Optimal Reactive Power Compensation of Distribution Network to Prevent Reactive Power Reverse

The capacitive reactive power reversal in the urban distribution grid is increasingly prominent at the period of light load in the last years.In severe cases,it will endanger the security and stability of power grid.This paper presents an optimal reactive power compensation method of distribution network to prevent reactive power reverse.Firstly,an integrated reactive power planning(RPP)model with power factor constraints is established.Capacitors and reactors are considered to be installed in the distribution system at the same time.The objective function is the cost minimization of compensation and real power loss with transformers and lines during the planning period.Nodal power factor limits and reactor capacity constraints are new constraints.Then,power factor sensitivity with respect to reactive power is derived.An improved genetic algorithm by power factor sensitivity is used to solve the model.The optimal locations and sizes of reactors and capacitors can avoid reactive power reversal and power factor exceeding the limit.Finally,the effectiveness of the model and algorithm is proven by a typical high-voltage distribution network.

Development of Surface Grating Distributed Feedback Quantum Cascade Laser for High Output Power and Low Threshold Current Density

We report on the room-temperature cascade laser （QCL） at λ -4.7μm. cw operation of a surface grating Both grating design and material distributed feedback （DFB） quantum optimization are used to decrease the threshold current density and to increase the output power. For a high-reflectivity-coated 13-μm-wide and 4- mm-long laser, high wall-plug efficiency of 6% is obtained at 20℃ from a single facet producing over I W of ew output power. The threshold current density of DFB QCL is as low as 1.13kA/cm^2 at 10℃ and 1.34kA/cm2 at 30℃ in cw mode. Stable single-mode emission with a side-mode suppression ratio of about 30 dB is observed in tile working temperature range of 20-50℃.

Computer Modeling and Simulation Evaluation of High Power LED Sources for Secondary Optical Design

Proposed and demonstrated is a novel computer modeling method for high power light emitting diodes(LEDs). It contains geometrical structure and optical property of high power LED as well as LED dies definition with its spatial and angular distribution. Merits and non-merits of traditional modeling methods when applied to high power LEDs based on secondary optical design are discussed. Two commercial high power LEDs are simulated using the proposed computer modeling method. Correlation coefficient is proposed to compare and analyze the simulation results and manufacturing specifications. The source model is precisely demonstrated by obtaining above 99% in correlation coefficient with different surface incident angle intervals.

975 nm multimode semiconductor lasers with high-order Bragg diffraction gratings

The 975 nm multimode diode lasers with high-order surface Bragg diffraction gratings have been simulated and calcu-lated using the 2D finite difference time domain(FDTD)algorithm and the scattering matrix method(SMM).The periods and etch depth of the grating parameters have been optimized.A board area laser diode(BA-LD)with high-order diffraction grat-ings has been designed and fabricated.At output powers up to 10.5 W,the measured spectral width of full width at half maxi-mum(FWHM)is less than 0.5 nm.The results demonstrate that the designed high-order surface gratings can effectively nar-row the spectral width of multimode semiconductor lasers at high output power.

Balmer H_α,H_β and H_γ Spectral Lines Intensities in High-Power RF Hydrogen Plasmas

Hα（Balmer-alpha）, Hβ （Balmer-beta） and Hγ （Balmer-gamma） spectral line inten- sities in atomic hydrogen plasma are investigated by using a high-power RF source. The intensities of the Hα, Hβ and Hγ spectral lines are detected by increasing the input power （0-6 kW） of ICPs （inductively coupled plasmas）. With the increase of net input power, the intensity of Hα im- proves rapidly （0-2 kW）, and then reaches its dynamic equilibrium; the intensities of Hβ can be divided into three processes： obvious increase （0-2 kW）, rapid increase （2-4 kW）, almost constant （4-6 kW）; while the intensities of Hγ increase very slowly. The energy levels of the excited hydro- gen atoms and the splitting energy levels produced by an obvious Stark effect play an important role in the results.

Short-pulse high-power microwave breakdown at high pressures

The fluid model is proposed to investigate the gas breakdown driven by a short-pulse（such as a Gaussian pulse） highpower microwave at high pressures.However,the fluid model requires specification of the electron energy distribution function（EEDF）;the common assumption of a Maxwellian EEDF can result in the inaccurate breakdown prediction when the electrons are not in equilibrium.We confirm that the influence of the incident pulse shape on the EEDF is tiny at high pressures by using the particle-in-cell Monte Carlo collision（PIC-MCC） model.As a result,the EEDF for a rectangular microwave pulse directly derived from the Boltzmann equation solver Bolsig＋ is introduced into the fluid model for predicting the breakdown threshold of the non-rectangular pulse over a wide range of pressures,and the obtained results are very well matched with those of the PIC-MCC simulations.The time evolution of a non-rectangular pulse breakdown in gas,obtained by the fluid model with the EEDF from Bolsig＋,is presented and analyzed at different pressures.In addition,the effect of the incident pulse shape on the gas breakdown is discussed.

Communication Resources Allocation for Time Delay Reduction of Frequency Regulation Service in High Renewable Penetrated Power System

The high renewable penetrated power system has severe frequency regulation problems.Distributed resources can provide frequency regulation services but are limited by com-munication time delay.This paper proposes a communication resources allocation model to reduce communication time delay in frequency regulation service.Communication device resources and wireless spectrum resources are allocated to distributed resources when they participate in frequency regulation.We reveal impact of communication resources allocation on time delay reduction and frequency regulation performance.Besides,we study communication resources allocation solution in high renewable energy penetrated power systems.We provide a case study based on the HRP-38 system.Results show communication time delay decreases distributed resources'ability to provide frequency regulation service.On the other hand,allocating more communication resources to distributed resources'communica-tion services improves their frequency regulation performance.For power systems with renewable energy penetration above 70%,required communications resources are about five times as many as 30%renewable energy penetrated power systems to keep frequency performance the same.Index Terms-Communication resources allocation,commun-ication time delay,distributed resource,frequency regulation,high renewable energy penetrated power system.

Control and Stability of Large-scale Power System with Highly Distributed Renewable Energy Generation:Viewpoints from Six Aspects

Power systems are moving toward a low-carbon or carbon-neutral future where high penetration of renewables is expected.With conventional fossil-fueled synchronous generators in the transmission network being replaced by renewable energy generation which is highly distributed across the entire grid,new challenges are emerging to the control and stability of large-scale power systems.New analysis and control methods are needed for power systems to cope with the ongoing transformation.In the CSEE JPES forum,six leading experts were invited to deliver keynote speeches,and the participating researchers and professionals had extensive exchanges and discussions on the control and stability of power systems.Specifically,potential changes and challenges of power systems with high penetration of renewable energy generation were introduced and explained,and advanced control methods were proposed and analyzed for the transient stability enhancement of power grids.

A Study on the Conducted Interference of Capacitor Charging Power Supply

In this paper, a mathematical analysis of the EMI (Electromagnetic Interference) for a 20 kHz/10 kV capacitor charging power supply in frequency-domain is presented, and a related circuit model considering the transient switching interference is proposed. Due to the high working frequency and the device-switching transitions, the conducted EMI caused by the charging circuit which includes the harmonics of grid frequency, working frequency and device-switching transition frequencies. Thus under certain working situations or loads parallel power supply, the interference may cause charging failure. To solve this problem, a high frequency transformer modeled with stray capacitances and an approximation of the device-switching transition is applied in the Spice-based simulation model, and a mathematical analysis in frequency-domain is presented.

The Comparative Study of the Temperature Distribution of Fiber Laser with Different Pump Schemes

Based on the structure of the long fiber laser (YDCFLs) with different pump schemes using high pump power, the nonlinear coupled and heat dissipation equations are solved numerically. Using the finite-difference method, we have determined the temperature distribution along the radial and axial directions of the fiber laser (YDCFLs) for the forward pump schemes of 200 W with reflection Rp2, backward pump schemes of 200 W with reflection Rp1 and for bidirectional pump scheme of 100 W each side. The results are: the temperature distribution for bidirectional pump mode is more even than that for forward pump with reflection Rp2 and than that for backward pump with reflection Rp1. The results show that the maximum temperature difference between different schemes is 57.51°C, and when the air-clad width decreases, the temperature in the core regions also decreases and does not affect to the cladding radius regions. We summarize that the temperature in the core and in cladding radius regions decreases when the outer radius cladding increases.

一种高效星载功率调节与配电单元设计与实现

文章结合深空探测供配电分系统任务特点,提出功率调节、配电、火工控制等多功能模块轻小型一体化设计的必要性。介绍了国外功率调节与配电单元的研究现状、国产功率调节与配电单元研制的意义,功率调节与配电单元组成及功能设计,并通过多母线融合设计、多路放电均流设计、单元集成化设计等关键技术,解决了深空探测器高可靠轻小型化功率调节与配电单元设计难题。在轨飞行结果表明:功率调节与配电单元功能正常,工作可靠,性能优良。功率调节与配电单元的国产化设计实现,可为其它航天器的设计提供参考和借鉴。

高压管汇材料疲劳性能测试及P-S-N模型曲线的拟合

高压管汇作为压裂设备中的主要易损件之一,其失效危害较大。它的失效原因主要是疲劳、冲蚀、腐蚀或者材料缺陷引起的刺漏和爆裂,其中尤以疲劳失效最不可预估。目前,对于高压管汇材料的疲劳性能研究不够深入,为解决高压管汇材料疲劳寿命的准确描述问题,以某国产高压管汇材料为例,进行了一系列疲劳试验,并基于试验数据,采用多种分布模型和不同S-N模型进行拟合分析,得出综合评价拟合能力最强的P-S-N模型。结果表明,该材料在中长疲劳寿命区,Weibull三参数模型在7级应力水平下综合评价能力最好;在存活率分别为50%、90%、99%、99.9%时,指数S-N模型的拟合系数均大于0.98,拟合能力最好。得出的P-S-N模型曲线可以为高压管汇的疲劳寿命以及安全设计提供依据。

高比例分布式可再生能源交直流混合配电网运行调控:科学问题与技术框架

随着分布式可再生能源发电与中低压直流组网技术的快速发展,未来配电网必然向复杂的交直流混合形态演进,其运行调控技术面临许多新的挑战。在高比例分布式可再生能源交直流混合配电网(HR-HDN)运行调控技术发展需求分析的基础上,提炼出HR-HDN运行调控技术的3个科学问题,并以多类型可控设备协同、源-网-荷-储高度互动化和市场化需求为研究主线,从稳定控制、故障主动防御与恢复、电力市场机制辅助调控以及“平台+数据”数字化集成调控4个方面,提出了HR-HDN的运行调控技术框架。最后,对HR-HDN运行调控关键技术的未来发展进行了展望。

基于模型预测控制的高频隔离型混合配电变压器

配电台区新型源/荷占比逐年提升,使得高/低电压、谐波放大、三相不平衡等配电终端电能质量问题凸显。提出一种基于模型预测控制的高频隔离型混合配电变压器,具备电能质量综合治理、交/直流混合配电等功能,可以满足配电终端用户高品质供用电以及新型源/荷友好接入需求。介绍了高频隔离型混合配电变压器的拓扑结构并推导了数学模型。结合拓扑结构特点,设计了连续控制集模型预测控制(CCS-MPC)策略和延时模型预测控制策略,CCS-MPC通过计算最优化占空比,实现前端变换器输出具有固定的开关频率和开关序列,减小寻优计算量。利用MATLAB/Simulink仿真软件搭建了一套10 kV/0.4 kV电压等级的高频隔离型混合配电变压器系统,验证了所提拓扑结构电能质量综合治理能力的有效性。

直线轨道涡流制动对高速列车制动动力学特性的影响

列车制动性能直接影响车辆运行安全性和平稳性、稳定性,本文研究了加装直线轨道涡流制动系统对不同动力分配方式的高速列车制动动力学特性的影响规律.首先建立了6M2T和4M4T两种编组方式的列车动力学仿真模型,并与线路实验数据进行对比,验证了模型的有效性.基于该模型,研究了不同时速下的列车在不同动力分配形式下的动力学特性.针对惰行工况、电空制动工况与加装直线轨道涡流制动系统的联合制动工况,分别研究了第1、5、8节车厢的Sperling指标、脱轨系数、轮重减载率、轮轨作用力的变化规律,研究结果表明,动力分配方式、制动特性对车辆动力学性能有显著影响,涉及的关键动力学性能指标均满足安全限值标准,研究结果将为高速列车加装直线轨道涡流制动系统提供理论参考.

航天器大功率固态配电关键技术研究

大功率固态配电需要解决在开关过程中电压变化率和电流变化率较高的问题,抑制在短路保护过程中功率管漏极和源极存在的振荡和高电压应力。采用“慢开通,慢关断”的控制方式,降低了开通和关断过程中的电压和电流变化率。通过降低关断过程中电流变化率和增大振荡回路阻尼的方法,抑制了短路保护关断过程中功率管漏源电压应力和振荡。在此基础上,研制了160 V/200 A固态配电样机,实验验证表明所采用的方法是有效的。该方法提高了大功率负载的配电可靠性,可为大功率固态配电在航天领域的应用提供参考。

高功率微波信号对PIN限幅器温度分布的影响特性

针对高功率微波波形参数对限幅器温度分布特性的影响,基于双级PIN限幅器的场路协同仿真模型对微波脉冲幅值、频率对温度分布的影响展开了仿真研究。结果表明:微波脉冲幅值、频率的提升会使双级PIN限幅器中PIN二极管的高温区域分布向P区拓展、高温区域分布范围扩大;相对而言,微波脉冲幅值对温度分布的影响更为显著,频率对温度分布的影响相对较小。

基于ANSYS的风冷半导体激光模块的热模拟分析

风冷散热是大功率激光广泛应用的一个至关重要的技术问题。随着激光手持焊、激光清洗等应用范围越来越广,激光风冷散热也变得更加困难起来。在文章中,将热管安装在冷却热沉板上,并在散热片上重新安装热管,以便利用热管的传热原理。利用风冷散热器模拟热负载,并使用ANSYS有限元分析软件进行仿真模拟,以研究热沉板中嵌入热管后激光模块器件的温度场分布情况。经过频率红移法的实验验证可发现,这种方法在风冷散热系统中能够获得良好的散热效果。通过模拟发现,热管与高功率半导体激光器风冷技术相结合可以克服水冷技术在复杂环境中的局限性,为高功率半导体激光器的散热问题带来新的解决方案。

基于图滤波器和SVDD算法的分布式光伏集群发电异常检测研究

由于电网企业不断加快数字化转型,利用北斗定位技术将自动获取区域内光伏计量装置经纬度这一关键技术参数。文章充分利用分布式光伏集群内光伏发电装机位置空间相关性,提出一种在弱监督下基于图滤波与支持向量数据描述(support vector data description,SVDD)的分布式光伏集群发电异常检测方法。首先建立分布式光伏集群发电图数据结构模型,通过加权邻接矩阵描述分布式光伏发电点空间耦合性,其次构造图高通滤波器将时域参数转化为频域参数,然后通过SVDD算法优化图滤波结果,进一步挖掘图高通滤波器阈值与输出功率数据之间的关系。结果表明,采用图滤波器和SVDD算法模型方法在分布式光伏发电异常检测精度上有显著提高。

新型单心式独立型移相变压器及其调节特性研究

为提升高比例新能源配电网的潮流控制能力和精度,提出了一种新型单心式独立型移相变压器(SCIPST),对调压绕组匝数配置进行了优化,通过独立控制2个调压绕组,SCIPST能够独立调节线路电压的相位和幅值。与传统移相变压器相比,增加了独立调节线路电压幅值的功能和可调移相角的数量,提高了调节精度。通过独立调节线路电压相位和幅值,能够在一定范围内实现独立调节线路有功、无功。介绍了SCIPST的拓扑结构,详细分析了工作原理并给出了控制策略。建立了SCIPST的仿真模型,对SCIPST调节电网潮流和电压的稳态和暂态性能进行仿真验证。研制出小容量SCIPST实验模型,搭建了潮流调节特性测试平台,开展了调节潮流模拟实验。仿真和实验结果证明了所提出的SCIPST的可行性和有效性。