Analysis of F_1 Heterosis of Potassium Content on Self-bred High-potassium New Strains of Flue-cured Tobacco

F1 potassium heterosis of 8 flue-cured tobacco varieties and 6 self-bred high-potassium new strains were studied. The results showed that the F1 mean het- erosis of potassium content had differences between different parts of plants, showing B2F （8.45%）〉X2F （7.59%）〉C3F （5.64%）; the F1 over-parent heterosis of potassium content of various parts was not obvious, showing X2F （0.05%）〉C3F （-0.43%） 〉B2F （-0.48%）; the F, control heterosis of potassium content of different parts showed B2F （17.81%）〉X2F （4.06%）〉C3F （1.12%）. The variance of GCA of potassium content in various parts of the 6 self-bred high-potassium new strains was significant or extremely significant, and all leaves of GK2 had greater GCA effect on potassium content; C3F and X2F of GK7 had good GCA effect on potassium con- tent, but GCA effect was bad in B2F; GK9 preformed well in B2F but badly in C3F. The variance of SCA in all combinations was extremely significant, and the good combinations included Duoye 87xGK7 （17.19%） in B2F, Duoye 87xGK2 （25.63%）, ChangbohuangxGK5 （19.43%）, Yunyan 87xGK7 （22.78%）, and Yunyan 87xGK9 （24.38%） in C3F, Coker176xGK7 （19.87%）, 101xGK9 （15.89%）, Yunyan 85xGK9 （19.15%）, and Yunyan 87xGK9 （20.74%） in X2F.

Effects of Plant Growth Regulator on Absorption,Circulation and Contents of Potassium in Flue-cured Tobacco

[Objective] This study was to investigate the effects of plant growth regulator on accumulation and circulation of potassium in flue-cured tobacco.[Methods] Hydroponics experiment was adopted to study the effects of plant growth regulator（NAA,GA3,BR） on accumulation and circulation of potassium in flue-cured tobacco.[Results] The BR treatment increased the absorption of potassium,calcium and magnesium in flue-cured tobacco,reduced the potassium emission from the root,enhanced the accumulation and contents and promoted the circulation of potassium in the tobacco plants.There was no statistical difference between the NAA and GA3 treatment.And BR treatment was 0.52%,0.30%,0.28% higher than NAA treatment in enhancing potassium content in tobacco plants at 2,7,12 d after topping.In a word,the results showed that BR treatment was the most.[Conclusion] BR treatment could effectively enhance potassium content in tobacco plants after topping.

Characteristics of Potassium-Enriched, Flue-Cured Tobacco Genotype in Potassium Absorption, Accumulation, and In-Ward Potassium Currents of Root Cortex

This study was to investigate the main traits of potassium-enriched, flue-cured tobacco genotypes related to potassium absorption, accumulation, and in-ward potassium currents of the root cortex. Hydroponic methods, K^＋-depletion methods, and patch-clamp, whole-cell recordings were conducted to study the accumulation of dry matter and potassium in different organs, and to measure potassium absorption and dynamic and in-ward potassium currents in potassium-enriched, fluecured tobacco genotypes. The average dry weights of leaves and whole plant of potassium-enriched, flue-cured tobacco genotype ND202 were 10.20, and 14.85 g, respectively, higher than JYH （8.50 and 13.11 g, respectively） and NC2326 （8.39 and 12.72 g, respectively）, when potassium concentration in the solution ranged from 0.1 to 50 mmol L^-1. Potassium accumulation in the leaves of ND202 was 18.6% higher than JYH and 34% higher than NC2326 when potassium concentration in the solution was superior to 0.5 mmol L^-1. The Vmax （the maximum velocity） of ND202 was 118.11 lamol FW g^-1 h^-1, obviously higher than that of JYH （58.87 μmol FW g^-1 h^-1） and NC2326 （64.40 μmol FW g^-1 h^-1）. In the in-ward potassium currents, the absolute value of current density （pA/pF） of ND202 was 60, higher than that of JYH （50） and NC2326 （40）. Potassium concentration in leaves, Vmax, and in-ward potassium currents, could be used to screen potassium-enriched, flue-cured tobacco genotypes.

Effects of Boron Application on Growth and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco NC297 under Different Potassium Supply Levels

In order to provide reference for high quality tobacco producion,this experiment adopted a randomized block design in a field plot,and analyzed the effects of boron fertilizer on the growth,development on comprehensive quality of flue-cured tobacco by using mathematical statistics methods such as multiple comparison with NC297 as test material.The results showed that:spraying boron fertilizer on flue-cured tobacco leaves can promote the growth of flue-cured tobacco NC297 to a certain extent,effectively reduce the total particulate matter and tar content of tobacco,and play a positive role in regulating the total sugar,reducing sugar,nicotine and potassium content of flue-cured tobacco;the comprehensive quality of NC297 was the best when boron was applied at medium potassium level(K2B1).

Com parison of Amino Acids in Root Exudates of Flue-cured Tobacco Varieties with Different Resistances against Black Shank

In order to explore the differences of amino acids in root exudates and plant tissues, we selected four flue-cured tobacco varieties [ Yunyan 87 （ Ⅰ）, K326 （Ⅱ）, NC102（Ⅲ）, Hongda （Ⅳ）] as the test materials and studied the components and mass fractions of amino acids in rhizosphere soil, non rhizosphere soil, roots and leaves via high performance capillary zone electrophoresis. Ten amino acids were detected out from four varieties, including histidine, lysine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, valine, threonine, proline, serine, alanine and glycine. The mass fractions of amino acids in leaves and roots were higher than those in rhizosphere soil and non rhizosphere soil. In rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil, the mass fractions of lysine, phenylalanine, threonine, proline and glycine in susceptible varieties （ Ⅲ, Ⅳ） were higher than those in resistant varieties （ Ⅰ, Ⅱ）. In rhizosphere soil, the total amino acids successively were Ⅳ 〉 Ⅲ 〉 Ⅰ 〉 Ⅱ, and in non rhi- zosphere soil were Ⅲ 〉 Ⅳ 〉 Ⅰ 〉 Ⅱ. The total amino acids in roots of variety Ⅳ was the highest, up to 6 359. 195 μg/g. In leaves, the total amino acids in varieties I and If were higher than those in varieties IfI and IV. The results indicated that amino acids could secrete to rhizosphere via root secretion, and the compositions and mass fractions of amino acids varied with flue-cured tobacco varieties, thus the secretion amount of susceptible varieties was higher than that of resistant varieties.

Effects of Foliar Spraying of Magnesiumpotassium Sulfate Fertilizer on Absorption of Magnesium, Potassium and Calcium in Differentposition Tobacco Leaves

[Objective] ln the Mg-deficient （exchangeable Ca/Mg ratio ＆gt; 20） tobacco-growing areas in Qujing City of Yunnan Province, the ratio of Ca/Mg was adjusted by applying Mg fertilizer in soil and spraying Mg fertilizer on tobacco leaves. ln ad-dition, the effects of Mg fertilization on the absorption of K, Ca and Mg in flue-cured tobacco leaves were investigated, providing theoretical basis and production guidance for the balanced fertilization technology in the Mg-deficient flue-cured to-bacco-growing areas in Qujing City of Yunnan Province. [Method] The field plot test and randomized complete block design were adopted in this research. The group without Mg fertilization was treated as control. There were 3 treatment groups for foliar spraying of magnesium-potassium sulfate fertilizer and 2 treatment groups for soil application ＋ foliar spraying of magnesium-potassium sulfate fertilizer. The tobac-co roots, stems, lower leaves, middle leaves and upper leaves were dried and weighed. They were grinded for the determination of K, Ca and Mg content. The total K, Ca and Mg content in upper （B2F）, middle （C3F） and lower （X2F） flue-cured tobacco leaves in each plot was measured. [Result] The foliar spraying and soil application ＋ foliar spraying al increased the absorption of Mg and K in middle and lower tobacco leaves and the absorption of Ca in lower tobacco leaves, but de-creased the absorption of Mg, K and Ca in upper leaves and the absorption of Ca in middle leaves. Among the positions, the accumulated distribution of Mg, K and Ca ranked as middle leaves ＆gt; lower leaves ＆gt; upper leaves. With the application of Mg fertilizer, the Ca/Mg ratio and K/Mg ratio al decreased in middle and upper to-bacco leaves; while the Ca/Mg ratio increased in the lower tobacco leaves, and the K/Mg ratio showed no significant difference among treatment groups. [Conclusion] The foliar spraying and soil application ＋ foliar spraying of magnesium-potassium sulfate fertilizer affected the Ca/Mg ratio and K/Mg ratio in tobacco leaves mainly through affecting the absorption of Mg.

Effects of Straw Covering and Different Types of Potassium Fertilizer on Salinity Accumulation in Surface Layer of Tobacco-planted Paddy Soil

[Objective] This study aimed to investigation the effects of straw covering and different types of potassium fertilizer on salinity accumulation in surface layer of tobacco-planted paddy soil in southern China. [Method] Tobacco variety ‘Yunyan87’ was used as the experimental material to investigate the effects of salinity accumulation in surface layer of tobacco-planted paddy soil on the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco using different types of potassium fertilizer and mulching cultivation methods. [Result] The results showed that K＋ , Ca2＋ , SO42and NO3-were the major salt ions in topsoil at different growth stages of flue-cured tobacco, Na ＋ and Mg2＋ contents were also relatively high at vigorous growth stage, indicating that these salt ions were easily accumulated in surface layer of soil; to be specific, the absolute increase of salt ion concentration showed a decreasing order of K＋ SO42- NO3-Ca2＋ Mg2＋ Na＋ Cl-, while the relative increase of salt ion concentration showed a decreasing order of Ca2＋ K＋ Na＋ NO3-SO42-Mg2＋ Cl-. At 60 d posttransplanting, total salt content in topsoil reached the minimum of 359.1 mg/kg in Treatment 2, total salt content in topsoil reached the maximum of 536.1 mg/kg in Treatment 5 （CK）, which was significantly higher than that in other treatments. At 90 d post-transplanting, no significant difference was observed in total salt content among various treatments. At harvesting period, total salt content in topsoil reached the maximum of 3 278.4 mg/kg in Treatment 1, which was significantly higher than that in other treatments. Topsoil pH showed no significant differences among various treatments at three different periods, ranging from 5.39 to 5.59. Straw covering could effectively reduce salt content in topsoil, accelerate vigorous growth of tobacco, shorten vigorous growth period and increase plant height, leaf number and lead area; at vigorous growth stage, root vitality and root volume of tobacco were improved, but the yield and output value were relatively low. Major agronomic traits and yield of tobacco showed no significant difference among various treatments. Output value of tobacco reached the maximum of 24 196.8 yuan/hm2 in Treatment 3, which was significantly higher than that in other treatments. [Conclusion] Appropriate types and proportions of potassium fertilizer and straw covering can effectively reduce the total salt content in tobacco-planted paddy soil and increase the effective supply amount of K＋ , Ca2＋ , SO42-and NO3-, thereby promoting and improving the root vitality of tobacco, which is conducive to the growth and development of tobacco and will eventually enhance the yield, quality and economic benefits of flue-cured tobacco.

Analysis of F_1 Heterosis of Agronomic Traits and Chemical Components on Selfbred Highpotassium New Lines

F1 heterosis of agronomic characters and chemical components of 8 fluecured tobacco varieties and 6 self-bred high-potassium new lines was studied. The results showed that 4-5 weeks after transplanting was the main changing period of agronomic traits. Compared with the comparative heterosis, among the proportions of combinations showing positive comparative heterosis at the significant level, the heterosis proportions of plant height （97.92%）, internode length （100%） and stem girth （58.33%） were larger, these of total nitrogen （83.33%）, protein （79.17%）, nicotine （79.17%） and potassium （95.83%） in upper leaves were larger, these of total sugar （64.58%）, total nitrogen （68.75%）, protein （72.92%） and nicotine （64.58%） in middle leaves were larger, and in lower leaves, except that the proportion of chlorine was smaller （12.50%）, the proportions of other chemical components all exceeded 40%. Compared with average heterosis, among the proportions of combinations showing positive comparative heterosis at the significant level, the heterosis proportions of plant height （54.17%）, leaf width （43.75%）, stem girth （43.75%） and internode length （72.92%） were larger, these of total sugar （47.92%） and reducing sugar （54.17%） in upper leaves were larger, these of all the chemical components in middle leaves exceeded 30%, and these of all the chemical components in lower leaves were in the range of 27.08%-41.67%. Compared with heterobeltiosis, among the proportions of combinations showing positive comparative heterosis at the significant level, that of the internode length （60.42%） was larger, these of chemical components in upper leaves were in the range of 8.33%-29.17%, these of chemical components in middle leaves were in the range of 20.83%-39.58%, and these of chemical components in lower leaves were in the range of 16.67%-35.42%. It was indicated that rational effective control of water and fertilizer in this sensitive period could significantly enhance heterosis.

高硼植烟土壤对烤烟生长发育的影响及其钾肥调控措施

【目的】探讨高硼植烟土壤对烟株生长发育的影响及钾肥对烤烟高硼毒害的缓解效果,为开展高硼植烟土壤生产优质烟叶提供科学施肥依据。【方法】以烤烟品种K326为材料,通过大田试验,比较适宜硼植烟土壤(不施钾肥)及高硼植烟土壤不同施钾量(不施钾肥及分别施钾112.5、330.0和420.0 kg/ha)对烤烟生长发育、生理特性及经济效益的影响。【结果】在不施钾肥的情况下,与适宜硼植烟土壤相比,高硼植烟土壤抑制烤烟的生理代谢及生长发育,烟株主要农艺性状指标、净光合速率、SPAD值、过氧化物酶(POD)活性及干物质量均显著降低(P<0.05,下同),主要病害病情指数及烟株丙二醛(MDA)含量显著升高,经济效益显著下降,呈现明显的硼毒害现象。在高硼植烟土壤条件下,与不施钾肥处理相比,各施钾处理的大多数农艺性状指标、净光合速率、SPAD值、POD活性及干物质量显著增加,MDA含量显著降低,硼毒害作用逐渐减轻,经济效益逐渐提高。其中以施钾420.0 kg/ha的经济效益最高,较高硼不施钾处理产量增加20.61%,产值增加57.50%,中上等烟比例提高21.10%(绝对值),均价提高7.17元/kg。【结论】高硼植烟土壤会抑制烟株的生理代谢及生长发育,增施钾肥可缓解烤烟受到的硼毒害,进而提高经济效益。其中以增施420.0 kg/ha钾肥的效果较佳。

基于关联分析发掘烟草高钾优异等位变异

采用全基因组454个SSR位点对96份烤烟种质资源进行了群体分型,获得有效等位变异1038个。NJ聚类分析将供试材料分为3个类群,群体结构分析表明,当K=3时,ΔK值最大。同时对该供试材料在4个环境进行了烟叶钾含量测定,其频率符合正态分布。采用混合线性模型(MLM),进行了标记-性状关联分析,获得11个烟草钾含量的关联标记。通过不同基因型的钾含量对比,获得5个高钾优异等位变异。为验证这些优异等位变异,本研究又利用这5个关联标记扫描了其他130份烟草种质,获得了一致的结果。表明可以利用这5个高钾等位变异对烟草种质资源进行定性筛选,促进烟草高钾种质的利用和品种选育。

云烟高端品牌植烟区根际土壤高效解钾菌的筛选

从云南石林,建水采取烟草根部土样,按10-4、10-5梯度稀释并涂布平板,在28℃培养条件下,从硅酸盐固体培养基上初步筛选得到77株解钾菌株,具有透明圈的65株。采用液体培养法(火焰分光光度计法)测定其解钾能力作进一步复筛,获得34株具有较高解钾能力的菌株,其有效钾活性为0.4～10.6 mg/L,同时采用高温筛选出一株耐70℃高温,且具有较好解钾能力的菌株K77,经初步鉴定为侧孢芽孢杆菌(Bacillus Lateraporus),该菌解钾活性达到10.6 mg/L。

烤烟高钾新品系主要性状的优势分析及灰色关联分析

以烤烟高钾新品系GK5和中烟86为材料,研究分析其杂交优势,并运用灰色关联度分析方法对高钾品种中主要农艺性状和化学性状与钾含量之间的关系进行分析。结果表明,杂交一代株高和叶长的亲本平均优势分别为32.28%,5.97%,对照平均优势分别为36.42%,5.38%,钾含量的亲本平均优势为-0.34%,对照平均优势为5.37%。与钾含量关联度的田间表现性状顺序是叶宽>叶片数>大田生育期>茎围>叶长>节距>株高>发病率,与钾含量关联的化学性状顺序是钾氯比>总糖>还原糖>氯>总氮>糖碱比>氯碱比>烟碱。

Slag Characteristics of Biomass Pellet Fuels with Different Additives to Tobacco-Stalk for Tobacco Curing Heating

Since pure tobacco stalk(TS)biomass pellet fuels tend to slag,five anti-slagging agents were added to the crushed TS to obtain a pellet fuel that could be used in biomass burners to provide heat for tobacco curing.The obtained results revealed that the main component of TS pellet fuel was K_(2)Si_(2)O_(5).During fuel combustion process,additives generated higher melting point silicate compounds by Al–K,Ca–K,and Ca–K elemental structures to replace single K elemental structure of TS,enhancing the anti-slagging efficiency of the pellet fuel from 21.63%to 78.29%and promoting the precipitation of K,Mg,and Na elements in the slag block.By investigating the anti-slagging mechanism pathways of the additives in TS biomass pellet fuels,altering of the structure of silicate ion group pathway was found to improve anti-slagging effects that met the requirements of production formula.

钾积累高效烟草种质资源的鉴定

本项研究通过对国内外100份烟草种质资源烟叶含钾量的分析测定，鉴定出烟叶含钾量高于20．0mg／g干叶的钾积累高效烟草种质资源5份，对今后开发钾积累高效烟草新品种的选育、合理选配亲本具有重要的参考意义。

高钾用量和根区施肥可提升皖南不同质地土壤烟叶钾含量

钾是烟叶的品质元素之一,提升烟叶钾含量一直是我国烟草行业关注的重点之一。本文选取安徽烤烟主产区皖南宣城市砂土与黏土两类典型土壤,以云烟97为试验材料,研究田间条件下不同高钾用量水平与施肥方式对烟叶钾含量的影响。研究结果表明,在耕层土壤全层混施方式下,随着施钾量增加(0、300、600、900、1 200、1 800、2 400 mg/kg,以纯K计),两种质地土壤烟叶钾含量均显著上升,呈先快速增加而后缓慢增加的趋势。在钾肥用量低于1 200 mg/kg时,每增加钾肥用量100 mg/kg,砂土和黏土烟叶不同部位钾含量分别平均增加2.4 g/kg和1.0 g/kg。更高钾肥用量可使砂土烟叶钾平均含量提升到44.0 g/kg,黏土则只能提升到26.2 g/kgo两类土壤钾肥效果差异极大的原因与土壤固钾能力有关,土壤速效钾含量与烟叶钾含量呈线性相关,而黏土钾肥固定率平均为71%,远高于砂土的25%,这是两种质地土壤钾肥肥效差异的根本原因。在常规同等钾肥用量条件下(K2O 25 kg/667m^2),氮磷钾根区集中施用较常规条施显著促进了烟叶对钾的吸收,提升了烟叶钾含量,而且砂土的效果要好于黏土,其原因也与根区施肥可显著提升烟叶根区土壤速效钾含量有关。以上结果表明,选择固钾能力弱的土壤,提高钾肥用量并改进施肥方法可以有效提升皖南烟叶钾的含量。

低钾胁迫下高钾烤烟苗期根系差异表达蛋白分析

为了解高钾烤烟苗期根系在低钾胁迫下的差异表达蛋白及其作用机理,本研究分别提取低钾和正常钾营养液培育的高钾烤烟品系HKDN-5的苗期根系蛋白,酶解后采用液相色谱串联质谱和label-free蛋白定量技术对差异表达蛋白进行鉴定分析。结果表明,与正常钾相比,低钾组共发现681个差异表达蛋白,其中有359个发生下调表达,322个上调表达。差异表达蛋白主要参与脂质代谢、次生代谢、碳水化合物代谢和遗传信息加工等途径。其中,下调蛋白具有翻译后修饰、蛋白质转换、伴侣蛋白相关功能的数量最多,上调蛋白主要为一般功能相关蛋白。差异倍数较大的蛋白主要与代谢和应激反应过程相关。以上结果表明,低钾胁迫产生的差异蛋白主要参与物质代谢及应激反应等相关过程。

不同钾用量对烟草光合速率和烟株钾含量的影响

研究了不同高效钾用量下,烟草现蕾期光合速率的日变化、生长发育过程中各部位烟叶钾含量的变化,结果表明:对照和K2SO4处理都有"午睡"现象,与K2SO4相比,高效钾肥能更好地改善烤烟光合性能。移栽后60 d前,烟叶钾含量随钾肥施用量的增加而增加,此后,钾肥用量增至一定量后继续增施烟叶钾含量不增反而下降,这种现象先从K2SO4处理中出现,烟叶部位先从中、上部叶开始;烟株根、茎钾含量在移栽30 d时随施钾量的增加而增加,其他测定时期均为先增后降。在整个生育期中,除对照在第60 d、75 d时钾含量表现为根>茎,其他处理在所有测定时期中均表现为茎>根。

高碳基土壤修复一体肥对烤烟氮钾含量、生长发育及产质量的影响

为探明常规肥料和碳基有机无机复混肥不同配比对烤烟的影响,以秦烟96为试验材料,采用大田试验方法开展了烟草专用肥和高碳基土壤修复一体肥配比试验研究。结果表明,移栽后65d、80d和100d,随高碳基土壤修复一体肥比例的增加,烟田土壤容重和烟叶氮含量降低,钾含量提升,同时促进了烤烟的生长发育,农艺和经济性状得到了改善,质量得到提高,且效果因高碳基土壤修复一体肥用量而异。综合分析,依据洛南县气候条件特点,烟草专用肥600kg/hm^2配施高碳基土壤修复一体肥600kg/hm^2效果最好。

基于Label-free技术的不同钾浓度下烟草苗期叶片差异蛋白质组学研究

为了解烟草在不同钾浓度下苗期叶片差异蛋白质的表达情况,分别在高钾和正常钾营养液中培育烤烟品系,应用Label-free蛋白质定量技术分析高钾与正常钾处理苗期叶片的差异蛋白质,对分离鉴定的差异蛋白质进行系统的生物信息学分析,探讨不同钾浓度下差异蛋白质的分布、功能及其作用机制。结果表明,与正常钾处理相比,高钾处理烟草苗期叶片中共有41个差异蛋白质,20个发生下调表达,21个发生上调表达;高钾处理中烤烟苗期叶片差异蛋白质主要定位在细胞组分和有膜细胞器中,大部分差异蛋白质为碳水化合物代谢相关功能蛋白质,且主要参与物质代谢相关途径。

钾对高硼土壤烤烟生长及离子吸收的影响

为探讨钾肥对高硼毒害的缓解效应,以烤烟品种K326为材料,通过大田试验研究了不同施钾量对高硼植烟土壤烤烟干物质量、经济效益及烟株内硼、氮、磷和钾含量的影响。结果表明:高硼土壤会显著增加烟株各部位硼含量,显著降低烟株内氮、磷、钾含量,干物质量以及经济效益;在高硼土壤下,施钾肥能够显著提高烟株干物质量和经济效益,抑制烟株对硼的吸收,促进氮、磷和钾的吸收。烟株内硼、氮、磷、钾之间存在显著的相互关系,其中钾与硼呈显著负相关,与氮、磷呈显著正相关。本试验条件下,高硼植烟土壤最佳施钾量为420 kg/hm^2。