Cascading Delays for the High-Speed Rail Network Under Different Emergencies:A Double Layer Network Approach

High-speed rail(HSR) has formed a networked operational scale in China. Any internal or external disturbance may deviate trains’ operation from the planned schedules, resulting in primary delays or even cascading delays on a network scale. Studying the delay propagation mechanism could help to improve the timetable resilience in the planning stage and realize cooperative rescheduling for dispatchers. To quickly and effectively predict the spatial-temporal range of cascading delays, this paper proposes a max-plus algebra based delay propagation model considering trains’ operation strategy and the systems’ constraints. A double-layer network based breadth-first search algorithm based on the constraint network and the timetable network is further proposed to solve the delay propagation process for different kinds of emergencies. The proposed model could deal with the delay propagation problem when emergencies occur in sections or stations and is suitable for static emergencies and dynamic emergencies. Case studies show that the proposed algorithm can significantly improve the computational efficiency of the large-scale HSR network. Moreover, the real operational data of China HSR is adopted to verify the proposed model, and the results show that the cascading delays can be timely and accurately inferred, and the delay propagation characteristics under three kinds of emergencies are unfolded.

Challenges of the Performance Standards of the International Finance Corporation in Financing the African Integrated High-Speed Railway Network and the Way Forward: The Case of Standard Gauge Railway in Tanzania

Financing of the African Integrated High-Speed Railway Network (AIHSRN) through Standard Gauge Railway (SGR) Projects is very expensive. As a result, most of the African countries seek financial supports from the International Financial Institutions (IFIs). However, conditions provided by the IFIs through the Performance Standards (PS) of the International Financial Corporation (IFC) increase cost of the projects and thus, it becomes a burden to most of the African countries. This study aimed to explore the causes of IFC-PS through the SGR Projects that escalate costs and how to address them. The Tanzania SGR Lot 1 Project that covered 205 km from Dar es Salaam to Morogoro was selected as a case study. The methods used for data collection involved literature review, focus group discussions and interviews. The results and findings show a gap between the IFC-PS and the National Laws and Regulations that escalates costs of the projects if funds from the IFIs were to be secured. To bridge the gap, it is recommended that the African countries should engage into negotiations with the IFIs to agree to waive IFC-PS conditions that escalate costs provided they are adequately covered in the national laws and regulations;engagement of locally established national and regional financial institutions;and the responsible government institutions in the African countries should sit together for assessment and review of the IFC-PS against the national laws and regulations.

A novel optical burst switching architecture for high speed networks

A novel optical burst switching （OBS） high speed network architecture has been proposed. To verify its feasibility and evaluate its performance, just-enough-time （JET） signaling has been considered as a high performance protocol. In the proposed architecture, to avoid burst losses, firstly, a short-prior- confirmation-packet （SPCP） is sent over the control channel that simulates the events that the actual packet will experience. Once SPCP detects a drop at any of the intermediate nodes, the actual packet is not sent but the process repeats. In order to increase network utilization, cost effectiveness and to overcome some limitations of conventional OBS, inherent codes （e.g., orthogonal optical codes （OOC））, which are codified only in intensity, has been used. Through simulations, it shows that a decrease in burst loss probability, cost effectiveness and a gain in processing time are obtained when optical label processing is used as compared with electronic processing.

A Real-Time TCP Stream Reassembly Mechanism in High-Speed Network

With the continual growth of the variety and complexity of network crime means, the traditional packet feature matching cannot detect all kinds of intrusion behaviors completely. It is urgent to reassemble network stream to perform packet processing at a semantic level above the network layer. This paper presents an efficient TCP stream reassembly mechanism for real-time processing of high-speed network traffic. By analyzing the characteristics of network stream in high-speed network and TCP connection establishment process, several polices for designing the reassembly mechanism are built. Then, the reassembly implementation is elaborated in accordance with the policies. Finally, the reassembly mechanism is compared with the traditional reassembly mechanism by the network traffic captured in a typical gigabit gateway. Experiment results illustrate that the reassembly mechanism is efficient and can satisfy the real-time property requirement of traffic analysis system in high-speed network.

A Genetic Based Fuzzy Q-Learning Flow Controller for High-Speed Networks

For the congestion problems in high-speed networks, a genetic based fuzzy Q-learning flow controller is proposed. Because of the uncertainties and highly time-varying, it is not easy to accurately obtain the complete information for high-speed networks. In this case, the Q-learning, which is independent of mathematic model, and prior-knowledge, has good performance. The fuzzy inference is introduced in order to facilitate generalization in large state space, and the genetic operators are used to obtain the consequent parts of fuzzy rules. Simulation results show that the proposed controller can learn to take the best action to regulate source flow with the features of high throughput and low packet loss ratio, and can avoid the occurrence of congestion effectively.

Extraction Fuzzy Linguistic Rules from Neural Networks for Maximizing Tool Life in High-speed Milling Process

In metal cutting industry it is a common practice to search for optimal combination of cutting parameters in order to maximize the tool life for a fixed minimum value of material removal rate（MRR）. After the advent of high-speed milling（HSM） pro cess, lots of experimental and theoretical researches have been done for this purpose which mainly emphasized on the optimization of the cutting parameters. It is highly beneficial to convert raw data into a comprehensive knowledge-based expert system using fuzzy logic as the reasoning mechanism. In this paper an attempt has been presented for the extraction of the rules from fuzzy neural network（FNN） so as to have the most effective knowledge-base for given set of data. Experiments were conducted to determine the best values of cutting speeds that can maximize tool life for different combinations of input parameters. A fuzzy neural network was constructed based on the fuzzification of input parameters and the cutting speed. After training process, raw rule sets were extracted and a rule pruning approach was proposed to obtain concise linguistic rules. The estimation process with fuzzy inference showed that the optimized combination of fuzzy rules provided the estimation error of only 6.34 m/min as compared to 314 m/min of that of randomized combination of rule s.

Sensitivity analysis of distributed parameter elements in high-speed circuit networks

This paper presents an analysis method, based on MacCormack＇s technique, for the evaluation of the time domain sensitivity of distributed parameter elements in high-speed circuit networks. Sensitivities can be calculated from electrical and physical parameters of the distributed parameter elements. The proposed method is a direct numerical method of time-space discretization and does not require complicated mathematical deductive process. Therefore, it is very convenient to program this method. It can be applied to sensitivity analysis of general transmission lines in linear or nonlinear circuit networks. The proposed method is second-order-accurate. Numerical experiment is presented to demonstrate its accuracy and efficiency.

Analysis of Dual-Core Type City and Its Hinterland Contact Pattern under the Background of High-Speed Rail Networking—Urban Agglomeration in Zhejiang Province as an Example

Under the background of high-speed rail networking, this paper uses the passenger trains, the type and direction of the railway via Hang Yong and its extension road line, to construct adsorption and dependency index among cities, depict the contact pattern between the Hang Yong dual-core and its hinterland, measure the “net effect” that two center cities (Hangzhou, Ningbo) have on their hinterland, and estimate population agglomeration potential and future possible population flows of Zhejiang Province and the main sample cities. The result shows that, compared with Ningbo, Hangzhou has stronger radiation force to the vast majority of sample cities, and the sample cities affected more by Ningbo mainly concentrates in Ningbo-Taizhou-Wenzhou along;in addition, the sample cities such as Hangzhou, Ningbo and so on show better population agglomeration, then the population “scramble” phenomenon between cities has begun to appear.

Study on Factors Affecting the Structure of High Speed Steel Ingot Produced by ESR

The influence of the metal pool depth and the local solidification time on the structure of high speed steel ingot produced by electroslag remelting (ESR) process has been studied by measuring the dendritic arm spacing and the size of the carbides. It is shown that the metal pool depth is a factor that influences the uniformity of the ESR ingot structure and not only the dendritic arm spacing, but also the size of the carbides can be influenced by the local solidification time in the solidification process of the ingot. The relationship between the melting rate during ESR process and the local solidification time has been studied. It is shown that there is an optimum melting rate at which the local solidification time is minimum as a result of the combination of the influence of the melt rate on the width of the local mushy zone and on the local solidification rate. The influence of the inoculants on the solidification structure of high speed steel produced by ESR has been studied and it is shown that the size of the grain can be significantly reduced by inoculation process.

High－Performance Network Communications for CSCW

Computer supported cooperative work as a new multi disciplinary research area, brings a lot of new challenges for the computer technologies. Having analyzed the CSCW applications by using the groupware space time matrix, we conclude that the communicatio

ANALYSIS OF THE TRANSMISSION PROPERTIES OF TAPERED MUTLICONDUCTOR INTERCONNECTING BUSES IN HIGH-SPEED INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

Analysis approach and formulas for the transmission properties of uniform multicon-ductor interconnecting buses in high-speed integrated circuits are presented in this article. And further, by using a network approach, a tapered bus system can be analyzed as a set of cascaded uniform buses with slightly different strip widths. Obtained results are in good agreement with the experimental data.

Resource Allocation in D2D-Aided High-Speed Railway Wireless Communication Systems： A Matching Theory Approach

With the rapid deployment of high speed railway(HSR) worldwide,both safety operation and comfort experience can be desired to evolve into a future era of intelligent transportation system.To eliminate boredom and provide entertainment for passengers,an intranet for internal communications among passengers named as onboard social network system(SNS) is needed.In this paper,the latest progress in HSR network architectures and technology building blocks are discussed to enable the implementation of the SNS.Meanwhile,based on the device-to-device(D2 D) communication technology for proximal information interaction,SNS can be efficiently facilitated.A dynamic resource allocation algorithm is proposed to maximize the total utility of the onboard SNS,which is solved with the matching theory method.Simulation results verify the convergence and efficiency of the proposed algorithm.

5G高铁专网覆盖综合解决方案研究和应用

5G高铁覆盖面临着资源占时短、瞬时容量高、车体损耗大、移动速度快、基站交替快和远近兼顾难等多重挑战。本文针对5G高铁专网的覆盖方案、容量方案、公专网频率协同方案、主设备与天线选型方案、优化创新方案五大关键点开展了对比论证和深入研究,并应用于某高铁规划建设优化实践中,提升了高铁客户的感知,满足了“5G高铁上车”过渡期的高铁场景5G覆盖需求,为后续高铁覆盖项目的应用推广提供了重要的参考。

高铁场景下意图驱动的网络智能运营研究

随着4G/5G网络的深入应用,高铁移动网络的用网体验成为人们持续关注的焦点。对高铁场景下意图驱动的网络智能运营进行了研究。充分利用大数据和AI技术等新质生产力技术,采用高铁车体移动指纹分析、切换序列判定等算法精准识别高铁用户,采用时序覆盖特征分析、频繁项挖掘算法等技术准确识别高铁路网覆盖情况,并以此为基础构建出高铁质差用户和小区的“评估-定位-闭环处理-效果验证”端到端闭环处理流程。

空铁综合运输网络结构特征实证分析

为探究中国空铁综合运输网络结构特性,以城市为节点,若城市间有航班或高铁则连边,以航班数量和高铁数量为权重,分别建立了3个加权网络:高铁子网络、航空子网络和空铁综合运输网络。首先,通过均值关联、三角中介中心度、加权谐波中心度指标对比研究了不同网络的关键节点;其次,通过聚类系数和平均最短路径长度研究了三个网络的小世界特性;再次,通过Newman算法研究了三个网络的社团结构;最后,通过加权网络效率为指标,研究了三个网络的鲁棒性。研究结果表明,北上广深是三个网络的三种不同加权中心度的排名都很靠前,是共有的最为关键的节点。三个网络都具有小世界特性,但只有高铁子网络的模块度值大于0.3,存在明显的社团结构,并被划分为了10个社团。空铁综合运输网络具有更好的加权网络效率,约为0.32,为三个网络中最高,节点失效时的加权效率变化最小,鲁棒性最强。可见空铁综合运输网络集成了高铁网络、航空网络的互补优势,网络结构特征优于单一运输网络。

高质量发展视角下高铁网络对城市经济的空间效应研究——以长江经济带为例

高铁网络的建设与完善能够极大地缩短城市间的地理距离,优化城市空间结构。基于2008—2020年长江经济带106个地级市数据,测算城市经济高质量发展水平和高铁网络水平,选择双向固定的静态和动态空间杜宾模型,检验高铁网络对城市经济发展的空间效应。研究结果表明:(1)高铁网络的完善有助于提高本城市的经济发展质量,但可能会对周边城市的经济发展质量产生一定的抑制作用。(2)高铁网络对周边城市的溢出效应因地区而异,尤其在长江中游地区,高铁网络对周边城市的经济高质量发展有着较为显著的抑制作用。(3)高铁网络的完善在短期内可能会对城市经济发展质量产生一定的抑制作用,但从长期来看,这种调整有助于推动城市经济的高质量发展。

高速铁路三维控制网粗差实时判别方法研究

高速铁路三维控制网外业观测易受不利环境因素影响,难免存在测量粗差,为了尽早识别测量粗差,提高外业数据质量及后续平差结果的精度,需进行三维控制网粗差实时判别方法的研究。根据三维控制网网形及其特点,详细分析三维控制网闭合环的类型,采用三维控制网(Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类)22种闭合环进行闭合差计算;同时,基于协方差传播定律构建闭合环校核边中误差的数学模型,以2倍闭合环相对中误差为限差,判别三维控制网外业数据质量。研究表明,三维控制网网形具有较强的规律性和对称性,在完成归整后,可使用1/7000,1/13000和1/23000为对应闭合环的极限误差进行粗差判别。研究结果表明,在三维控制网外业数据观测过程中,采用该方法能够实时判别并发现测量粗差,有利于以最小代价进行现场补测,从而提高三维控制网数据可靠性和数据质量。

高铁建设是否缩小了区域创新差距?——基于多期差分法和社会网络分析

基于我国2005-2019年的城市面板数据,从高铁开通和高铁网络两个视角,实证检验高铁建设对区域创新差距的影响。结果显示,高铁开通对区域创新差距具有显著的缩小效应。区域异质性分析发现,高铁开通对区域创新差距的缩小效应对西部地区的作用更大,且在二线以上城市更为明显;机制分析表明,人力资本和物质资本是高铁建设影响区域创新差距的中介路径,且后者的作用更大;社会网络分析则认为,城市在高铁网络中的联系广度和中心性越高,高铁对区域创新差距的缩小效应越强。基于此,文章从优化高铁网络配置、改善要素流动机制和制定区域创新发展策略三方面提出了相应的政策建议。

高铁开通对中国航空客运网络连通性的影响

为了科学优化中国航空客运网络发展,选取2000—2018年中国定期通航的运输机场所在地级及以上城市的非平衡面板数据,将高铁开通视为一项准自然实验,采用多期双重差分模型实证分析高铁开通对中国航空客运网络连通性水平的影响。研究发现:高铁开通显著提升了中国航空客运网络连通性水平;高铁开通对节点中心性的提升作用不受该城市所处区域的影响,均有显著的促进作用,对东部城市中心性的促进作用大于中西部城市。

智慧高速铁路运行控制系统发展趋势综述

在保障安全的前提下,高速铁路运行控制系统进一步结合现代感知、控制、通信以及人工智能技术实现智慧化,是未来高速铁路发展的前沿方向。分析目前高速铁路运营中仍存在异物侵限造成安全事故、突发事件导致列车延误、运力与运量不匹配等问题,提出高速铁路运行控制系统的智能化、智慧化是解决上述问题的重要手段,是保持和提升我国高速铁路技术整体竞争力的核心组成部分。新时期的智慧高速铁路运行控制系统以实现列车(群)全天候全无人自主追踪运行控制为目标,主要包括移动闭塞、列车运行净空感知、列车状态智能监测、列车自主追踪、智能调度指挥、车-地动态自组网通信等关键技术。结合新一代使能技术,研究高速铁路运行控制智能技术的应用及其发展趋势,对我国智慧高速铁路的发展具有参考价值。