Determination of interfacial heat transfer coefficient and its application in high pressure die casting process

In this paper,the research progress of the interfacial heat transfer in high pressure die casting(HPDC)is reviewed.Results including determination of the interfacial heat transfer coefficient(IHTC),influence of casting thickness,process parameters and casting alloys on the IHTC are summarized and discussed.A thermal boundary condition model was developed based on the two correlations:(a)IHTC and casting solid fraction and(b)IHTC peak value and initial die surface temperature.The boundary model was then applied during the determination of the temperature field in HPDC and excellent agreement was found.

Study on interfacial heat transfer coefficient at metal/die interface during high pressure die casting process of AZ91D alloy

The high pressure die casting (HPDC) process is one of the fastest growing and most efficient methods for the production of complex shape castings of magnesium and aluminum alloys in today's manufacturing industry. In this study, a high pressure die casting experiment using AZ91D magnesium alloy was conducted, and the temperature profiles inside the die were measured. By using a computer program based on solving the inverse heat problem, the metal/die interfacial heat transfer coefficient (IHTC) was calculated and studied. The results show that the IHTC between the metal and die increases right after the liquid metal is brought into the cavity by the plunger, and decreases as the solidification process of the liquid metal proceeds until the liquid metal is completely solidified, when the IHTC tends to be stable. The interfacial heat transfer coefficient shows different characteristics under different casting wall thicknesses and varies with the change of solidification behavior.

Heat Transfer between Casting and Die during High Pressure Die Casting Process of AM50 Alloy-Modeling and Experimental Results

A method based on die casting experiments and mathematic modeling is presented for the determination of the heat flow density （HFD） and interfacial heat transfer coefficient （IHTC） during the high pressure die casting （HPDC） process.Experiments were carried out using step shape casting and a commercial magnesium alloy,AM50.Temperature profiles were measured and recorded using thermocouples embedded inside the die. Based on these temperature readings,the HFD and IHTC were successfully determined and the calculation results show that the HFD and IHTC at the metal-die interface increases sharply right after the fast phase injection process until approaching their maximum values,after which their values decrease to a much lower level until the dies are opened.Different patterns of heat transfer behavior were found between the die and the casting at different thicknesses.The thinner the casting was,the more quickly the HFD and IHTC reached their steady states.Also,the values for both the HFD and IHTC values were different between die and casting at different thicknesses.

Determination of Interfacial Heat Transfer Behavior at the Metal/Shot Sleeve of High Pressure Die Casting Process of AZ91D Alloy

The interfacial heat transfer behavior at the metalJshot sleeve interface in the high pressure die casting （HPDC） process of AZ91D alloy is carefully investigated. Based on the temperature measurements along the shot sleeve, inverse method has been developed to determine the interfacial heat transfer coefficient in the shot sleeve. Under static condition, Interracial heat transfer coefficient （IHTC） peak values are 11.9, 7,3, 8.33kWm-2K-1 at pouring zone （S2）, middle zone （S5）, and end zone （510）, respectively. During the casting process, the IHTC curve displays a second peak of 6.1 kWm-2 K-1 at middle zone during the casting process at a slow speed of 0.3 ms 1 Subsequently, when the high speed started, the IHTC curve reached a second peal〈 of 12.9 kW m-2K-1 at end zone. Furthermore, under different slow casting speeds, both the calculated initial temperature （TIDs） and the maximum temperature （Tsimax） of shot sleeve surface first decrease from 0.1 ms-1 to 0.3 ms-1, but increase again from 0.3 ms-1 to 0.6 ms-1. This result agrees with the experimental results obtained in a series of ＂plate-shape＂ casting experiments under different slow speeds, which reveals that the amount of ESCs decreases to the minimum values at 0.3 m s-1 and increase again with the increasing casting slow speed.

Understanding of the influence of process parameters on the heat transfer behavior at the metal/die interface in high pressure die casting process

The current paper focuses on the influence of the process parameters on the peak values of the inter-facial heat transfer coefficient (IHTC) at metal/die interface during high pressure die casting (HPDC) process. A "step shape" casting and AM50 alloy were used during the experiment. The IHTC was de-termined by solving the inverse thermal problem based on the measured temperature inside the die. Results show that the initial die surface temperature (IDST, TDI) has a dominant influence while the casting pressure and fast shot velocity have a secondary influence on the IHTC peak values. By curve fitting, it was found that the IHTC peak value (hmax) changes as a function of the IDST in a manner of hmax =eαTγDI. Such relationship between the IHTC peak value and the IDST can also be found when the casting alloy is ADC12, indicating that this phenomenon is a common characteristic in the HPDC process.

铝合金压铸过程铸件/铸型界面换热行为的研究 Ⅰ．实验研究和界面换热系数求解

采用"阶梯"铸件,设计了压铸过程模具温度测量的实验方案并进行了压铸实验.以实验中测得的铸型内部不同位置的温度为基础,采用热传导反算法求解了压铸过程中铸件/铸型界面热流以及换热系数;分析了铸件的厚度对于界面热流以及换热系数的影响,结果表明:压铸过程铸件/铸型界面热流或是换热系数随着压射过程的进行迅速升高直至最大值,然后随着凝固过程的进行而减小;同时,铸件的不同厚度部位与铸型之间的界面热流和换热系数的变化规律也不同,随着铸件厚度的增大,铸件铸型之间的界面热流和换热系数峰值均减小,但是界面热流和换热系数较大值保持的时间则逐渐增大.

铝合金ADC12Z高压铸造过程中铸件与铸型间界面热交换系数的研究

通过采集高压铸造过程中铸型内部温度的变化曲线,采用热传导反算法,求解了以铝合金ADCl2Z为铸件材料的铸件(?)铸型界面换热系数,分析了该界面换热系数随铸件厚度的变化规律.计算及分析结果表明:在压铸过程中,铸件－铸型界面换热系数迅速升至最大值,随后下降,凝固结束后趋于稳定．涛件厚度增大不仅提高了换热系数,而且对换热系数的变化趋势也有很大影响.同时,不同厚度的铸件,其固相率和冷却速率的变化规律也有较大区别,

铝合金压铸过程铸件/铸型界面换热行为的研究 Ⅱ．工艺参数对界面换热的影响

基于本文第1部分的数学模型,求解了各种工艺参数下铸件/铸型间的界面热流和换热系数,重点研究不同工艺参数对于界面热流和换热系数的影响.在现有的"阶梯"块铸件的条件下,计算结果表明:压铸过程各种工艺参数对于铸件/铸型界面热流和换热系数有着不同的影响规律.铸型初始模腔表面温度对于界面热流的峰值有着很大的影响,随着铸型初始模腔表面温度的上升,热流峰值不断下降.对于较厚的"阶梯"面,铸型初始模腔表面温度对于界面换热系数的影响较大,随着该温度的上升,界面换热系数的峰值不断下降;对于较薄的"阶梯"面,各种工艺参数对于界面换热系数的影响不大.

金属型铸造界面换热系数峰值预测模型的建立和验证

在改进Hamasaiid模型的基础上提出了新的金属型铸造界面换热系数峰值hmax预测模型,该模型引入表面张力参数,定量研究其对界面换热的影响。采用A356铝合金金属型重力铸造实验对模型进行验证。结果表明:反求计算的hmax约为5944 W/(m2·K),采用Hamasaiid模型计算的hmax约为7987 W/(m2·K),误差约为34%;新模型未考虑表面张力时计算的hmax约为6228 W/(m2·K),误差约为5%,考虑表面张力时计算的hmax约为5992W/(m2·K),误差约为1%。新模型计算精度有较大提升,计算结果与反求结果具有很好的一致性,表面张力对计算精度有一定影响。

压铸过程铸件-铸型界面换热行为的研究进展

综述了铸造过程中铸件/铸型界面换热行为的研究,重点对压铸过程进行阐述。介绍作者在压铸过程界面换热行为研究方面的工作进展。研究表明,压铸过程铸件-铸型界面换热系数是一个随着铸件厚度、工艺参数以及合金等因素变化的量,同时,换热系数与铸件凝固速率之间存在线形关系h=ηv+ω。其中,η、ω为与铸型初始温度、铸件厚度以及铸件、铸型热物性参数相关的参数。

压铸压室内部界面传热反算模型的建立和应用

基于热传导反算法,建立了液态金属与压室之间传热的二维反算数学模型,设计了压室内部测温模块并进行了针对Al-9%Si-3%Cu合金的静态无压射和常规压铸实验.基于实验中测得的压室内部不同位置的温度,求解得到了液态金属在压室中的温度场及其不同位置的界面换热系数,为预测压室预结晶提供可靠依据.结果表明,静态无压射条件与常规压铸条件下液态金属与压室界面换热情况差异很大,同时压室中间界面换热系数均随液态金属流动方向依次降低,压室壁温度也存在两端高中间低的分布.在常规压铸条件下,由于冲头运动的影响,压室末端换热系数存在双峰现象.

铝合金砂型低压铸造界面传热系数的测定

以典型板形试样的砂型低压铸造为基础,采用热传导反算法对ZL114A铝合金/树脂砂的界面传热系数进行了反求,并对界面传热系数随温度的变化关系进行了分析。结果表明,界面传热系数在液相线温度以上时基本保持恒定,约为335W獉m^(-2)獉K^(-1);当温度下降到530～573℃之间时,界面传热系数迅速下降;当温度下降到530℃之后,界面传热系数缓慢下降,最后逐渐稳定在60W獉m^(-2)獉K^(-1)左右。通过对反求得到的界面传热系数进行非线性拟合,得出了该工艺条件下界面传热系数随界面温度变化的经验公式。最后将反求得到的界面传热系数应用到ProCAST软件中对铸件的温度场进行仿真计算,计算结果表明,模拟温度与实测温度具有较好的一致性,最大温度偏差约为12℃。