留时间定性,基于外标峰面积法定量。运用靶标危害系数(target hazard quotient,THQ)法对儿童软糖中所添加的合成着色剂进行健康风险评估。结果 5种合成着色剂的含量在0.384~7.875 mg/kg之间,标准曲线均具有较好的线性关系(r~2>0.99),各着色剂的检出限(limits of detection,LODs)为0.0203~0.1600 mg/kg,定量限(limits of quantification,LOQs)为0.0614~0.4836 mg/kg,加标回收率大于95%,5种合成着色剂的THQ及总THQ值(total target hazard quotient,TTHQ)均小于1,对儿童健康无明显风险。结论 通过儿童软糖摄取的合成着色剂的健康风险很小,与儿童软糖的小包装、食用量少有关,还需要配合家长对儿童糖果摄入的合理管理。本研究为儿童软糖的购买和食用提供了科学建议。

乡村振兴背景下森林康养特色旅游高质量发展探讨

乡村振兴战略,其根本在于推进乡村产业发展,森林康养特色资源的挖掘,为解决乡村发展难题提供了有效路径。作为新型旅游业态,森林康养品牌的打造,要坚持高质量发展规划,将产业资源整合、保护与开发衔接起来,挖掘地方资源禀赋,优化完善相关配套设施,重视现代康养医疗技术与旅游产业链的跨界发展,促进森林康养产业成为推动乡村经济转型升级的新的增长点。

高参数大型游乐设施服役健康管控技术体系设计

高参数大型游乐设施结构型式多样,运动型式复杂,失效模式众多。其服役健康管控涉及风险评价、检测/监测、故障诊断、寿命评估、健康评价、使用管理等多方面。只有建立全面系统的健康管控技术体系,才能从根本上保障设施的运行安全。以高参数大型游乐设施为研究对象,以设备失效、故障和事故为问题导向,设计了系统科学的健康管控技术体系,分别从健康管控指标体系、检测/监测关键技术、健康评价关键技术、健康恢复与保持等四方面分析了有待解决的技术问题和服役健康研究方向。研究结果为全行业开展相关技术研究提供了思路和指导。