Colorless to black switching with high contrast ratio via the electrochemical process of a hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite

Colorless‐to‐black switching has attracted widespread attention for smart windows and multifunctional displays because they are more useful to control solar energy.However,it still remains a challenge owing to the tremendous difficulties in the design of completely reverse absorptions in transmissive and colored states.Herein,we report on an electrochemical device that can switch between colorless and black by using the electrochemical process of hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite MAPbBr_(3),which shows a high integrated contrast ratio of up to 73%from 400 to 800 nm.The perovskite solution can be used as the active layer to assemble the device,showing superior transmittance over the entire visible region in neutral states.By applying an appropriate voltage,the device undergoes reversible switching between colorless and black,which is attributed to the formation of lead and Br_(2)in the redox reaction induced by the electron transfer process in MAPbBr_(3).In addition,the contrast ratio can be modulated over the entire visible region by changing the concentration and the applied voltage.These results contribute toward gaining an insightful understanding of the electrochemical process of perovskites and greatly promoting the development of switchable devices.

Parameters Sensitivity Characteristics of Highly Integrated Valve-Controlled Cylinder Force Control System

Nowadays, a highly integrated valve?controlled cylinder(HIVC) is applied to drive the joints of legged robots. Although the adoption of HIVC has resulted in high?performance robot control, the hydraulic force system still has problems, such as strong nonlinearity, and time?varying parameters. This makes HIVC force control very diffcult and complex. How to improve the control performance of the HIVC force control system and find the influence rule of the system parameters on the control performance is very significant. Firstly, the mathematical model of HIVC force control system is established. Then the mathematical expression for parameter sensitivity matrix is obtained by applying matrix sensitivity analysis(PSM). Then, aimed at the sinusoidal response under(three factors and three levels) working conditions, the simulation and the experiment are conducted. While the error between the simulation and experiment can’t be avoided. Therefore, combined with the range analysis, the error in the two performance indexes of sinusoidal response under the whole working condition is analyzed. Besides, the sensitivity variation pattern for each system parameter under the whole working condition is figured out. Then the two sensitivity indexes for the three system parameters, which are supply pressure, proportional gain and initial displacement of piston, are proved experimentally. The proposed method significantly reveals the sensitivity characteristics of HIVC force control system, which can make the contribution to improve the control performance.

Highly integrated sulfur cathodes with strong sulfur/high-strength binder interactions enabling durable high-loading lithium-sulfur batteries

The development of high-sulfur-loading Li-S batteries is a key prerequisite for their commercial applications.This requires to surmount the huge polarization,severe polysulfide shuttling and drastic volume change caused by electrode thickening.High-strength polar binders are ideal for constructing robust and long-life high-loading sulfur cathodes but show very weak interfacial interaction with non-polar sulfur materials.To address this issue,this work devises a highly integrated sulfur@polydopamine/highstrength binder composite cathodes,targeting long-lasting and high-sulfur-loading Li-S batteries.The super-adhesion polydopamine(PD)can form a uniform nano-coating over the graphene/sulfur(G-S)surface and provide strong affinity to the cross-linked polyacrylamide(c-PAM)binder,thus tightly integrating sulfur with the binder network and greatly boosting the overall mechanical strength/conductivity of the electrode.Moreover,the PD coating and c-PAM binder rich in polar groups can form two effective blockades against the effusion of soluble polysulfides.As such,the 4.5 mg cm−2 sulfur-loaded G-S@PD-c-PAM cathode achieves a capacity of 480 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles at 1 C,while maintaining a capacity of 396 mAh g−1 after 50 cycles at 0.2 C when the sulfur loading rises to 9.1 mg cm−2.This work provides a system-wide concept for constructing high-loading sulfur cathodes through integrated structural design.

Best practices for making high integrity lightweight metal castings-molten metal composition and cleanliness control

To make high integrity lightweight metal castings,best practices are required in various stages of casting and heat treatment processes,including liquid metal composition and quality control,casting and gating/riser system design,and process optimization.This paper presents best practices for liquid metal processing and quality assurance of molten metal in both melting and mold filling.Best practices for other aspects of lightweight metal casting will be published separately.

Forming mechanism of integral serrated high fins by plowing-extruding based on variational feed

Plowing-extruding tool was designed and plowing-extruding process was investigated.Then,a manufacturing method of integral serrated high-finned tube,plowing-extruding based on variational feed was proposed,in which plowing-extruding tool moved forward at two different feeds,f1 and f2,in turn.In this method,overlaps that are usually avoided in practical application were utilized to manufacture high fins and average height of fins was up to 1.58 mm.The critical feed(fc) of overlaps forming and terms of high fins forming were analyzed.The main technical parameters that affect the fins height were discussed.The experimental results show that the fins height increases with extruding inclination angle and plowing-extruding depth,and the fins height increases with f1 increasing when f1 is smaller than fc,and decreases with f1 increasing if f1 is larger than fc.

Thermal Resistance Testing Technology Research of Integration High Power-LED

In this paper,high-power LED with many integrated chips is used as thermal resistance analysis research object, and we do thermal resistance testing technology research on it. We put forward the thermocouple point contact test method. According to the principle that LED forward voltage changes with temperature,LED heat sink to surface temperature distribution is studied directly in the test,and then we analyze the thermal resistance of high-power LED with many integrated chips when its secondary packaging is introduced. This method makes the measurement of thermal resistance of LED more rapid and convenient. It provides an effective assessment method for the analysis of high power LED device design and engineering application.

High order symplectic conservative perturbation method for time-varying Hamiltonian system

This paper presents a high order symplectic con- servative perturbation method for linear time-varying Hamil- tonian system. Firstly, the dynamic equation of Hamilto- nian system is gradually changed into a high order pertur- bation equation, which is solved approximately by resolv- ing the Hamiltonian coefficient matrix into a ＂major compo- nent＂ and a ＂high order small quantity＂ and using perturba- tion transformation technique, then the solution to the orig- inal equation of Hamiltonian system is determined through a series of inverse transform. Because the transfer matrix determined by the method in this paper is the product of a series of exponential matrixes, the transfer matrix is a sym- plectic matrix; furthermore, the exponential matrices can be calculated accurately by the precise time integration method, so the method presented in this paper has fine accuracy, ef- ficiency and stability. The examples show that the proposed method can also give good results even though a large time step is selected, and with the increase of the perturbation or- der, the perturbation solutions tend to exact solutions rapidly.

On the Differential Formulas for Singular Integrals of High Non-Integral Order

When kernel density is in the class of continuous function to possessing sufficient derivative of high order(and needn't in the class of corresponding Holder function),in this paper it is given the continuity and the differential formulas for singular integrals of high non--integral order. The above results themselves and in order to prove in future the formulas to changing order of integration for singular integrals of high non-integral order(another paper) will have important significance. The method to prove in this paper is more different from the method in the corresponding cass of singular integrals of high integral order.

Enhancement of electroluminescent properties of organic optoelectronic integrated device by doping phosphorescent dye

Organic optoelectronic integrated devices（OIDs） with ultraviolet（UV） photodetectivity and different color emitting were constructed by using a thermally activated delayed fluorescence（TADF） material 4, 5-bis（carbazol-9-yl）-1, 2-dicyanobenzene（2 CzPN） as host. The OIDs doping with typical red phosphorescent dye [tris（1-phenylisoquinoline）iridium（Ⅲ）, Ir（piq）3], orange phosphorescent dye {bis[2-（4-tertbutylphenyl）benzothiazolato-N,C-（2＇）]iridium（acetylacetonate）,（tbt）2 Ir（acac）}, and blue phosphorescent dye [bis（2, 4-di-fluorophenylpyridinato）-tetrakis（1-pyrazolyl）borate iridium（Ⅲ）, FIr6] were investigated and compared. The（tbt）2 Ir（acac）-doped orange device showed better performance than those of red and blue devices, which was ascribed to more effective energy transfer. Meanwhile, at a low dopant concentration of 3 wt.%, the（tbt）2 Ir（acac）-doped OIDs showed the maximum luminance, current efficiency, power efficiency of 70786 cd/m^2, 39.55 cd/A, and 23.92 lm/W, respectively, and a decent detectivity of 1.07 × 10^11 Jones at a bias of -2 V under the UV-350 nm illumination. This work may arouse widespread interest in constructing high efficiency and luminance OIDs based on doping phosphorescent dye.

Thermally Controllable Break Junctions with High Bandwidths and High Integrabilities

Break junctions are important in generating nanosensors and single molecular devices. The mechanically con- trollable break junction is the most widely used method for a break junction due to its simplicity and stability. However, the bandwidths of traditional devices are limited to about a few hertz. Moreover, when using traditional methods it is hard to allow independent control of more than one junction. Here we propose on-chip thermally controllable break junctions to overcome these challenges. This is verified by using finite element analysis. Adopting microelectromechanical systems produces features of high bandwidth and independent controllability to this new break junction system. The proposed method will have a wide range of applications on on-chip high speed independent controllable and highly integrated single molecule devices.

Train of Thought about Treatment of High Blood Pressure with Integrative Traditional and Western Medicine

Based on the differ—ent theories,TCM andWestern medicine(WM)have their owndifferent understandingsabout the pathogenesisand treatment of highblood pressure(HBP).In TCM the balancesbetween blood-qi,vis—cera—bowel, and yin—yang are all highly

High Optical Magnification Three-Dimensional Integral Imaging of Biological Micro-organism

A high optical magnification three-dimensional imaging system is proposed using an optic microscope whose ocular （eyepiece） is retained and the structure of the transmission mode is not destroyed. The elemental image array is captured through the micro lens array. Due to the front diffuse transmission element, each micro lens sees a slightly different spatial perspective of the scene, and a different independent image is formed in each micro lens channel. Each micro lens channel is imaged by a Fourier lens and captured by a CCD. The design translating the stage in x or y provides no parallax. Compared with the conventional integral imaging of micro-objects, the optical magnification of micro-objects in the proposed system can enhanced remarkably. The principle of the enhancement of the image depth is explained in detail and the experimental results are presented.

Recent advances in highly integrated energy conversion and storage system

The vigorous development in the field of energy conversion and storage devices directly contributes to the full utilization and convenient use of clean energy.However,some drawbacks of independent energy conversion and storage devices,including unstable,insufficient energy output and dependence on external power supply,are difficult to overcome by self-optimization,thus,hindering their further development and direct application.Coincidentally,the combination of above two devices can solve these problems,which conforms to their intrinsic needs for development.At the same time,the pursuit of portability and miniaturization also promotes the development of the power system toward a highly integrated direction.Therefore,we introduce several integration modes of energy conversion and storage systems,with emphasis on all-in-one power system,possessing the highest integration in this review.From the aspect of device configuration,working mechanisms and their performances,the all-inone power systems based on different energy sources(e.g.,mechanical,solar,thermal,and chemical energy)are discussed and analyzed.Finally,the design strategies are summarized and the potential development directions in the future are proposed.This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of highly integrated energy conversion and storage system,and seeks to point out the opportunities and orientations of future research in this field.

Bi-CMOS技术进展(下)

三、Bi-CMOS模拟/数字电路 随着电子系统复杂性的增加以及对可靠性要求的提高,过去那种将模拟电路和数字电路通过PC板互连起来的方法已经不适应。因此,实现A/D LSI已经成为人们追求的目标。这种芯片不仅在数字通讯、测量仪器、图像处理等方面有广泛用途,而且在民用领域,如照像机的自动曝光、录相机的自动聚焦、马达控制、声音的合成和识别等方面也有广阔的市场。

New matrix method for analyzing vibration and damping effect of sandwich circular cylindrical shell with viscoelastic core

Based on the linear theories of thin cylindrical shells and viscoelastic materials, a governing equation describing vibration of a sandwich circular cylindrical shell with a viscoelastic core under harmonic excitation is derived. The equation can be written as a matrix differential equation of the first order, and is obtained by considering the energy dissipation due to the shear deformation of the viscoelastic core layer and the interaction between all layers. A new matrix method for solving the governing equation is then presented With an extended homogeneous capacity precision integration approach. Having obtained these, vibration characteristics and damping effect of the sandwich cylindrical shell can be studied. The method differs from a recently published work as the state vector in the governing equation is composed of displacements and internal forces of the sandwich shell rather than displacements and their derivatives. So the present method can be applied to solve dynamic problems of the kind of sandwich shells with various boundary conditions and partially constrained layer damping. Numerical examples show that the proposed approach is effective and reliable compared with the existing methods.

Flexible substrates enabled highly integrated patterns with submicron precision toward intrinsically stretchable circuits

Fabricating high integration density,high resolution,and intrinsically stretchable patterns by patterned technologies remain challenging.Template printing enabled high-precision patterned fabrication at a facile operation.However,the pattern spacing constraint is the major limitation to high integration density.In this study,we develop an elastomer-assisted strategy to improve the template printing process,which involves patterning on the prestrain elastic substrate.This strategy overcomes the spacing limitation and enables the realization of a centimeter-scale pattern with submicron precision.Particularly,the integration density of fabricated intrinsically stretchable patterns can reach 1932 lines on a substrate of 0.5 cm2;the assembly lines with a feature size of 880 nm and an interval of 955 nm.Furthermore,we demonstrate a facile approach for constructing silver nanoparticle/liquid metal alloy composite conductive patterns.The as-prepared flexible electrodes can withstand up to 150%strain and a 2-mm bend radius.This method provides new insights into template printing technology.Additionally,it opens a route for the simultaneous construction of functional patterned arrays with large scale,high integration density,and intrinsic stretchability,which will be useful for the integrated fabrication of various flexible electronic devices.

Research of Tile Type Transceiver Module Integrating with Two-Dimensional Sum Difference Network

Transceiver module and two-dimensional sum difference network are important components of phased array antenna. In this paper, multilayer printed board is used to integrate millimeter wave multi-channel transceiver circuit and sum difference network. The interconnection between them is realized through RF coaxial vertical transition. At the same time, the heat dissipation design and inter channel shielding design of the module are carried out. The RF and low frequency required by the module are completed through the wiring between and within the dielectric plate layers. Finally, 128 arrays are fabricated and verified by multi-channel passive test. The results show that the type transceiver module integrating with two-dimensional sum difference network has good performance, and 128 channels have excellent amplitude and phase characteristics. The integration technology has the characteristics of lightweight, miniaturization, high integration and low manufacturing cost. It can be widely used in miniaturized phased array antennas.

SF^2HDL： A Computational Tool of State Transition Diagram Translation

The lack of standard to electronic circuits modeling made possible the development of many tools and modeling languages for electronic circuits. In this way, several tools to be used on different descriptions stage of the designs are necessary. This paper presents a tool called SF^2HDL （Stateflow to Hardware Description Language or State Transition Table） that translates a finite state machine on state transition diagram representation, described by Stateflow tool, into an input file standard for TABELA program or into a file behavioral VHDL （Very High Speed Integrated Circuits Hardware Description Language） directly. The TABELA program was used to optimization this finite state machine. After that, the TAB2VHDL program was used to generate the VHDL code on register transfer level, what permits comparisons with results obtained by synthesis. The finite state machine must be described by Mealy model and the user can describe the machine on high level abstraction using all Simulink supports. The tool was very efficient on computational cost and it made translation of several cases, for the two VHDL description models. Every state machine translated was simulated and implemented on device EP2C20F484C7 using Quartus II environment.

Ka-Band CTDRSS Terminal Technology for Meeting the Needs of Launch Vehicle TT&C

To meet the application requirements for a Ka-band space-based TT&C terminal for a launch vehicle,this paper proposes the implementation scheme of a space-based TT&C terminal,analyzes and solves the miniaturized design of equipment and the key technology for high-efficiency heat dissipation.The phased array antenna test shows that without external heat dissipation measures,the phased array antenna can work for a long time to meet the working requirements of launch vehicle,which has been verified in the LM-8 mission,and has wide engineering application prospects.

Determination of the chromosomal position effects for plug-and-play application in the Myxococcus xanthus chassis cells

The chromosomal position effect can significantly affect the transgene expression,which may provide an efficient strategy for the inauguration of alien genes in new hosts,but has been less explored rationally.The bacterium Myxococcus xanthus harbors a large circular high-GC genome,and the position effect in this chassis may result in a thousand-fold expression variation of alien natural products.In this study,we conducted transposon insertion at TA sites on the M.xanthus genome,and used enrichment and dilution indexes to respectively appraise high and low expression potentials of alien genes at insertion sites.The enrichment sites are characteristically distributed along the genome,and the dilution sites are overlapped well with the horizontal transfer genes.We experimentally demonstrated the enrichment sites as high expression integration sites(HEISs),and the dilution sites unsuitable for gene integration expression.This work highlights that HEISs are the plug-and-play sites for efficient expression of integrated genes.