Deformation and failure of a high-steep slope induced by multi-layer coal mining

During underground mining,accurate revelation on the deformation and failure mechanisms of a high-steep slope under multi-layer mining conditions facilitates the prevention and control of geological disasters in mines.Numerical simulation based on discrete element theory can be used to explore the characteristics and mechanism of action of deformation and failure of a slope under complex geological and multi-layer mining conditions.By utilising PFC2 D(particle flow code) software,the deformation and failure characteristics of a high-steep slope in Faer Coal Mine in Guizhou Province,China were investigated.Additionally,the mechanism of influence of different numbers of mining layers on the deformation and failure of the high and steep slope was elucidated.The result showed that after the goaf passed by the slope toe,multi-layer mining aggravated the subsidence and deformation of the slope toe:the slope toppled forward as it sank.The toppling of the slope changed the slope structures:the strata in the front of the slope were transformed from anti-dip to down-dip features.Extruded by collapsedtoppled rock mass,the slope toe and the rock mass located in the lower part of the slope toe generally exhibited a locking effect on the slope.Multi-layer mining degraded the overall stability of the slope,in that the total displacement of the slope was much greater than the total mining thickness of the coal seams.Based on the aforementioned research,ideas for preventing and controlling geological disasters during mining operations under a high-steep slope were proposed.

Mechanical response of bridge piles in high-steep slopes and sensitivity study

The bridge piles located in high-steep slopes not only endure the loads from superstructure, but also the residual sliding force as well as the resistance from the slope. By introducing the Winkler foundation theory, the mechanical model of piles-soils-slopes system was established, and the equilibrium differential equations of pile were derived. Moreover, an analytic solution for identifying the model parameters was provided by means of power series method. A project with field measurement was compared with the proposed method. It is indicated that the lateral loads have great influences on the pile, the steep slope effect is indispensable, and reasonable diameter of the pile could enhance the bending ability. The internal force and displacements of pile are largely based upon the horizontal loads applied on pile, especially in upper part.

Rock engineering property of the high-steep open-pit slope and its stability

According to the rock engineering property and stability of high-steep open-pitslopes, various factors were collected on the basis of rock engineering system (RSE) theory,and the interaction matrix of stability evaluation was established.Then, the stabilityevaluation index (S_p) of the slope was put forward.Ranges of the S_p value and the correspondingstable state were given on the basis of thirty-six samples.It is found that the followingrelationships exist: unstable (easy landslide): S_p<-0.20; mid-stable (may be landslide):-0.20<S_p<0.63; stable (no landslide): S_p>0.63.Finally, the stability evaluation indexwas applied on the high-steep open-pit slope of one mine.Analysis results and monitoringdata indicate that the index meets the necessity of the property of slope engineering, and ithas an important engineering purpose for landslide forecasting of high-steep slopes.

Research on Deformation and Force of Bridge Pile Foundation on High and Steep Slope in Mountainous Area

With the rapid development of my country’s economy, the demand for infrastructure construction is also increasing. However, in most areas of China, the terrains are mountainous and hilly. Some projects have to be built on steep slopes. Choosing viaducts or half-bridges on high-steep slopes is not only conducive to the protection of the surrounding environment, but also conducive to the stability of the slope. Bridges usually choose the form of pile foundation-high pier bridge. This paper uses numerical simulation to study and analyze the bridge pile foundation of the slope section. Relying on actual engineering, use the finite element software ABAQUS6.14 to establish a three-dimensional finite element model to study the bearing mechanism and mechanical characteristics of the pile foundation under vertical load, horizontal load and inclined load, discuss the influence of the nature of the soil around the pile and the stiffness of the pile body on the deformation and internal force of the bridge pile foundation in the slope section. The analysis results show that the horizontal load has a great influence on the horizontal displacement of the pile, but has a small influence on the vertical displacement, and the vertical load is just the opposite. Inclined load has obvious “p-Δ” effect. The increase in soil elastic modulus and pile stiffness will reduce the displacement of the pile foundation, but after reaching a certain range, the displacement of the pile foundation will tend to be stable. Therefore, in actual engineering, if the displacement of the pile foundation fails to meet the requirements, the hardness of the soil and the stiffness of the pile can be appropriately increased, but not blindly.

Application of Three-Dimensional Laser Scanning and Surveying in Geological Investigation of High Rock Slope

The appearance of 3D laser scanning technology is one of the most important technology revolutions in surveying and mapping field. It can be widely used in many interrelated fields, such as engineering constructions and 3D measurements, owing to its prominent characteristics of the high efficiency and high precision. At present its application is still in the initial state, and it is quite rarely used in China, especially in geotechnical engineering and geological engineering fields. Starting with a general introduction of 3D laser scanning technology, this article studies how to apply the technology to high rock slope investigations. By way of a case study, principles and methods of quick slope documentation and occurrence measurement of discontinuities are discussed and analyzed. Analysis results show that the application of 3D laser scanning technology to geotechnical and geological engineering has a great prospect and value.

Research on Effect of Heap Loading on Deformation and Mechanical Properties of Bridge Double Pile Foundation on Steep Slope

In order to analyze the deformation and stress characteristics of the pile foundation on the slope, this paper uses the finite element software Abaqus for numerical simulation. The displacement and stress data of pile under different working conditions (the combination of heap load and vertical load and horizontal load and inclined load) were collected;the distribution of pile displacement, axial force and bending moment were analyzed. Simulation results show that: slope top loading has little effect on vertical displacement; when the heap load exceeds 200 kPa, the horizontal displacement is greatly affected. Pile axial force decreases with pile burial depth;pile lateral resistance plays a more adequate role in the rock and soil layer. The bending moment of double pile foundation is positive at the top and negative at the bottom. Applied oblique load has obvious p-Δ effect.

露天矿高陡复杂边坡软弱岩层组“坐落-滑移式”破坏模式研究

边坡稳定性问题随露天矿开采的进行不断突出,而边坡软弱岩层严重影响边坡稳定性。大量工程实例显示,露天矿含软弱岩层组的高陡复杂边坡失稳模式通常为“坐落-滑移式”破坏。为明晰露天矿高陡复杂边坡软弱岩层组“坐落-滑移式”破坏模式的破坏机理,以某露天矿为例,提出一种针对露天矿含软弱岩层组高陡复杂边坡的综合分析方法。研究结果表明:采用工程地质分析、传统极限平衡方法和数值模拟分析相结合的综合分析方法,针对该类型复杂边坡可发挥不同分析方法的优势,较全面地从地质自然环境条件、定性定量方面、应力应变角度分析边坡破坏机理及模式,总结归纳出含软弱层组露天矿高陡复杂边坡“坐落-滑移式”破坏的“坐落-滑移-剪出”三段式破坏特征,为其他类似复杂边坡稳定性的分析和防治提供思路和手段。

石灰石露天矿高陡边坡稳定性计算分析

以西南某石灰石矿高陡边坡为研究对象,根据矿山边坡现状、边坡岩体结构和结构面发育特征因素对“现状边坡”和“终了边坡”进行地质分区,通过岩石室内物理力学试验获得坡体岩石物理力学参数,采用GSI法计算边坡岩体内摩擦角、粘聚力、变形模量和泊松比等参数,评估边坡地质强度特性,采用Morgenstern-Price极限平衡法分三种荷载工况分别计算“现状边坡”和“终了边坡”各分区稳定性系数。经分析,该石灰石矿各地质分区“现状边坡”和“终了边坡”稳定性好,采场边坡参数设计合理,可为矿山扩产安全设施设计和安全生产提供参考。

基于无人机3D点云的高陡斜坡岩体结构特征

岩体结构控制着岩质斜坡的变形破坏模式,但传统的结构面信息调查方法存在危险性高、难度大的缺陷。为安全、高效地获取斜坡岩体结构信息,利用无人机摄影技术开展高陡岩质斜坡的测量,构建斜坡岩体的3D点云模型,识别结构面的产状、间距、迹长等岩体结构信息。对湖北秭归卡门子湾滑坡区调查验证,斜坡共发育6组优势结构面,平均间距为0.46~1.01 m,平均迹长为0.82~12.57 m;无人机3D点云获取的岩体结构信息精度满足要求,方法高效、可行;获得的岩体结构信息为斜坡岩体结构模型建立和稳定性评价等工作提供了可靠的数据基础。

基于三维激光扫描的高陡边坡勘查与支护设计

以广东清远银湖城复杂高陡边坡为依托,采用三维激光扫描技术,查明边坡的空间展布形态、优势结构面的空间分布特征,为边坡设计提供依据。基于三维激光扫描调查和边坡稳定性评价结果,对挖方土岩组合高边坡,上部土体采用“放坡+锚杆格构梁”,中下部岩体采用“削坡+马道挡石墙”的治理措施;对填方边坡,采用“强夯加固+扶壁式或重力式挡墙直立式支挡+坡率加筋土+坡面浆砌石格构梁防护相结合”的治理措施。生态修复效果良好,经济效益显著。

小净距隧道洞口抗震设防研究

为明确净距与岩体等级对隧道洞口段抗震设防长度的影响规律,以云南玉溪宝山高陡边坡段小净距隧道为工程依托,利用FLAC3D有限差分软件建立小净距隧道数值模型,根据室内力学试验确定模型参数,以校正后的汶川地震波作为震动荷载输入,针对震动荷载作用下隧道洞口段围岩稳定性进行分析,探明隧道围岩与支护结构在不同工况下的动力响应特征,进一步确定合理的隧道抗震设防长度。研究结果表明:同一净距条件下,围岩等级越高,衬砌结构位移及轴力、应力的响应值越小,反之亦然;宝山隧道最不利工况条件为Ⅴ级围岩、0.5B净距,在震动荷载作用条件下,隧道峰值位移最大值为62.5 cm,衬砌轴力最大值产生于左、右拱脚处,洞口段峰值达1320 kN,位移曲线下降率升高临界点最大值为78 m(6.0B),最终确定宝山隧道洞口合理设防长度为78 m。

基于无人机摄影测量技术的高陡边坡危岩体特征构建与分析

在高陡边坡的危岩体调查中,受限于调查人员可到达的范围,难以获取危岩体的特征参数,从而影响危岩体的稳定性判别。无人机摄影测量技术能够安全、快速、全面、精准的获取危岩体的特征信息。本文以鸡冠岭崩塌隐患为例,利用无人机摄影测量技术获取坡面高精度影像,通过提取点云数据构建三维模型,基于最小二乘法完成平面拟合获取危岩体的体积及结构面产状信息,并结合实际测量数据,采用赤平极射投影法和极限平衡法定性和定量评价危岩体的稳定性。经过分析计算,鸡冠岭崩塌四处主要危岩体的体积分别为102.86 m^(3)、355.27 m^(3)、236.60 m^(3)和454.91 m^(3),根据定性分析和定量计算,危岩体均为欠稳定状态。通过本文的实践,体现了无人机摄影测量技术在识别高位隐蔽危岩体方面的优势,对于发展基于无人机摄影测量技术定量判定危岩体的稳定性方面具有借鉴意义。

矿山高陡岩石边坡生态修复技术研究进展

高陡岩石边坡生态修复是矿山生态修复领域中的重难点之一。通过中国期刊全文数据库和Web of Science核心合集数据库,对2003-2022年发表的关于高陡岩石边坡的文献进行检索与综述分析。本研究分析了高陡岩石边坡的年度发文量和研究热点,从边坡稳定性、植生环境构造、植被配置等方面对高陡岩石边坡生态修复现状进行探讨,以期为今后该领域的研究提供参考方向。

高海拔铁路隧道斜井机械化配套与快速施工

为解决高海拔高寒地区斜井施工存在气压低、含氧量低、温差大、严寒干燥等问题,以某高海拔铁路隧道斜井工程为背景,结合围岩等级、断面大小、海拔高度,根据斜井施工机械化配套原则,提出高海拔陡坡长斜井机械化安全快速进洞施工工法,并选配超前支护、钻爆、装运、喷锚支护、衬砌等机械化作业线的成套设备。基于高度机械化的设备配套,提出“快挖、快运、快支”的高效施工技术以及各工序快速衔接工艺。以控制围岩变形为核心,构建一套积极干预加固围岩、注重早期支护并快速闭合的主动支护体系。结果表明:与普通钻爆法施工相比,采用三臂凿岩台车高度机械化配套施工效率高,月最快进尺为180 m,较人工钻爆法施工月进尺为130 m相比提高了近30%,施工质量稳定,作业人员投入少,且拱顶沉降和周边收敛均小于规范要求值,衬砌强度可靠,可实现高海拔小断面隧道“快挖、快支、主动支、快封闭”。

银江水电站右岸高陡边坡控制爆破技术

为减小边坡开挖过程爆破振动对永久边坡及临近建(构)筑物结构稳定性的影响,同时提高爆破施工效率,针对银江水电站右岸高陡边坡复杂的施工环境,基于精细控制爆破技术,利用数码电子雷管精确延时的特性,对边坡主爆孔及预裂爆孔孔径、炸药类型、装药结构、延时时间等进行精确设计,并采用爆破振动测试仪对边坡振动速度进行监测验证。结果显示:主爆区采用直径Φ110 mm炮孔,Φ70 mm二号岩石乳化炸药连续耦合装药,孔间炮孔延时时间17 ms,排间炮孔延时60 ms,逐孔起爆,预裂爆区采用直径Φ90 mm炮孔,Φ32 mm二号岩石乳化炸药间隔装药,严格控制施工质量,爆破效果较好,临近爆区永久边坡最大振动速度为7.3 cm/s,永久边坡预裂爆破半孔率超过90%,实现了连续、安全、高效的爆破施工作业。

高陡边坡在线监测系统在南泥湖露天钼矿中的应用

针对传统人工测量边坡位移数据存在的滞后性和危险性等问题,根据雷达和GNSS监测技术原理,设计了互联网在线监测数据集成总体框架,并对南泥湖矿山采场和排土场高陡边坡位移和爆破振动等指标进行全时段和全方位监测。研究结果表明:基于该监测系统获得的资料信息,分析滑坡变形特征和滑坡诱发因素,据此选择合适的监测指标建立阈值模型,并根据模型计算预警阈值,能够划分相应的预警等级;该在线监测系统实现了高精度、大面积、非接触、全天时、全天候和早发现的现代化边坡监测目标,比传统人工监测更安全、高效和精准,在灾害预警方面具有显著作用。

基于无人机贴近摄影测量的露天采石场高陡岩质边坡岩体结构面信息自动识别

岩体结构面的识别与解译在露天采石场岩质边坡稳定性分析中具有重要意义,对于高陡岩质边坡而言,传统的勘察手段效率低且危险性高,无人机倾斜摄影测量生成的高陡岩质边坡三维实景建模精度低且自动解译困难。提出了一种基于无人机贴近摄影测量的高陡岩质边坡岩体结构面信息的精细化调查方案,并在武汉市东湖高新技术开发区长岭山露天采石场崩塌地质灾害调查中完成了实例应用,该方法使用大疆M300 RTK无人机搭载DJI P1相机完成倾斜摄影测量与贴近摄影测量工作,建立高精度的露天采石场高陡岩质边坡的实景三维模型和高密度三维点云,通过区域生长算法自动解译其岩体结构信息。结果表明:采用本文方法进行岩体结构面调查所提取到的信息准确度高、可视化效果好,且计算效率高,可为类似边坡实际地质灾害调查与防治提供依据。

超大岩质高陡边坡生态修复工法研究与应用

在维持边坡绿化稳定性的基础上,重点探讨超大岩质高陡边坡不同工法的研究与应用。以A采石矿为案例,通过对其坡面的详细勘察与研究,根据各个创面的特点,运用工程绿化和文化景观的手法进行有针对性的设计,形成多样化的生态修复模式。该工程的高质量完成,将是矿山边坡生态修复技术上的重大突破。

临桥高陡边坡石方爆破控制技术

成兰铁路镇江关车站1#岩堆体,位于镇江关站1#五线特大桥34#-39#墩范围,岩堆下侧紧邻正在施工的站台梁,坡脚靠近G213国道。为确保石方爆破周围墩身、站台梁梁体和道路行车及施工作业人员的安全,本文通过优化钻爆参数、调整爆破开挖顺序和爆破方向,采用宽孔距、小抵抗的爆破新技术,限制一次爆破装药量,利用毫秒延期爆破技术,控制最大一段齐爆药量,减少爆破振动,以改善爆破效果,从而减少对既有结构物扰动,避免爆破飞石对周围村庄住宅及行车的安全造成隐患。