NUMERICAL STUDY ON FLOW DISTRIBUTION IN PLATE-FIN HEAT EXCHANGERS

Objective To investigate the flow distribution in plate fin heat exchangers and optimize the design of header configuration for plate fin heat exchangers. Methods A mathematical model of header was proposed. The effects of the header configuration on the flow distribution in plate fin heat exchangers were investigated by CFD. The second header configuration with a two stage distributing structure was brought forward to improve the performance of flow distribution. Results It is found that the flow maldistribution is very serious in the direction of header length for the conventional header used in industry. The numerical predictions indicate that the improved header configurations can effectively improve the performance of flow distribution in plate fin heat exchangers. Conclusion The numerical simulation confirms that CFD should be a suitable tool for predicting the flow distribution. The method has a wide variety of applications in the design of plate fin heat exchangers.

Experimental Analysis of Performance of Heat Exchanger with Plate Fins and Parallel Flow of Working Fluids

Heat exchangers are devices in which heat is transferred from one fluid to another fluid as a result of temperature difference. Heat exchanger presented in the current paper in which inside the tubes flows water, but outside the tubes flows air aims to enable cooling of circulating water, which serves to cool the engine of a machine. Such exchangers find application in the automotive industry as well as heating and cooling equipment and HVAC systems etc. The surface of the heat exchanger by the air side always tends to be much larger using surface fins in order to facilitate equalization of thermal resistance for both sides of the heat exchanger, because the rate of transmission of heat from the water side is much greater. Furthermore, the paper will present analytical and experimental studies involved for determination of performance of plate-fin heat exchanger for various flows of working fluids in order to get the highest values of performances i.e.: overall heat transfer coefficient U, efficiency of heat exchanger ε, maximal and real heat transferred, pressure drop, air velocity and Reynolds number from the air side of heat exchanger etc. The present scientific paper is based on the fact that from the experimental model made for laboratory conditions, conclusions are derived that can be used during installation of such heat exchanger on certain machines in order to predict their performance.

Optimal design of the first stage of the platefin heat exchanger for the EAST cryogenic system

The size of the heat exchanger is an important factor determining the dimensions of the cold box in helium cryogenic systems. In this paper, a counter-flow multi-stream plate-fin heat exchanger is optimized by means of a spatial interpolation method coupled with a hybrid genetic algorithm.Compared with empirical correlations, this spatial interpolation algorithm based on a kriging model can be adopted to more precisely predict the Colburn heat transfer factors and Fanning friction factors of offset-strip fins. Moreover, strict computational fluid dynamics simulations can be carried out to predict the heat transfer and friction performance in the absence of reliable experimental data. Within the constraints of heat exchange requirements, maximum allowable pressure drop, existing manufacturing techniques and structural strength, a mathematical model of an optimized design with discrete and continuous variables based on a hybrid genetic algorithm is established in order to minimize the volume. The results show that for the first-stage heat exchanger in the EAST refrigerator, the structural size could be decreased from the original2.200？×？0.600？×？0.627（m^3） to the optimized 1.854？×？0.420？×？0.340（m3）, with a large reduction in volume. The current work demonstrates that the proposed method could be a useful tool to achieve optimization in an actual engineering project during the practical design process.

Performance Evaluation Methods for Multi-stream Plate-Fin Heat Exchanger

Mathematical model of cross type multi-stream plate-fin heat exchanger is established.Meanwhile,mean square error of accumulative heat load is normalized by dimensionless,and the equations of temperature-difference uniformity factor are improved.Evaluation factors above and performance of heat exchanger are compared and analyzed by taking aircraft three-stream condenser as an example.The results demonstrate that the mean square error of accumulative heat load is common result of total heat load and excess heat load between passages.So it can be influenced by passage arrangement,flow inlet parameters as well as flow patterns.Dimensionless parameter of mean square error of accumulative heat load can reflect the influence of passage arrangement to heat exchange performance and will not change dramatically with the variation of flow inlet parameters and flow patterns.Temperature-difference uniformity factor is influenced by passage arrangement and flow patterns.It remains basically unchanged under a certain range of flow inlet parameters.

Development of high-aspect-ratio microchannel heat exchanger based on multi-tool milling process

A high-aspect-ratio microchannel heat exchanger based on multi-tool milling process was developed. Several slotting cutters were stacked together for simultaneously machining several high-aspect-ratio microchannels with manifold structures. On the basis of multi-tool milling process, the structural design of the manifold side height, microchannel length, width, number, and interval were analyzed. The heat transfer performances of high-aspect-ratio microchannel heat exchangers with two different manifolds were investigated by experiments, and the influencing factors were analyzed. The results indicate that the magnitude of heat transfer area per unit volume dominates the heat transfer performances of plate-type micro heat exchanger, while the velocity distribution between microchannels has little effects on the heat transfer performances.

Heat Transfer Modelling of Plate Heat Exchanger in Solar Heating System

Plate heat exchanger can obtain higher thermal performance because of its advantages in high heat transfer coefficient, small scale, and can realize pure counter current flow. It has been widely applied in HVAC industry. In this paper, the numerical research of plate heat exchanger in solar heating system has been proposed. Aimed at the type of herringbone corrugated plate which has better thermal performance and been widely used, the three dimensional model is established by Gambit software. Using FLUENT software for numerical calculation, by studying the effect of corrugated inclination angle, corrugated depth, corrugated spacing and inlet velocity of heat exchanger on internal temperature, pressure, velocity distributions of domains, the relationship between the above parameters and the Nusselt Number and the pressure drop was obtained by simulation data. Heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop correlations used to measure the overall performance of the heat exchanger. The result shows that the optimal structure parameters is corrugated angle 60°, corrugated depth 4 mm and corrugated spacing 16 mm.

Numerical simulation of heat transfer and flow of cooling air in triangular wavy fin channels

Numerical computation models of air cooling heat transfer and flow behaviors in triangular wavy fin channels(TWFC) were established with structural parameters of fins considered.The air side properties of heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop are displayed with variable structural parameters of fins and inlet velocities of cooling air.Within the range of simulation,TWFC has the best comprehensive performance when inlet velocity vin=4-10 m/s.Compared with those of straight fins,the simulation results reveal that the triangular wavy fin channels are of higher heat transfer performances especially with the fin structural parameters of fin-height Fh=9.0 mm,fin-pitch Fp=2.5-3.0 mm,fin-wavelength λ=14.0-17.5 mm and fin-wave-amplitude A=1.0-1.2 mm.The correlations of both heat transfer factor and friction factor are presented,and the deviations from the experimental measurements are within 20%.

Experimental Study on Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Characteristics of Four Types of Plate Fin－and－TUbe Heat Exchanger Surfaces

In this paper, air side heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of twelve three-row plate finandtube heat exchanger cores of four types of fin configurations have been experimentally investigated.The heat transfer and friction factor correlations for'the twelve cores are provided in a wide range ofReynolds number. It is found that in the range of Reynolds number tested, the Nusselt number of theslotted fin surface is the largest and that of the plain plate fin is the lowest while the Nusselt numbersof two types of wavy fins are somewhere in between.

保温时间对钛合金板翅式换热器真空钎焊过程温度场及残余应力的影响

钛合金板翅式换热器成品率较低、残余应力较大,该文针对钛合金板翅结构真空钎焊过程开展热-固耦合建模与仿真研究,阐述了钎焊过程温度均匀性及残余应力分布特征,探明保温时间对钛合金板翅式换热器真空钎焊过程温度场及残余应力的影响机理.结果表明,板翅结构两侧温度较高,中部温度较低,延长保温时间可有效改善板翅结构的温度均匀性.残余应力均主要集中于翅片上表面与隔板背侧中部,在钎缝及夹持点处存在明显的应力集中现象,保温时间越长翅片钎缝的残余应力越小.模拟得到钛合金板翅式换热器真空钎焊中残余应力与试验结果相吻合,相对误差为5.3%,验证了该模型的准确性.

低阻叉流板式换热器传热性能与热阻靶向调控研究

用于烟气余热回收的板式换热器存在温度分布不均的问题。为改善烟气温度分布均匀性,有效遏制换热器腐蚀,本文通过实验测试对比碳钢与铸铁材质低阻叉流板式换热器性能差异,运用数值仿真预测局部流动传热特性并开展热阻分析,采用局部热阻调控方法设计了非均匀翅片结构。实验结果表明,在450℃高温时碳钢与铸铁材质的叉流板式换热器总传热系数分别达到32.5 W/(m^(2)·K)与25.1 W/(m^(2)·K)。通过数值仿真研究发现,叉流传热方式导致烟气侧沿程截面温度分布极不均匀,在热侧出口与冷侧入口交叉区、热侧出口与冷侧出口交叉区的热阻大,极易导致局部烟气温度低于露点温度。基于热阻分析法开发非均匀翅片结构,实施局部热阻靶向调控,最终实现维持阻力几乎不变情况下,使出口截面平均温度方差由6.9℃降至1.1℃,换热器内流体温度分布均匀性得到显著提升。

导流型高温板式换热器的流动与传热特性分析

以一种用于固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)热电联产的高温板式换热器为研究对象,通过数值模拟的方法,对其传热特性和阻力性能进行分析,探究波纹倾角的变化对高温板式换热器冷侧流道的流体流动、传热特性的影响,并搭建了粒子图像测速(PIV)实验平台,对其流场分布和流速进行试验,验证了数值模拟结果的正确性和可行性;采用单位压降的换热系数评价换热器的综合性能。结果表明,PIV试验与数值模拟得到的冷侧流道速度矢量分布大致相同,模拟结果与试验结果相比误差在10%以内;当β=70°时,换热器的压降损失最大,当β=30°时,换热器的压降损失较小且换热能力最强。在研究范围内,不同β下的综合性能随着Re的增加而减小,当β=10°时整体的综合性能最好,β=80°时最差,研究结果可为板式换热器工业设计选择提供参考。

渣油加氢装置高压换热器内漏分析及建议

渣油加氢装置在运行过程中发现热低压分离器油存在硫含量异常上升、加氢渣油产品质量不合格的问题,通过杂质脱除率分析、加热炉取热分析和傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱分析,判断为高压换热器内漏,估算运行至末期时内漏量已将近15%。停工后对换热器进行了水压试压,判断内漏原因为顶压螺栓预紧力偏小,在运行初期反应器的压降较小时换热器正常运行,随着运行时间延长换热器管壳程之间的压降增大,壳程的压力超过了金属包覆垫的回弹力,换热器的管壳程密封处渗漏,杂质含量较高的混氢原料油直接泄漏至加氢产品中,导致产品的杂质含量不断上升。建议采用金属齿形垫加钢环的结构替代目前使用的金属包覆垫,并重新核算换热器的预紧力,确保高压换热器长期高效运行。

钛合金板翅式换热器钎焊工艺仿真分析

针对钛合金板翅式换热器结构特点,确定了加压钎焊的工艺方法,开展了单层钛合金板翅式换热器钎焊仿真分析,并进行了工艺验证。根据换热器结构的受力特点,设计了加压后挡板变形和波纹板变形两种钎焊方式,并设置了不同变形下压量,采用ABAQUS有限元仿真软件对焊接过程进行了分析。结果表明,在单层挡板下压量为0.1 mm时,换热器整体受力均匀,最大应力为170MPa;在单层波纹板下压量为0.3 mm时,波纹板变形均匀,未出现畸变扭曲等缺陷,最大应力为165.8 MPa。设计了单层挡板总高度低于波纹板总高度0.3 mm,先将波纹板下压0.3 mm,再将挡板下压0.1 mm的工艺方案,并进行了验证,制备得到了质量良好、焊接紧密的换热器样件。

锯齿型翅片内不同温区氦气流动与传热性能对比及节距对翅片性能影响的研究

为分析板翅式换热器在低温工况下的流动换热性能与常温工况下的差异和翅片节距对其性能影响,建立氦气在锯齿翅片通道内流动与传热的数值模型,开展数值模拟分析。结果表明:低温氦气在锯齿型翅片通道内的传热性能优于常温氦气。在氦气入口温度为20 K时,j因子比300 K时提升1.1%~55.9%,比77 K时提升0.41%~13.01%;在氦气入口温度为77 K时,j因子比300 K时提升0.53%~38.47%。低温氦气在锯齿型翅片通道内的流动性能比常温氦气差。在氦气入口温度为20 K时,f因子比300 K时高16.84%~28.87%,比77 K时高3.98%~23.19%。翅片节距大小在不同温区下对翅片流动与传热性能均有显著影响。在不同温区下,j因子随着翅片节距增大而减小,f因子随着翅片节距减小而增大。低雷诺数时,JF因子随着翅片节距减小而增大,而高雷诺数时则出现相反的趋势。

测井仪器传热理论研究及仿真试验分析

为了保障石油开采向万米深层进发,提高测井仪器的耐温耐压指标,解决测井仪器电路热失效问题,针对测井仪器开展传热理论研究及仿真试验分析。根据测井仪器实际工况,通过仪器与井下流体的对流模型分析不同因素对平均对流换热系数的影响;针对直肋散热器构建传热模型,计算肋片散热效率,通过有限元方法求解测井仪器三维模型,并开展仪器高温试验,分析不同类型散热器对芯片温度的影响。结果表明,流体的平均对流换热系数与仪器上提速度正相关,可以通过调整井下流体成分的配比改变平均对流换热系数;测井仪器高温区域主要集中在芯片附近,应考虑将热量向仪器两端传递以提高散热效率;高温试验测试结果与散热器仿真结果一致,均说明弧形肋片散热器的散热效果最优。该研究可以为测井仪器热管理提供理论指导。

板壳式热交换器内制冷剂R410A蒸发传热性能研究

通过实验研究了板壳式热交换器内制冷剂R410A的蒸发传热特性,分析了饱和温度、质量流率和平均干度对蒸发传热系数及两相摩擦压降的影响。将实验数据与现有的蒸发传热预测模型进行比较,拟合得到了板壳式热交换器内R410A蒸发传热努塞尔数和摩擦因数的关联式。研究结果表明,R410A的蒸发传热系数随平均干度的增大先增大后减小,随质量流率的增大而增大,随饱和温度的升高而减小。两相摩擦压降随平均干度、质量流率的增大而增大,随饱和温度的升高而减小。R410A努塞尔数、摩擦因数的关联式计算值与实验值的平均误差绝对值分别为3.78%、4.08%。

重油加氢螺纹锁紧环换热器应用及运维策略

高压换热器是重油加氢裂化装置的核心设备之一,以螺纹锁紧环高压换热器应用最广。直径在φ1 600 mm以上者即为大口径高压换热器,该类换热器在国内部分炼油装置中出现过内漏情况。发生原因主要为内件和壳体膨胀差不同导致的,需要通过升级垫片和做好检修控制保证高压螺纹锁紧环换热器不发生内漏。

LNG铝制板翅式结构的常/低温断裂机理研究

为避免LNG铝制板翅式换热器的强度破坏并提高其使用寿命,基于轴向拉伸试验与扫描电子显微镜观测方法,研究了其铝制板翅式结构在常/低温下的拉伸断裂机理.结果表明,相比常温,低温下板翅试样的屈服极限增大了42.6%,抗拉强度增大了48.9%,破坏时的应变增大了27.8%.常/低温下板翅试样的断裂趋势主要为翅片根部中心朝钎焊区发展断裂以及钎焊区朝翅片根部发展断裂;断裂整体以解理断面及韧窝等形貌为主,但低温下翅片的解理断面密集程度更高,韧窝等塑性形貌更少.板翅试样常温下的断裂位置主要位于钎焊区,低温下的断裂位置仅位于钎焊区.因此,为避免铝制板翅式结构在钎焊区处发生断裂,可采取改善铝制板翅式结构的钎焊工艺以及增加钎焊区焊料等方式.

辊道窑尾部热交换器传热特性及涡流强化

辊道窑烟气余热回收作为建陶企业节能降碳重要技术举措,回收烟气离不开热交换器。为提升AlN陶瓷换热器的流动传热性能,分析了翅片管AlN陶瓷换热器的热阻占比,通过建立翅片管AlN陶瓷换热器的流动传热模型,模拟研究了翅片间距、翅片厚度、管间距和涡流发生器对换热器流动传热性能的影响。结果表明:AlN换热器管外空气换热热阻为主要热阻,占比达到85%以上;当翅片间距、管横向间距、管纵向间距增大时,Nu增大,压降减小,三者对Nu值和压降影响较大;当翅片厚度增大时,Nu减小,压降增大,但翅片厚度对Nu值和压降影响较小;在所模拟的结构参数中,当翅片间距为5 mm、翅片厚度为1.2 mm、管横向间距为12 mm、管纵向间距为16 mm时,AlN陶瓷换热器综合性能最好。相同计算工况下,与光管AlN陶瓷换热器相比,翅片管AlN陶瓷换热器的总传热系数提升了378.24%~466.41%,与翅片管AlN陶瓷换热器相比,涡流发生器翅片管AlN陶瓷换热器的总传热系数提升了32.78%~88.76%。

罗茨真空机组系统稳定性的提升

为解决螺杆真空系统运行效率低、真空稳定性差的问题,增强对螺杆真空控制系统的温度、电流、压力的监控,降低了事故处理的滞后性;增加板式换热器及列管冷凝器,冷却了热态气体,降低了真空泵负荷,提升了真空泵运行效率;对三级真空泵进行变频升级,有效调整了产能需求,保证了设备运行的最佳效率。通过以上工艺、设备、电气方面的调整,螺杆真空泵持续、高效的稳定运行得以实现。