Profile Analysis of the Proteome of the Egg of the High Royal Jelly Producing Bees (Apis mellifera L.)

The protein composition of the egg development in the high royal jelly producing bees （Apis mellifera L.） was investigated. This pioneer study was to separate and quantify the proteins in the egg of the high royal jelly producing worker bees （Apis mellifera L.） by using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis along with their three-day development. The results showed that 160, 195, and 176 proteins, with a wide range of molecular weight （17-80 KDa） and relatively narrow scope of pI （4. 00-8.40） could be detected on day 1, day 2, and day 3, respectively, during the developmental process of the egg. Meanwhile 44 protein spots were constantly detected along with the egg development. Among them 36% were in the uptrend along with the egg development, 14% were in the downtrend, and 39% were of the largest expressed volume on day 2. In addition, the specific proteins were expressed on day 1, day 2, and day 3 （89, 77, and 80, respectively）. Besides the coexistent and specific proteins, 24 proteins were expressed on day 1 and day 2, but silenced on day 3, 49 proteins were expressed on day 2 and day 3, but silenced on day 1, only 3 proteins were expressed on day 1 and day 3, but silenced on day 2. The result indicates that egg development is a sequential and complex gene controlled process, where the eggs of day 2 express the most active proteins. The coexistent proteins suggest that it is conservative and indispensable for this event. These specific proteins suggest that the different developmental stage needs specific proteins to regulate it.

Sino-Japan Joint Venture for Producing High

Ｓｉｎｏ－ＪａｐａｎＪｏｉｎｔＶｅｎｔｕｒｅｆｏｒＰｒｏｄｕｃｉｎｇＨｉｇｈＨｏｕＦｕＴｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅＭｅｄｉｕｍＯｉｌＴｈｅｃｏｎｔｒａｃｔｆｏｒｐｒｏｄｕｃｉｎｇｈｉｇｈｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅｍｅｄｉｕｍｏｉｌｂｙａＳｉｎｏ－ＪａｐａｎＪｏ...

Plasma Simulation of Dielectric-lined Multiwave Cerenkov Generators Producing High Power Millimeter Waves

This paper presents the concept of a Dielectric-lined Multiwave Cerenkov Generator producing high power millimeter waves, which has been investigated with a two and onehalf dimensional electromagnetic relativistic Particle-in-Cell (PIC) plasma simulation code. Themodified device can operate in a lower diode-voltage regime with much higher radiation efficiencyand slight downshift of operation frequency. There exist the optima for the permittivity of thedielectric liner and for the magnitude of the guiding magnetic field. The required intensity of theguiding field is reduced by the introduction of the liner. The enhanced propagation of the electronbeam is studied in the presence of the liner.

Producing High Intense Attosecond Pulse Train by Interaction of Three-Color Pulse and Overdense Plasma

Amplifying the attosecond pulse by the chirp pulse amplification method is impossible. Furthermore, the intensity of attosecond pulse is low in the interaction of laser pulse and underdense plasma. This motivates us to propose using a multi-color pulse to produce the high intense attosecond pulse. In the present study, the relativistic interaction of a three-color linearly-polarized laser-pulse with highly overdense plasma is studied. We show that the combination of ω1, ω2 and ω3 frequencies decreases the instance full width at half maximum reflected attosecond pulse train from the overdense plasma surface. Moreover, we show that the three-color pulse increases the intensity of generated harmonics, which is explained by the relativistic oscillating mirror model. The obtained results demonstrate that if the three-color laser pulse interacts with overdense plasma, it will enhance two orders of magnitude of intensity of ultra short attosecond pulses in comparison with monochromatic pulse.

Differences of hormones involved in adipose metabolism and lactation between high and low producing Holstein cows during heat stress

The experiment was conducted to evaluate hormonal involvement in the adipose metabolism and lactation between high and low producing dairy cows in a hot environment. Forty Holstein healthy cows with a similar parity were used and assigned into high producing group(average production41.44 ± 2.25 kg/d) and low producing group(average production 29.92 ± 1.02 kg/d) with 20 cows in each group. Blood samples were collected from caudal vein to determine the difference of hormones related to adipose metabolism and lactation. The highest, lowest, and average temperature humidity index(THI),recorded as 84.02, 79.35 and 81.89, respectively, indicated that cows were at the state of high heat stress.No significant differences between high and low producing groups were observed in the levels of nonestesterified fatty acid(NEFA), β-hydroxy butyrate(β-OHB), total cholesterol(TCHO), and insulin(INS)(P > 0.05). However, the very low density lipoprotein(VLDL), apolipoprotein B100(apoB-100), highdensity lipoprotein(HDL-C) and estrogen(E2) concentrations in high producing group were significantly higher than those of low producing group(P < 0.05). No significant differences between high and low producing groups were observed in the levels of prolactin(PRL) and progesterone(PROG)(P > 0.05),whereas high producing group had a rise in the insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1) level compared with low producing group(P < 0.05). These results indicated that, during summer, high and low producing dairy cows have similar levels of lipid catabolism, but high producing dairy cows have advantages in outputting hepatic triglyceride(TG).