Cascading Delays for the High-Speed Rail Network Under Different Emergencies:A Double Layer Network Approach

High-speed rail(HSR) has formed a networked operational scale in China. Any internal or external disturbance may deviate trains’ operation from the planned schedules, resulting in primary delays or even cascading delays on a network scale. Studying the delay propagation mechanism could help to improve the timetable resilience in the planning stage and realize cooperative rescheduling for dispatchers. To quickly and effectively predict the spatial-temporal range of cascading delays, this paper proposes a max-plus algebra based delay propagation model considering trains’ operation strategy and the systems’ constraints. A double-layer network based breadth-first search algorithm based on the constraint network and the timetable network is further proposed to solve the delay propagation process for different kinds of emergencies. The proposed model could deal with the delay propagation problem when emergencies occur in sections or stations and is suitable for static emergencies and dynamic emergencies. Case studies show that the proposed algorithm can significantly improve the computational efficiency of the large-scale HSR network. Moreover, the real operational data of China HSR is adopted to verify the proposed model, and the results show that the cascading delays can be timely and accurately inferred, and the delay propagation characteristics under three kinds of emergencies are unfolded.

A multidimensional examination of performances of HSR (High-Speed Rail) systems

This paper deals with a multidimensional examination of the infrastructural, technical/technological, operational, economic, social, and environmental performances of high-speed rail （HSR） systems, including their overview, analysis of some real-life cases, and limited （analytical） modeling. The infrastructural performances reflect design and geometrical characteristics of the HSR lines and stations. The technical/technological performances relate to the characteristics of rolling stock, i.e., high-speed trains, and supportive facilities and equipment, i.e., the power supply, signaling, and traffic control and management system（s）. The operational performances include the capacity and productivity of HSR lines and rolling stock, and quality of services. The economic per- formances refer to the HSR systems＇ costs, revenues, and their relationship. The social performances relate to the impacts of HSR systems on the society such as congestion, noise, and safety, and their externalities, and the effects in terms of contribution to the local and global/country social- economic development. Finally, the environmental performances of the HSR systems reflect their energy consumption and related emissions of green house gases, land use, and corresponding externalities.

Analysis of Dual-Core Type City and Its Hinterland Contact Pattern under the Background of High-Speed Rail Networking—Urban Agglomeration in Zhejiang Province as an Example

Under the background of high-speed rail networking, this paper uses the passenger trains, the type and direction of the railway via Hang Yong and its extension road line, to construct adsorption and dependency index among cities, depict the contact pattern between the Hang Yong dual-core and its hinterland, measure the “net effect” that two center cities (Hangzhou, Ningbo) have on their hinterland, and estimate population agglomeration potential and future possible population flows of Zhejiang Province and the main sample cities. The result shows that, compared with Ningbo, Hangzhou has stronger radiation force to the vast majority of sample cities, and the sample cities affected more by Ningbo mainly concentrates in Ningbo-Taizhou-Wenzhou along;in addition, the sample cities such as Hangzhou, Ningbo and so on show better population agglomeration, then the population “scramble” phenomenon between cities has begun to appear.

Typical wheel–rail profile change rules and matching characteristics of high speed railway in China

Purpose–In order to systematically grasp the changes and matching characteristics of wheel and rail profiles of high speed railway(HSR)in China,172 rail profile measurement points and 384 wheels of 6 high-speed electric motive unites(EMUs)were selected on 6 typical HSR lines,including Beijing–Shanghai,Wuhan–Guangzhou,Harbin–Dalian,Lanzhou–Xinjiang,Guiyang–Guangzhou and Dandong–Dalian for a two-year field test.Design/methodology/approach–Based on the measured data,the characteristics of rail and wheel wear were analyzed by mathematical statistics method.The equivalent conicity of wheel and rail matching in a wheel reprofiling cycle was analyzed by using the measured rail profile.Findings–Results showed that when the curve radius of HSR was larger than 2,495 m,the wear rate of straight line and curve rail was almost the same.For the line with annual traffic gross weight less than 11 Mt,the vertical wear of rail was less than 0.01 mm.The wear rate of the rail with the curve radius less than 800 m increased obviously.The wheel tread wear of EMUs on Harbin–Dalian line,Lanzhou–Xinjiang line and Dandong–Dalian line was relatively large,and the average wear rate of tread was about 0.05–0.06 mm$(10,000 km)
1,while that of Beijing–Shanghai line,Wuhan–Guangzhou line and Guiyang–Guangzhou line was about 0.03–0.035 mm$(10,000 km)
1.When the wear range was small,the equivalent conicity increased with the increase of wheel tread wear.When the wear range of wheel was wide,the wheel–rail contact points were evenly distributed,and the equivalent conicity did not increase obviously.Originality/value–This research proposes the distribution range of the equivalent conicity in one reprofiling cycle of various EMU trains,which provides guidance for the condition-based wheel reprofiling.

Construction management through bot: Taiwan high speed rall case

One of the key elements in real estate management is streamlining the construction process. Thus, the facilities can be built on a faster, cheaper, and higher quality base. Consequently, it will enhance the owner’s competitiveness. Due to the high cost and lengthy duration of mega-construction projects in recent years, Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) contracts are getting popular in delivering constructed projects in the public sector. With BOT, the public owners are able to focus on the effectiveness of fair resource allocation as well as bring the efficiency of private enterprise into governmental operations. This paper uses Taiwan High Speed Rail project to exemplify the BOT method in executing the constructed projects in the chain of real estate management processes. The paper explains the reasons for building HSR and adopting BOT approach. The detail of the HSR project and the feasibility analysis of the project will be presented in this paper. The feasibility analysis comprises the comparisons of different transportation means, the financial analysis, and other benefits from HSR. Finally, conclusions will be drawn.

Fundamental Ideas and Basic Concepts of HSR Route Selection in Complicated Urban Areas

Up till now,no systematic studies on railway route selection in urban areas,HSR route selection in particular,have been taken in China.Based on the Shenzhen Railway Terminal Project and the Shenzhen-Shanwei Railway Project,research on HSR route selection in complicated urban areas has been conducted.An optimal route selection plan is determined after studying the local geological and environmental conditions and the complexity of tunnel construction.The research concludes that there are four major concerns in HSR route selection:the match between the new route and the urban planning,the potential economic return for the massive investment,the likely impacts of land expropriation on social stability,and the best synthesis of multiple controlling factors to meet the HSR standard.Moreover,six principles should be followed in railway route selection in complicated urban areas:the new route should be in alignment with the railway deployment;the route should align with the existing passage as much as possible;extensive analysis and in-depth demonstrations should be done to find the most appropriate combination of open and hidden excavation in tunnel construction;geological conditions and tunnel construction complexities are among the priorities;environmental sensitive sites and environmental vibration noise should be avoided as much as possible;special attention should be paid to the relocation of the power supply,television and communication facilities and the rearrangement of tubes and wires.

5G高铁专网覆盖综合解决方案研究和应用

5G高铁覆盖面临着资源占时短、瞬时容量高、车体损耗大、移动速度快、基站交替快和远近兼顾难等多重挑战。本文针对5G高铁专网的覆盖方案、容量方案、公专网频率协同方案、主设备与天线选型方案、优化创新方案五大关键点开展了对比论证和深入研究,并应用于某高铁规划建设优化实践中,提升了高铁客户的感知,满足了“5G高铁上车”过渡期的高铁场景5G覆盖需求,为后续高铁覆盖项目的应用推广提供了重要的参考。

基于脑电信号特征的高铁调度员疲劳状态识别

为增强铁路行车的稳定性与安全性,有效识别调度员的疲劳状态对行车组织的影响,基于脑电(EEG)信号特征,提出一种调度员疲劳状态识别方法,根据作业时间段划分调度员的疲劳状态,设计高铁调度模拟试验获取脑电信号数据,通过小波级数展开和傅里叶变换提取高铁调度被试的3种脑电波频域幅值作为特征值,结合调度员作业特征和脑电信号特征,验证疲劳状态的划分结果,通过Python语言环境搭建ResNet18+SoftMax和MobileNet V2+SoftMax这2种模型,基于深度学习方法,将输入特征转换为三维立体矩形模型,并优化调整权重,获得最优模型,从而判断高铁调度员的疲劳状态。研究结果表明:ResNet18+SoftMax和MobileNet V2+SoftMax神经网络模型对高铁调度试验参与人员的疲劳状态识别准确率分别为92.78%和99.17%;相较于支持向量机(SVM)模型,这2种模型可提升清醒状态和疲劳状态的识别精度,并降低运算时间,其中,MobileNet V2+SoftMax模型的识别准确率和运行速度最优。以MobileNet V2+SoftMax模型原理为内核,可以更快速准确地识别高铁调度员在长时间作业条件下的潜在疲劳风险。

高铁场景下意图驱动的网络智能运营研究

随着4G/5G网络的深入应用,高铁移动网络的用网体验成为人们持续关注的焦点。对高铁场景下意图驱动的网络智能运营进行了研究。充分利用大数据和AI技术等新质生产力技术,采用高铁车体移动指纹分析、切换序列判定等算法精准识别高铁用户,采用时序覆盖特征分析、频繁项挖掘算法等技术准确识别高铁路网覆盖情况,并以此为基础构建出高铁质差用户和小区的“评估-定位-闭环处理-效果验证”端到端闭环处理流程。

高铁建设是否缩小了区域创新差距?——基于多期差分法和社会网络分析

基于我国2005-2019年的城市面板数据,从高铁开通和高铁网络两个视角,实证检验高铁建设对区域创新差距的影响。结果显示,高铁开通对区域创新差距具有显著的缩小效应。区域异质性分析发现,高铁开通对区域创新差距的缩小效应对西部地区的作用更大,且在二线以上城市更为明显;机制分析表明,人力资本和物质资本是高铁建设影响区域创新差距的中介路径,且后者的作用更大;社会网络分析则认为,城市在高铁网络中的联系广度和中心性越高,高铁对区域创新差距的缩小效应越强。基于此,文章从优化高铁网络配置、改善要素流动机制和制定区域创新发展策略三方面提出了相应的政策建议。

Evolution and spatial characteristics of tourism field strength of cities linked by high-speed rail （HSR） network in China

Traffic is an indispensable prerequisite for a tourism system. The ＂four vertical and four horizontal＂ HSR network represents an important milestone of the ＂traffic revolution＂ in China. It will affect the spatial pattern of tourism accessibility in Chinese cities, thus substan- tially increasing their power to attract tourists and their radiation force. This paper examines the evolution and spatial characteristics of the power to attract tourism of cities linked by China＇s HSR network by measuring the influence of accessibility of 338 HSR-linked cities using GIS analysis. The results show the following. （1） The accessibility of Chinese cities is optimized by the HSR network, whose spatial pattern of accessibility exhibits an obvious traf- fic direction and causes a high-speed rail-corridor effect. （2） The spatial pattern of tourism field strength in Chinese cities exhibits the dual characteristics of multi-center annular diver- gence and dendritic diffusion. Dendritic diffusion is particularly more obvious along the HSR line. The change rate of urban tourism field strength forms a high-value corridor along the HSR line and exhibits a spatial pattern of decreasing area from the center to the outer limit along the HSR line. （3） The influence of the higher and highest tourism field strength areas along the HSR line is most significant, and the number of cities that distribute into these two types of tourism field strengths significantly increases： their area expands by more than 100% HSR enhances the tourism field strength value of regional central cities, and the radiation range of tourism attraction extends along the HSR line.

高铁网络对异质性城市创新的机制研究

高铁网络的时空压缩效应对创新要素流动和创新能力空间格局变化产生了重要影响,但不同规模城市的异质性特征对创新要素的筛选效应并没有引起重视。基于新经济地理异质性假设,采用2008—2019年的中国城市面板数据,基于连续型DID估计方法研究高铁网络对城市创新发展的影响。结果表明,高铁网络显著促进了城市创新能力提升,但这种促进作用需要在城市规模达到一定门槛时才能显现,且这种异质性城市创新效应在城市的创新禀赋上也得以体现,创新能力越强的城市越易于将高铁网络传送的创新要素快速转化为创新产出。进一步分析发现,在城市人口规模达到一定门槛值后,城市才能基于高铁网络改善的连通性从周边中小城市获得人才集聚、金融资本集聚和产业集聚的红利效应,实现城市创新发展的目标。未来的城市发展需要进一步优化现有创新激励政策,将促进创新的路径从主要依靠资本投入向人才和产业吸引转移,充分发挥城市对创新要素集聚的重要作用,通过客观准确地进行差异化城市功能定位加强产业协作,扩大创新空间溢出效应,以点带面全面提升城市创新。

公路与市政道路下穿高铁桥梁方案设计研究

公路、市政道路的大发展,与高速铁路相互交叉的节点工程急剧增加。如何在保证高铁安全的前提下,快速确定最优方案是前期设计阶段的一大难题。以多个下穿工程为依托,采用有限元软件进行三维数值模拟,分析影响高铁桥梁变位的多重因素,对多种设计方案进行比选分析。综合设计、监测、维修多重控制要求,建议采用监测报警值为限值进行方案设计;路线应尽量选择正交或大角度穿越高铁;路线贴近路面,优选浅挖U型槽方案;开挖较深时,需灵活选择结构形式;顶进工法较开挖现浇更具优势。

高铁网络驱动下的产业链韧性:流动、活跃与升级——基于数字化水平的调节作用

产业链韧性是现代化产业结构发展的根基,交通是要素流动的主要载体,高铁作为交通运输现代化的重要标志,其网络发展水平将直接影响产业链韧性。基于新经济地理学、交通外部性以及产业组织等理论,利用2012−2021年中国287个地级及以上城市面板数据,检验高铁网络对城市产业链韧性的作用效果及数字化水平对这一作用效果的调节效应。结果表明:高铁网络发展能够有效提升地区产业链韧性,其提升效果为1.68%,同时数字化发展作为调节效应强化了该作用的影响效果;高铁网络发展通过提升创新集聚与创业活跃度增强了产业链韧性;异质性分析还发现,当城市位处西部地区、北方地区或者非国家中心城市时,高铁网络对产业链韧性的提升作用更强。基于此,各地应因地制宜,积极融入中国内生发展时代的高铁网,大力推动地区数字化建设,充分发挥创新集聚和创业活跃度的渠道作用,为企业创造更包容的发展环境,为实现产业链高质量发展提供新的动力机制。

考虑高铁平行通道分工的列车开行方案优化

结合通道内及跨区域旅客运输需求,考虑城市内部旅客出行成本,构造旅客出行服务网络,以通道内列车开行成本和旅客总出行成本最小化为目标函数,构建了基于平行通道分工的列车开行方案优化模型。以济青通道内胶济客运专线和济青高速铁路构成的平行通道为案例,验证模型的有效性。结果表明,平行通道的合理分工可以降低出行系统总成本,同时更好满足旅客出行需求。

新建西安至安康高速铁路5G公网布设方案简析

高速铁路动车组列车上公共通信网络质量差使广大旅客通信受扰、网络体验降低,高铁场景下的5G公网布设有望解决先进交通与落后通信的协调匹配。以新建西安至安康高速铁路为例,分析高铁沿线5G公网布设的难点及特点,并按照隧道区段、桥梁区段和平原区段3种不同的工程和地貌对公网覆盖提出相应的布设方案。

西延高铁交叉并线区段GSM-R网络覆盖方案

西延高铁与既有普速包西铁路、郑西高铁存在交叉并线区段,在2个区段均需进行GSM-R网络覆盖规划。首先根据西延高铁设计标准,确定西延高铁GSM-R无线子系统网络采用单网交织覆盖方式,主要从覆盖方式及电平要求、基站容量计算等方面开展论证分析;从不同铁路列控等级出发,针对延安站交叉并线区段、郑西高铁交叉并线区段,制定相应的网络覆盖方案;对共小区基站开展实际测试,在设计速度350 km/h条件下,接收机天线输入端射频信号最小可用接收电平满足95%时间地点概率下,最小可用接收电平不小于-92 dBm的要求,可为类似复杂区段的GSM-R网络设计方案提供参考。

高铁网络建设对物流产业集聚的影响

我国目前已进入高铁时代,空间距离逐渐被时间距离所代替成为影响物流业的关键因素。中部地区各城市的模型兴建和网络化布局,削弱了生产要素流动的空间壁垒,使得其能够在更广的范围进行资源要素优化配置,本文利用2008-2019年中部地区80个城市的高铁开通数据,构建PSM-DID模型分析我国中部地区高铁网络对物流业集聚的影响,研究表明:(1)高铁开通对物流业集聚的影响具有滞后性,初期对物流业集聚的影响并不显著。(2)随着中部地区高铁网络建设的逐步完善,高铁对物流业集聚呈现出明显的促进作用。

非中心城市嵌入高铁网络的经济增长效应——基于集聚外部性和网络外部性的双重视角

非中心城市既是高铁网络的支线节点,又是形成高水平、开放型循环体系的基础,但非中心城市能否在高铁发展中获得增长红利尚未形成统一结论。本文从集聚外部性与网络外部性的双重视角,基于2010—2022年全国242个非中心城市面板数据,构建连续型DID模型,研究高铁网络对非中心城市经济增长的影响。结果显示,提升非中心城市高铁网络嵌入度能显著提高当地人均地区生产总值,且这一结论经过内生性及稳健性检验后仍然成立;在集聚外部性作用下,中心城市会对邻近非中心城市产生负面影响,但在网络外部性作用下,中心城市的负面影响会因非中心城市高铁网络嵌入度的提高而扭转,甚至突破地理边界的约束提升远距离非中心城市的经济水平;高铁网络的经济增长效应还会因非中心城市经济初始条件、嵌入方式的不同而有所差异,高铁网络显著改善了欠发达非中心城市发展的不利条件,缩小了城市间经济差距;经中转城市间接嵌入高铁网络也能促进非中心城市的经济增长,但影响力弱于直接嵌入,且经中心城市中转并与中转城市越近越有利。研究结论对于优化高铁网络布局,充分发挥高铁网络外部性的正向效应具有一定参考意义。

区域一体化视角下长三角高铁网络结构特征研究

以长三角区域内的40个地级市作为研究单元,从高铁流的视角切入,通过构建40×40的O-D城市间每日高铁运营频次矩阵,利用社会网络的方法,分析长三角区域高铁网络空间结构特征。结果表明,长三角区域高铁网络流量具有区域核心城市和省会城市指向性的特征,整体网络功能较完善,上海和江苏、浙江两省一市形成高铁网络日流量的核心集聚区。上海、杭州、南京在区域高铁网络中承担重要角色,兼具集聚、辐射和桥梁功能,核心节点城市地位突出。无锡、苏州、常州、合肥、镇江,与其他节点通达性较强,也具有一定的中介功能,是区域高铁网络的重要节点。徐州、宁波、嘉兴、温州、芜湖、扬州在区域高铁流网络中具有一定的集聚或辐射作用,是区域高铁网络的次重要节点。总体上,长三角区域高铁网络空间结构呈现出多中心、核心城市地位突出、节点城市等级结构差异明显的特征。