Study on dynamic response of high speed train window glass under tunnel aerodynamic effects

Purpose-This paper aims to analyze the bearing characteristics of the high speed train window glass under aerodynamic load effects.Design/methodology/approach-In order to obtain the dynamic strain response of passenger compartment window glass during high-speed train crossing the tunnel,taking the passenger compartment window glass of the CRH3 high speed train onWuhan-Guangzhou High Speed Railway as the research object,this study tests the strain dynamic response and maximum principal stress of the high speed train passing through the tunnel entrance and exit,the tunnel and tunnel groups as well as trains meeting in the tunnel at an average speed of 300 km$h-1.Findings-The results show that while crossing the tunnel,the passenger compartment window glass of high speed train is subjected to the alternating action of positive and negative air pressures,which shows the typical mechanic characteristics of the alternating fatigue stress of positive-negative transient strain.The maximum principal stress of passenger compartment window glass for high speed train caused by tunnel aerodynamic effects does not exceed 5 MPa,and the maximum value occurs at the corresponding time of crossing the tunnel groups.The high speed train window glass bears medium and low strain rates under the action of tunnel aerodynamic effects,while the maximum strain rate occurs at the meeting moment when the window glass meets the train head approaching from the opposite side in the tunnel.The shear modulus of laminated glass PVB film that makes up high speed train window glass is sensitive to the temperature and action time.The dynamically equivalent thickness and stiffness of the laminated glass and the dynamic bearing capacity of the window glass decrease with the increase of the action time under tunnel aerodynamic pressure.Thus,the influence of the loading action time and fatigue under tunnel aerodynamic effects on the glass strength should be considered in the design for the bearing performance of high speed train window glass.Originality/value-The research results provide data support for the analysis of mechanical characteristics,damage mechanism,strength design and structural optimization of high speed train glass.

Motion stability of high-speed maglev systems in consideration of aerodynamic effects: a study of a single magnetic suspension system

In this study, the intrinsic mechanism of aerodynamic effects on the motion stability of a high-speed maglev system was investigated. The concept of a critical speed for maglev vehicles considering the aerodynamic effect is proposed. The study was carried out based on a single magnetic suspension system, which is convenient for proposing relevant concepts and obtaining explicit expressions. This study shows that the motion stability of the suspension system is closely related to the vehicle speed when aerodynamic effects are considered. With increases of the vehicle speed, the stability behavior of the system changes. At a certain vehicle speed,the stability of the system reaches a critical state, followed by instability. The speed corresponding to the critical state is the critical speed. Analysis reveals that when the system reaches the critical state, it takes two forms, with two critical speeds, and thus two expressions for the critical speed are obtained. The conditions of the existence of the critical speed were determined, and the effects of the control parameters and the lift coefficient on the critical speed were analyzed by numerical analysis. The results show that the first critical speed appears when the aerodynamic force is upward,and the second critical speed appears when the aerodynamic force is downward. Moreover, both critical speeds decrease with the increase of the lift coefficient.

Study on the sunny-shady slope effect on the subgrade of a high-speed railway in a seasonal frozen region

The temperature distributions of different parts of a subgrade were analyzed based on the results of three years of moni- toring data from the Harbin-Qiqihaer Passenger Dedicated Line, a high-speed railway, including the slope toes, shoulders, and natural ground. The temperature variation with time and the maximum frozen depths showed that an obvious sun- ny-shady effect exists in the railway subgrade, which spans a seasonal frozen region. Development of frost heave is af- fected by the asymmetric temperature distribution. The temperature field and the maximum frozen depths 50 years after the subgrade was built were simulated with a mathematical model of the unsteady phase transition of the geothermal field.

Design and implementation of 1 GHz high speed data acquisition system

With the development of current electronic technology, numerous high-speed data acquisition systems provide a variety of potential benefits. This article describes a high-speed data acquisition system which consists of ECL logic and TTL logic devices, samples and stores data with a 1 GHz clock. This system is accomplished easily and works stably. A performance test of this system has been undertaken and the results show that the effective number of bits （ENOB） is more than 6.5 bits.

High speed railway promoting development of low-carbon economy in China

Low-carbon Economy is a kind of economic developing mode which takes low energy consumption,low pollution and low discharge as its foundation. It is another important revolution of the human society after the agriculture civilization and industry civilization. It deals with various fields including low-carbon energy,low-carbon agriculture,low-carbon industry,low-carbon transportation and low-carbon life,etc. Among those,low-carbon transportation is one of the important contents. Since high speed railway uses electricity as driving force,it runs without discharging waste gas,and it is a kind of clean and green transportation with little dust and smoke black. Therefore,the study of the relationship between the high speed railway and low-carbon economy is becoming one of the important frontier problems that confronting the theoretic circle. With demonstration analysis and comparative analysis,this paper discusses the comparative advantages of high speed railway in terms of energy saving and environment protection,treatment of sound pollution,land saving and reduction of external cost(mainly pollution treatment cost) ,etc. compared with the other transportation modes and ordinary railway. Taking Beijing-Tianjin Intercity Railway as an example,the paper further demonstrates the distinctive advantages in respect of energy conservation and emission reduction. Besides,the paper also predicates the low-carbon effects after several high speed railways is put into operation in a few years. It is concluded that the development of high speed railways will meet the need of low-carbon economy and is significant for sustainable and steady development of economy and society.

Assessing the influence of highway and high-speed railway construction on local climate using Landsat images in karst areas

Large-scale transportation infrastructure construction in ecologically vulnerable areas such as the karst region of Southwest China requires estimation method for better project design.This research was carried out on a four-lane highway(the Guilin-Guiyang highway,G76)and a two-lane highspeed railway(the Guilin-Guiyang high-speed railway,GGHSR)in karst areas in Guizhou and Guangxi provinces.The highway and high-speed railway were constructed in the 2010 s and covered by Landsat images whose multispectral information could be used for research purposes.In this study,the severity of the impact and the CO2 emissions from the G76 and GGHSR construction were evaluated.Landsat images and field meteorological measurements were applied to calculate the surface functional parameters(surface temperature and surface wetness)and heat fluxes(latent,sensible and ground heat flux)before and during the highway and high-speed railway construction;the amount of CO2 emissions during the G76 and GGHSR construction were determined by using budget sheets,which record the detail consumptions of materials and energy.The results showed that the decrease of water evaporation from the highway and high-speed railway construction can reach up to 26.4 m3 and 20.1 m3 per kilometer,which corresponds to an average decrease in the vegetation cooling effect of 18.0 MWh per day per highway kilometer and 13.7 MWh per day per high-speed railway kilometer,respectively.At the meantime,the average CO2 emission densities from the G76 and GGHSR construction can reach up to 24813.7 and 36921.1 t/km,respectively.This study implied that extensive line constructions have a significant impact on the local climate and the energy balance,and it is evident that selecting and planting appropriate plant species can compensate for the adverse effects of line constructions in karst mountain regions.

高速列车突出隧道过程中横风效应研究

为研究横风效应对突然驶出隧道过程中高速列车气动特性的影响,基于列车流场的三维、可压缩性的非定常特性,建立隧道-列车-横风三维数值模模型,研究横风效应对驶出隧道过程中高速列车流场分布和列车表面压力的影响,揭示列车气动荷载变化机理。通过与动模型试验结果进行对比,验证数值模拟的合理性。研究结果表明:横风下列车驶出隧道过程中流场分布具有显著空间效应,受列车与隧道相互作用影响,隧道出口附近流场具有明显非定常特性;相较于无风情形,横风下列车底部压力变化幅值增大60%,列车迎风面、顶部压力变化幅值分别增大38.1%和28.6%,背风面压力变化幅值差异为4.8%,背风面压力分布受横风影响最小;横风效应导致列车气动特性发生显著变化,气动荷载变化幅值远比无风情形的大,无风时尾车横向力、升力变化幅值最大,横风作用下头车横向力变化幅值最大,倾覆风险最大。

基于频域分析的高速列车侧风倾覆机理

侧风作用下列车的动态环境以轮轨相互作用为主向,以空气动力作用为主演变,列车的侧风倾覆行为成为威胁列车行车安全性的主要诱因.首先,采用精细化车-轨耦合模型开展列车侧风倾覆的频域特性分析,以明确侧风倾覆响应对列车模型的敏感性;基于考虑模态特性的频域分析框架,推导脉动风及轨道不平顺与列车倾覆动力响应间的传递函数,结合相应参数进行分析,以直观揭示列车的侧风倾覆机理.结果表明:列车倾覆行为受绕车体下心侧滚模态和车体沉浮模态控制影响,其风荷载影响要明显大于轨道不平顺;在轨道不平顺激励下,第一阶模态贡献主要由轨向不平顺引起,第二阶模态贡献主要由高低不平顺引起,在脉动风荷载激励下,其顺风向脉动风分量起主要贡献;车速、风速和风向角的增大都会引起列车动力响应的增大,进而降低列车安全运营时的最大允许风速;失效概率的增大会降低动力响应的极值,进而提高安全运营风速.

高铁开通与边缘城市金融要素发展:极化还是涓滴效应

高铁开通对金融要素在核心城市和边缘城市流动的影响一直存在争议。本文采用区位熵、城市的金融规模和人口流动等因素区分金融要素集中的核心城市和相对不集中的边缘城市,并使用双重差分(DID)法进行实证检验。结果显示,高铁开通使边缘城市与核心城市的金融要素发展差距扩大,极化效应凸显,这一现象在不同区域间存在异质性,且距离愈远极化效应表现愈显著。伴随极化效应,区域内金融要素高度集中,金融要素市场潜力下降。研究结论为高铁开通下边缘城市扮演的金融要素角色提供了经验证据。

气井高速非达西效应主控因素分析

气藏开发实践表明,高速非达西效应对气井产能有着重要影响,不同的气藏,高速非达西效应的影响程度是不同的。对于地层压力较低的气藏,当气井产量较高时,高速非达西效应表现比较强;而对于地层压力较高的气藏,相同的气井产量,高速非达西效应可能并不强。其原因在于气体在较高的地层压力下压缩程度很强,密度、黏度更大,天然气的渗流速度更低,高速非达西效应更弱。根据气井产能方程和雷诺数方程,从气井产量、储层物性和气体性质等方面对影响非达西效应的主要因素进行了敏感性研究,基于临界雷诺数得到了达西和非达西渗流界限,建立了天然气达西渗流图版。通过该图版,可以明确非达西效应的强弱,进而为确定气井配产上限提供指导。

大风区段开孔式挡风墙对正馈线气动特性的影响

兰新高速铁路常年遭受风灾,挡风墙的修建虽有效防止了列车倾覆,但加剧了接触网正馈线的舞动。针对大风区段既有挡风墙“防车不防网”的不足,通过设计一种开孔式挡风墙,基于流体力学理论建立计算域模型,对挡风墙的防风效果进行评估,并仿真分析挡风墙孔隙率及开孔角度对于正馈线气动特性响应的规律。结果表明:挡风墙设置一定孔隙率后,会冲击挡风墙后形成的旋涡流场,使流场趋于平稳;随着孔隙率的增大挡风墙尾流接触网正馈线位置处气流增速区范围大幅减小,且正馈线气动力系数呈明显降低趋势;当挡风墙孔隙率为0.3时,挡风墙背风侧风速残余系数为0.46~0.69,此时正馈线升、阻力系数下降率分别超过41.56%和24.59%;在孔隙率为0.3,且挡风墙设置150°开孔角度时,正馈线气动力系数相较其他角度降幅明显,从而对于正馈线的舞动可以起到进一步的抑制作用。研究成果可为兰新高铁大风区段接触网正馈线舞动防治及挡风墙优化提供一定的理论参考。

高速铁路旅客购票时间选择行为研究

研究高速铁路旅客的购票行为对铁路企业预测需求、优化票价、分配票额等具有重要意义。考虑旅客个体和群体层面的异质性,分别构建混合和潜在类别Logit模型,研究出行时段、票种和供需关系等因素对旅客购票时间选择的影响。利用售票数据估计模型参数,得到高速铁路旅客购票时间选择的规律:一天中下午和晚上出行的旅客在出行当日或前一天购票的可能性更高;购买全价票、儿童票、半价票的旅客偏向于在距离出发日9~30 d内购票,免票旅客往往选择随到随走;供需关系会显著影响旅客的购票时间选择而且越临近出发日影响越显著。进一步结合预售期购票量预测值和旅客购票选择概率,计算各预售阶段的购票量,可为铁路企业制定票额预分和浮动票价等策略提供决策依据。

高铁服务供给对碳减排的影响——基于空间溢出效应

交通基础设施建设深刻影响环境质量,却鲜有研究关注高铁发展对于碳排放的影响。本文基于直接环境效应和间接经济效应双重路径,理论剖析高铁服务供给实现碳减排的内在机制,进而将空间计量模型与连续型双重差分相结合,基于高铁服务频次数据实证考察高铁服务供给如何影响城市碳排放,及其在空间维度的溢出效应。研究发现,高铁服务供给有助于减少本地碳排放,同时具有碳减排空间溢出效应;时间维度上,高铁服务供给的本地减排效应立竿见影且渐趋强化,而对于周边地区碳排放的影响则存在明显的时滞特征;机制检验表明高铁服务供给能够基于交通工具替代发挥空间减排效应;高铁服务供给的碳减排效应在资源禀赋维度和地理位置维度表现出异质特征。本文进一步丰富了高铁与碳减排研究内容,既拓展了碳减排的交通基础设施建设路径,亦为高铁发展的环境效应提供了有力佐证。

基于数据驱动的动车组镍镉电池记忆效应消除策略研究

在碱性镍镉蓄电池长期未彻底充放电的情况下,蓄电池会产生次级放电平台,称为“记忆效应”。该效应会导致电池可释放容量降低,需要定期消除。在动车组蓄电池检修中,传统的“记忆效应”消除方法耗时过长,会对检修工作带来很大压力。为了降低储能检修成本,对动车组镍镉电池“记忆效应”消除策略优化方案开展研究。以实际动车组三级修镍镉蓄电池电池为研究对象,通过分析电池的充放电循环中的参数特征,结合大量的电池充放电实验,提取出与电池容量密切相关的特征数据。首先,通过特征筛选和降维组合,搭建线性模型和非线性模型的交叉加权耦合方法,创建近似模型以反映电池的真实可释放容量,消除镍镉电池不一致性对优化方案实验设计带来的系统误差。其次,在此基础上,通过调整影响电池状态的高影响因子变量,构建正交实验方案。研究动车组镍镉蓄电池“记忆效应”快速、安全的消除策略。最后,通过重复验证实验和安全性检测实验对该策略进行实证,研究结果表明,提出的镍镉蓄电池“记忆效应”消除策略能够有效恢复镍镉电池真实容量,并且能够极大地缩减时间成本(约44.15%),并且有利于缓解蓄电池因过充导致电池劣化现象。该消除方案对于提升动车组镍镉电池的维护效率及确保其安全性具有重要意义。

高速铁路对城市空间结构的影响及机制研究

为探索高速铁路在城市空间格局演化中的作用,利用夜间灯光数据和LandScan人口分布数据构造了表征城市空间结构的城市蔓延指数,运用多期DID模型和工具变量法实证检验了高速铁路对城市空间结构的影响及作用机制。研究发现:高速铁路开通显著促进了城市空间结构的分散化,在考虑内生性问题及一系列稳健性检验后该结论依然成立。异质性分析表明,高速铁路对城市空间结构的重塑作用在中小规模城市和位于三大城市群以外的城市中更显著。机制分析发现,高速铁路能够通过推动产业结构高级化和建成区面积扩张导致城市空间结构趋于分散化,劳动力集聚则在高速铁路与城市空间结构之间起到遮掩效应。研究对于更好地推进高速铁路建设和引导城市空间结构有序发展具有重要意义。

高速铁路对粤港澳大湾区机场群航线网络分层次影响研究

研究高速铁路对粤港澳大湾区机场群航线网络的影响,是优化其航线网络设计的重要基础。以2010—2019年粤港澳大湾区机场群航线网络面板数据为样本,运用Robust回归模型和固定效应模型,分层次考察高速铁路对粤港澳大湾区机场群航线网络的影响。研究表明,高速铁路对粤港澳大湾区机场群整体航线网络具有正向影响;对“粤港澳大湾区机场群—长三角机场群”和“粤港澳大湾区机场群—京津冀机场群”航线网络具有显著正向作用;对“粤港澳大湾区机场群—国际航空枢纽城市”航线网络和“粤港澳大湾区机场群—区域航空枢纽城市”航线网络具有正向影响,而对“粤港澳大湾区机场群—非航空枢纽城市”航线网络具有显著负向影响。总体而言,高速铁路可以促进粤港澳大湾区机场群航线网络发展,为机场群发展提供参考依据。

基于ALE方法的弹体入水硬质聚氨酯泡沫缓冲器降载性能分析

针对弹体高速入水过程中的降载问题,设计一种硬质聚氨酯泡沫缓冲器。基于霍普金森压杆实验技术,获取冲击载荷下硬质聚氨酯泡沫密度和应变率效应,构建其宏观本构模型。采用拉格朗日-欧拉流固耦合方法(ALE),建立弹体入水冲击数值仿真模型,验证所建本构关系及ALE方法的合理性,对加装缓冲器的弹体高速入水问题进行数值仿真计算,获得入水过程中硬质聚氨酯泡沫的动态破坏过程及弹体运动参数,从而分析硬质聚氨酯泡沫密度、厚度对降载特性影响规律,讨论不同入水速度下硬质聚氨酯泡沫参数的设计方法。研究结果表明:硬质聚氨酯泡沫动态力学性能应变率效应不明显,但密度效应明显,缓冲降载性能随硬质聚氨酯泡沫密度和厚度的增大而升高。

单体高速船截流板减阻的浅水特性分析

[目的]为探究水深对截流板减阻效果及最佳减阻高度的影响,基于RANS方程组数值求解的方法,对加装不同高度截流板的单体高速船进行深浅水绕流场数值模拟。[方法]首先,以DTMB 5415光体高速船为研究对象进行数值方法的有效性验证与不确定度分析;然后,对不同截流板高度与水深工况下的某高速单体船进行绕流场数值模拟;最后,基于数值结果分析不同工况的阻力、航态及流场特性。[结果]研究表明,截流板的减阻效果存在明显的浅水效应;最佳减阻高度随水深变化基本不变,截流板对纵倾角度的降低也基本不随水深的变化而改变;截流板有一定降低船后兴波的作用,但随着水深的减小,该作用效果会减弱。[结论]所做研究对截流板在浅水中的应用具有一定的参考价值。

高速列车转向架区域气动发声尺度特征研究

基于大涡模拟(LES)和声学有限元法,在400 km/h车速条件下,对1:8缩比尺度简化转向架模型进行数值模拟研究,并仿真对比同一模型在1:4、1:8、1:16和1:25缩比下的流场扰动特征及气动发声特征。研究结果表明:转向架区域内前缘剪切流与转向架本体以及转向架舱之间的耦合作用明显,可见L1和L2两种典型的循环反馈扰动模式;转向架本体结构间也存在次一级扰动,这些扰动增强了剪切流动的不稳定性;这些扰动循环反馈模式即为该区域气动发声的主要模式。尺度变化较显著改变了转向架区域的流场扰动特征,尤其是L2反馈模式;随着尺度减小,表面脉动压力及声源能量向高频迁移,声源能量先减小后增大(变化范围在2 dB内),且构架和后轮对的声源能量占比有所增加;在缩比为1:4、1:8、1:16和1:25时,频率修正后的标准点平均声压级分别为105.5、103.9、104.3、105.1 dB(A)(变化范围在1.6 dB内)。对于全尺寸模型,这种差距将进一步扩大。

高速永磁电机铁耗精确计算两项式模型

基于分段带补偿项的铁耗计算方法,本文提出了一种适用于高速永磁电机铁耗精确计算的两项式数学模型。通过结合高速电机运行特性对频率和磁密区间进行双重划分,在Jordan损耗分离模型的基础上引入涡流及磁滞损耗补偿项考虑磁饱和、局部磁滞回环及涡流趋肤效应等非线性因素对硅钢片单位损耗特性的影响。该模型新增参数均为随频率和磁密变化的分段常函数,通过L-M算法拟合求解,在减小计算量的同时明确反映铁磁材料非线性对铁耗计算的影响,实现铁耗精确计算。最后,以某高速电机用硅钢片35SWH1900为例,对比了本文所提模型与Jordan损耗分离模型在单位损耗上的计算误差,实验结果表明所提模型计算误差基本在15%以内,能够有效提升高速永磁电机铁耗的计算精度。