Renewable portfolio targets have been established in many regions around the world. Regional targets such as 20% renewable energy by year 2020 are not uncommon. As the levels of wind power penetration increase, there ...Renewable portfolio targets have been established in many regions around the world. Regional targets such as 20% renewable energy by year 2020 are not uncommon. As the levels of wind power penetration increase, there are many power system impacts. This work investigated possible challenges and technical requirements for high penetration of wind power systems. The main issues to discuss covers reserve determination, wind power forecasting, unit commitment with appropriate generation portfolio, wind turbine and storage system technical development, demand response management, electricity market design, and frequency stability.展开更多
In the process of suction penetration of bucket foundations with inner compartments for offshore wind turbines,most researches focus on soil seepage failure and soil plugs,while the buckling of foundations is rarely i...In the process of suction penetration of bucket foundations with inner compartments for offshore wind turbines,most researches focus on soil seepage failure and soil plugs,while the buckling of foundations is rarely investigated.Therefore,theoretical calculation methods for critical buckling pressures of the skirt and bulkheads of the bucket foundation are first presented according to the stability theory of a cylindrical shell and the small deflection theory of a thin plate,respectively.Furthermore,two types of models with and without considering the skirt-soil interaction are developed for the calculation of critical buckling pressure of the bucket foundation.Taking a practical project as an example,theoretical and numerical methods are used to obtain the critical buckling pressures of a bucket foundation.In this work,the theoretical method and the finite element model considering the skirt-soil interaction for calculating the critical buckling pressure of bucket foundations are firstly proposed.The results can help to optimize the design process of offshore wind turbine foundations and improve the safety of offshore wind power systems.展开更多
The combination of wind and pumped storage is a useful method to compensate the fluctuation of wind power generation, which would exploit the abundant wind potential and increase wind power penetration. Taiwan Power C...The combination of wind and pumped storage is a useful method to compensate the fluctuation of wind power generation, which would exploit the abundant wind potential and increase wind power penetration. Taiwan Power Company (TPC) develops renewable energy actively in recent years. Moreover, TPC has started planning a high penetration wind power system and building offshore wind farms around the coast of Zhangbin, Yunlin and Penghu. The target of the offshore wind power installed capacity is up to 3 GW by 2025. However, the integration of the large scale of wind power would give huge challenges to the system operator because wind is randomly characterized. In this study, after high penetration wind power is integrated, the impacts of system frequency and the dispatch of conventional units will be discussed. Additionally, the hybrid system combing wind power with pumped-storage will be planning to reduce the effect of system frequency.展开更多
The current status of wind power and the energy infrastructure in Denmark is reviewed in this paper.The reasons for why Denmark is a world leader in wind power are outlined.The Danish government is aiming to achieve 1...The current status of wind power and the energy infrastructure in Denmark is reviewed in this paper.The reasons for why Denmark is a world leader in wind power are outlined.The Danish government is aiming to achieve 100%renewable energy generation by 2050.A major challenge is balancing load and generation.In addition,the current and future solutions of enhancing wind power penetration through optimal use of cross-energy sector flexibility,so-called indirect electric energy storage options,are investigated.A conclusion is drawn with a summary of experiences and lessons learned in Denmark related to wind power development.展开更多
大规模具有间歇性、波动性且难以预测的风电接入电网后会给电网的电压和频率稳定性带来一系列挑战,因此如何评估已有区域电网的最大风电极限渗透功率成为了一个重要问题。现有研究大多分析了不同风电渗透率对电网电压和频率稳定性的影响...大规模具有间歇性、波动性且难以预测的风电接入电网后会给电网的电压和频率稳定性带来一系列挑战,因此如何评估已有区域电网的最大风电极限渗透功率成为了一个重要问题。现有研究大多分析了不同风电渗透率对电网电压和频率稳定性的影响,而缺乏对海上风电渗透率极限的评估。为此,考虑风速波动性的影响,提出了一种针对已有区域电网的海上风电渗透率极限评估方法。首先,通过研究海上风电场静态模型分析海上风电场功率输出特性;然后,通过构建含海上风电场和同步发电机的电网等效模型分析不同风电渗透率下并网点(Point of Common Coupling, PCC)电压与频率特性;最后,针对风速波动引起的电网电压和频率波动,提出考虑风速波动性的海上风电渗透率极限评估方法,并通过算例验证所提方法的有效性。随着海上风电渗透率增加,PCC电压降低速度和幅度也增大,加剧了有功波动对PCC电压的不利影响。此外,高渗透率条件下,电力系统可能面临有功功率缺额问题,造成频率偏差加剧。电压闪变和电压偏差在高渗透率时也随之增加,导致电能质量下降,频率合格率降低。展开更多
This paper presents the power hardware in the loop(PHIL)validation of a feed forward DC voltage control scheme for the fault ride through(FRT)of voltage source converter(VSC)high voltage DC(HVDC)connected offshore win...This paper presents the power hardware in the loop(PHIL)validation of a feed forward DC voltage control scheme for the fault ride through(FRT)of voltage source converter(VSC)high voltage DC(HVDC)connected offshore wind power plants(WPPs).In the proposed FRT scheme,the WPP collector network AC voltage is actively controlled by considering both the DC voltage error and the AC current from the WPP AC collector system which ensures fast and robust FRT of the VSC HVDC connected offshore WPPs.The PHIL tests were carried out in order to verify the efficacy of the proposed feed forward DC voltage control scheme for enhancing the FRT capability of the VSC HVDC connected WPPs.The PHIL test results have demonstrated the proper control coordination between the offshore WPP and the WPP side VSC and the efficient FRT of the VSC HVDC connected WPPs.展开更多
文摘Renewable portfolio targets have been established in many regions around the world. Regional targets such as 20% renewable energy by year 2020 are not uncommon. As the levels of wind power penetration increase, there are many power system impacts. This work investigated possible challenges and technical requirements for high penetration of wind power systems. The main issues to discuss covers reserve determination, wind power forecasting, unit commitment with appropriate generation portfolio, wind turbine and storage system technical development, demand response management, electricity market design, and frequency stability.
基金The authors are grateful for the support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(No.51825904).
文摘In the process of suction penetration of bucket foundations with inner compartments for offshore wind turbines,most researches focus on soil seepage failure and soil plugs,while the buckling of foundations is rarely investigated.Therefore,theoretical calculation methods for critical buckling pressures of the skirt and bulkheads of the bucket foundation are first presented according to the stability theory of a cylindrical shell and the small deflection theory of a thin plate,respectively.Furthermore,two types of models with and without considering the skirt-soil interaction are developed for the calculation of critical buckling pressure of the bucket foundation.Taking a practical project as an example,theoretical and numerical methods are used to obtain the critical buckling pressures of a bucket foundation.In this work,the theoretical method and the finite element model considering the skirt-soil interaction for calculating the critical buckling pressure of bucket foundations are firstly proposed.The results can help to optimize the design process of offshore wind turbine foundations and improve the safety of offshore wind power systems.
文摘The combination of wind and pumped storage is a useful method to compensate the fluctuation of wind power generation, which would exploit the abundant wind potential and increase wind power penetration. Taiwan Power Company (TPC) develops renewable energy actively in recent years. Moreover, TPC has started planning a high penetration wind power system and building offshore wind farms around the coast of Zhangbin, Yunlin and Penghu. The target of the offshore wind power installed capacity is up to 3 GW by 2025. However, the integration of the large scale of wind power would give huge challenges to the system operator because wind is randomly characterized. In this study, after high penetration wind power is integrated, the impacts of system frequency and the dispatch of conventional units will be discussed. Additionally, the hybrid system combing wind power with pumped-storage will be planning to reduce the effect of system frequency.
文摘The current status of wind power and the energy infrastructure in Denmark is reviewed in this paper.The reasons for why Denmark is a world leader in wind power are outlined.The Danish government is aiming to achieve 100%renewable energy generation by 2050.A major challenge is balancing load and generation.In addition,the current and future solutions of enhancing wind power penetration through optimal use of cross-energy sector flexibility,so-called indirect electric energy storage options,are investigated.A conclusion is drawn with a summary of experiences and lessons learned in Denmark related to wind power development.
文摘大规模具有间歇性、波动性且难以预测的风电接入电网后会给电网的电压和频率稳定性带来一系列挑战,因此如何评估已有区域电网的最大风电极限渗透功率成为了一个重要问题。现有研究大多分析了不同风电渗透率对电网电压和频率稳定性的影响,而缺乏对海上风电渗透率极限的评估。为此,考虑风速波动性的影响,提出了一种针对已有区域电网的海上风电渗透率极限评估方法。首先,通过研究海上风电场静态模型分析海上风电场功率输出特性;然后,通过构建含海上风电场和同步发电机的电网等效模型分析不同风电渗透率下并网点(Point of Common Coupling, PCC)电压与频率特性;最后,针对风速波动引起的电网电压和频率波动,提出考虑风速波动性的海上风电渗透率极限评估方法,并通过算例验证所提方法的有效性。随着海上风电渗透率增加,PCC电压降低速度和幅度也增大,加剧了有功波动对PCC电压的不利影响。此外,高渗透率条件下,电力系统可能面临有功功率缺额问题,造成频率偏差加剧。电压闪变和电压偏差在高渗透率时也随之增加,导致电能质量下降,频率合格率降低。
文摘This paper presents the power hardware in the loop(PHIL)validation of a feed forward DC voltage control scheme for the fault ride through(FRT)of voltage source converter(VSC)high voltage DC(HVDC)connected offshore wind power plants(WPPs).In the proposed FRT scheme,the WPP collector network AC voltage is actively controlled by considering both the DC voltage error and the AC current from the WPP AC collector system which ensures fast and robust FRT of the VSC HVDC connected offshore WPPs.The PHIL tests were carried out in order to verify the efficacy of the proposed feed forward DC voltage control scheme for enhancing the FRT capability of the VSC HVDC connected WPPs.The PHIL test results have demonstrated the proper control coordination between the offshore WPP and the WPP side VSC and the efficient FRT of the VSC HVDC connected WPPs.