Towards designing high mechanical performance low-alloyed wrought magnesium alloys via grain boundary segregation strategy:A review

Low-alloyed magnesium(Mg)alloys have emerged as one of the most promising candidates for lightweight materials.However,their further application potential has been hampered by limitations such as low strength,poor plasticity at room temperature,and unsatisfactory formability.To address these challenges,grain refinement and grain structure control have been identified as crucial factors to achieving high performance in low-alloyed Mg alloys.An effective way for regulating grain structure is through grain boundary(GB)segregation.This review presents a comprehensive summary of the distribution criteria of segregated atoms and the effects of solute segregation on grain size and growth in Mg alloys.The analysis encompasses both single element segregation and multi-element co-segregation behavior,considering coherent interfaces and incoherent interfaces.Furthermore,we introduce the high mechanical performance low-alloyed wrought Mg alloys that utilize GB segregation and analyze the potential impact mechanisms through which GB segregation influences materials properties.Drawing upon these studies,we propose strategies for the design of high mechanical performance Mg alloys with desirable properties,including high strength,excellent ductility,and good formability,achieved through the implementation of GB segregation.The findings of this review contribute to advancing the understanding of grain boundary engineering in Mg alloys and provide valuable insights for future alloy design and optimization.

Designing new low alloyed Mg-RE alloys with high strength and ductility via high-speed extrusion

Two new low-alloyed Mg-2RE-0.8Mn-0.6Ca-0.5Zn(wt%,RE=Sm or Y)alloys are developed,which can be produced on an in-dustrial scale via relatively high-speed extrusion.These two alloys are not only comparable to commercial AZ31 alloy in extrudability,but also have superior mechanical properties,especially in terms of yield strength(YS).The excellent extrudability is related to less coarse second-phase particles and high initial melting point of the two as-cast alloys.The high strength-ductility mainly comes from the formation of fine grains,nano-spaced submicron/nano precipitates,and weak texture.Moreover,it is worth noting that the YS of the two alloys can maintain above 160 MPa at elevated temperature of 250°C,significantly higher than that of AZ31 alloy(YS:45 MPa).The Zn/Ca solute segregation at grain boundaries,the improved heat resistance of matrix due to addition of RE,and the high melting points of strengthening particles(Mn,MgZn_(2),and Mg-Zn-RE/Mg-Zn-RE-Ca)are mainly responsible for the excellent high-temperature strength.

High-speed butt welding of magnesium alloy using pulsed laser-arc hybrid heat source

Laser-arc hybrid welding at a speed of 6 000 mm/min is carried out on 2 mm thick magnesium alloy AZ61 plateand completely-penetrated butt joints are obtained, lnvestigations of the influence of parameters on weld formation show that Ihe addition of pulsed laser can effctively enhance tlle heat penetrability attd directivity nf the hybrid heat source. Measurements on microstructures and mechanical properties the joint indicate that grain in the.fhsion zone is refined and the grain size is sensitive to the arc current ; the fitsioa zone exhibits the highest hardaess; the tensile strength of the joint reaches 93% of base metal; there is the brittle fracture along the grain bozmdaries in the fusion zone. High-speed camera images exhibit that although the two adjacent laser pulses can not overlap, the recorery relaxation of the concentrated electric arc after laser intlse action can still maintain the continuous welding process.

Effects of Calcium and Yttrium on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of High Strain-Rate Rolled AZ91D Magnesium Alloy

Effects of calcium( Ca) and yttrium( Y) on microstructure and mechanical properties of high strain-rate rolled AZ91 D magnesium alloy were studied. High strain-rate rolling can improve the strength and plasticity of magnesium alloy sheets.Additions of Ca and Y into AZ91 D can refine grains and modify the size and the distribution of the precipitated phases. After solution treatment( 418 ℃ and 20 h) and high strain-rate rolling( heating at420 ℃ for 10 min firstly and then rolling from 10 mm to 2 mm in thickness via a single pass),the tensile strength of the AZ91 D-0. 2%Ca alloy was 1. 3% higher than that of the AZ91 D-0. 4 D%Y alloy,and the tensile strength of the AZ91 D-0. 2%Ca-0. 4%Y alloy was about 8. 3% and 6. 9% higher than those of the AZ91 D-0. 4%Y and the AZ91 D-0. 2%Ca alloys respectively.

Toward the development of Mg alloys with simultaneously improved strength and ductility by refining grain size via the deformation process

Magnesium(Mg) alloys, as the lightest metal engineering materials, have broad application prospects.However, the strength and ductility of traditional Mg alloys are still relativity low and difficult to improve simultaneously.Refining grain size via the deformation process based on the grain boundary strengthening and the transition of deformation mechanisms is one of the feasible strategies to prepare Mg alloys with high strength and high ductility.In this review, the effects of grain size on the strength and ductility of Mg alloys are summarized, and fine-grained Mg alloys with high strength and high ductility developed by various severe plastic deformation technologies and improved traditional deformation technologies are introduced.Although some achievements have been made, the effects of grain size on various Mg alloys are rarely discussed systematically and some key mechanisms are unclear or lack direct microscopic evidence.This review can be used as a reference for further development of high-performance fine-grained Mg alloys.

Effect of alloying elements on magnesium alloy damping capacities at room temperature

Alloying is a good approach to increasing its strength but leads to a reduction of damping to pure magnesium.Classifying the alloying characteristics of various alloying elements in magnesium alloys and their combined effects on the damping and mechanical properties of magnesium alloys is important.In this paper,the properties of the Mg-0.6wt%X binary alloys were analyzed through strength measurements and dynamic mechanical analysis.The effects of foreign atoms on solid-solution strengthening and dislocation damping were studied comprehensively.The effect of solid solubility on damping capacity can be considered from two perspectives:the effect of single solid-solution atoms on the damping capacities of the alloy,and the effect of solubility on the damping capacities of the alloy.The results provide significant information that is useful in developing high-strength,high-damping magnesium alloys.This study will provide scientific guidance regarding the development of new types of damping magnesium alloys.

工艺参数对镁/钢搅拌摩擦搭接焊组织与性能的影响

对2.5 mm厚的AZ31B镁合金和2 mm厚的DP600高强钢平板进行搅拌摩擦搭接焊连接实验。通过金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、射线衍射仪(XRD)、拉伸实验和硬度测试,研究工艺参数对镁/钢搭接接头显微组织、连接机理和力学性能影响。结果表明:镁/钢接头连接机制为机械结合,且随着焊接进给速度增大,接头拉伸性能降低;随着旋转速度增大,接头拉伸性能先增强再降低。在进给速度80 mm/min,旋转速度900 r/min时达到最大剪切破坏载荷为295.8 N/mm。界面处晶粒细化显著,硬度明显高于母材。

大型高强耐热镁合金构件的热处理工艺研究

经过拉伸试验和微观组织观察,对合金成分为Mg-13Gd-4Y-2Zn-0.5Zr的大型高强耐热镁合金构件进行了性能与组织分析。结果显示,热处理工艺对改善其性能和微观组织有着显著的影响,在多种热处理工艺中确定了最佳的工艺参数组合:430℃×8h+225℃×16h。在此工艺条件下,合金内部发生了动态再结晶,晶粒明显细化,极大提高了其抗拉强度。随着时效增加,灰色LPSO相的数量逐渐增加,进一步增强了合金的力学性能;合金轴向抗拉强度为332MPa,延伸率为11.5%;环向抗拉强度为375MPa,延伸率为12.3,这些结果充分展示了镁合金在高温环境下的卓越力学性能和良好的耐热性。

Microstructural evolution and enhanced mechanical properties of Mg?Gd?Y?Zn?Zr alloy via centrifugal casting, ring-rolling and aging

A ring-shaped Mg?8.5 Gd?4 Y?1 Zn?0.4 Zr(wt%) alloy was manufactured via centrifugal casting and ring-rolling process. The effects of accumulative ring-rolling reduction amount on the microstructure, texture, and tensile properties of the alloy were investigated. The results indicate that the microstructure of centrifugal cast alloy consists of equiaxed grains and network-like eutectic structure present at grain boundaries. The ring-rolled alloy exhibits a characteristic bimodal microstructure composed of fine dynamic recrystallized(DRXed) grains with weak basal texture and coarse un-DRXed grains with strong basal texture, along with the presence of LPSO phase. With increasing amount of accumulative ring-rolling reduction, the coarse un-DRXed grains are refined via the formation of increasing amount of fine DRXed grains. Meanwhile, the dynamic precipitation of Mg5 RE phase occurs, generating a dispersion strengthening effect. A superior combination of strength and ductility is achieved in the ring-rolled alloy after an accumulative rolling reduction of 80%. The tensile strength of this ring-rolled alloy after peak aging is further enhanced, reaching 511 MPa, while keeping a reasonable ductility. The salient strengthening mechanisms identified include the grain boundary strengthening of fine DRXed grains, dispersion strengthening of dynamic precipitated Mg;RE phase, short fiber strengthening of LPSO lamellae/rods, and precipitation strengthening of nano-sized prismatic β precipitates and basal γ precipitates.

挤压态AT95-xSb镁合金高温力学性能及组织分析

目的为使AT95-xSb镁合金获得良好的高温力学性能,对挤压态AT95-xSb(x=0.0,0.3,1.0,x表示质量分数,%)镁合金的高温力学性能及组织进行研究,以解决镁合金塑性变形能力较差的问题,为提高镁合金的高温变形性能提供一些新思路。方法所用合金材料是采用真空感应熔炼炉熔炼,国产XJ-500卧式挤压机挤压制备的AT95-xSb镁合金棒材,通过XRF-1800 CCDE型X射线荧光光谱仪、Rigaku D/max 2500PC X射线衍射仪、SEM、TEM及CMT-5105电子万能试验机等对挤压态镁合金棒材的成分、物相、显微组织及高温拉伸性能进行分析。结果Sb元素的添加使得AT95合金的第二相种类增加,数量增多;随着元素Sb含量的增加及拉伸变形温度的升高,AT95-xSb镁合金的高温拉伸强度降低,伸长率和屈强比增大;断口扫描证实拉伸断口主要为韧性断裂,且150℃时拉伸断口的第二相颗粒明显比200℃时数量更多,尺寸更大。结论随着元素Sb含量的增加,挤压态AT95-xSb镁合金高温拉伸强度降低,伸长率和屈强比增大,很大程度上能够提高镁合金的塑性变形能力。

适用于400km/h高速铁路的新型铜镁合金接触线的研究

高速列车通过受电弓在接触线上的高速滑行中从接触网获得供电,400km/h高速列车对接触线提出了更高的张力要求。现有的接触线材料中,铜铬锆接触线(CTCZ)生产工艺复杂,批量生产还不是很成熟,而且在高速铁路的接触网中鲜有应用,而在高速铁路有大量应用的铜镁合金接触线(CTMH)强度达不到400 km/h高速的要求。通过上引连铸工艺优化、连续挤压前增加感应预热装置和工艺以及对连续挤压模腔优化等接触线生产工艺优化的方法,在现有CTMH的成分范围内,试制了2个锚段的新型铜镁合金接触线CTMH(+),通过国家铁路产品质量检验检测中心(CRCC)的检测,性能满足TB/T 2809—2017《电气化铁路用铜及铜合金接触线》对CTMH接触线要求。也达到了抗拉强度高于570MPa、导电率高于70%IACS的预定目标,为在400km/h高铁接触网中的应用打下基础。

高性能镁合金的研究进展

追求更高强度的材料一直是结构材料研究人员的目标,尤其是轻质结构材料-镁合金,被誉为“21世纪最轻的结构合金”。低密度、高性能镁合金在各种技术应用中非常具有吸引力,特别是在镁合金中加入主要合金化元素后,其强度、塑性得到了极大提升,从而促进了不同合金体系的镁合金发展。本研究综述了铸造镁合金和变形镁合金的研究和发展现状。重点从合金体系、合金组成、制备工艺和力学性能等方面进行综述,旨在对未来设计强度更高、综合性能优异的镁合金提供参考。

复杂薄壁高强耐热镁合金铸件铸造工艺研究

随着航天器制造技术轻量化的发展,镁合金的应用范围不断扩大,高强耐热镁合金作为高性能镁合金的代表,可以满足航天器轻量化的需求。本文通过对某型号复杂薄壁高强耐热镁合金铸件进行铸造工艺设计,对生产过程中铸件产生的缺陷进行分析并优化铸造工艺,优化后的铸件经荧光及X光检测合格。研究表明,铸件内外部冷速差是导致铸件产生裂纹的主要原因。铸件合格后对铸件本体进行T6热处理,结果表明本体的高低温力学性能优异,可以满足减重、高强耐热的需求。

铸造镁合金的发展及其展望

系统地总结了各类铸造镁合金的成分、铸造方式与其高、低温力学性能之间的关系。论述了高强度镁合金、高温镁合金及阻燃镁合金的研究重点及发展方向。

高强镁合金的研究进展

综述了国内外高强镁合金的最新研发现状,分析了高强镁合金的强化机理,简单介绍了高强镁合金的新型制备技术及其在工业中的应用,探讨了高强镁合金强化中存在的问题,最后,展望了高性能镁合金的发展趋势。

Mg-Gd-Y-Zr高强耐热镁合金的研究进展

Mg-Gd-Y-Zr合金由于具有优异的室温、高温力学性能及抗蠕变性能而成为镁合金研究的热点。本文作者总结国内外Mg-Gd-Y-Zr合金的研究进展,分析熔体纯净化技术开发现状、热变形行为、强化机制以及断裂机制,讨论Mg-Gd-Y-Zr合金蠕变机理、腐蚀机理及表面处理技术的研究情况,并对Mg-Gd-Y-Zr合金固态回收技术进行介绍,最后,对该合金未来的发展方向进行展望。

先进航空材料焊接过程热裂纹研究进展

高焊接热裂纹敏感性是制约新一代合金材料在航空航天领域推广应用的技术瓶颈。本文分别从焊接热裂纹的产生机理和各类合金裂纹敏感性实验的角度梳理该方向的研究进展。焊接热裂纹主要包括凝固裂纹(在焊缝内部产生)和液化裂纹(在焊缝与部分熔化区交界处产生)。影响焊接热裂纹产生的因素包括材料成分、焊接热循环以及接头热应力。在梳理焊接热裂纹机理研究的基础上,分别总结了铝合金、镁合金、先进高强钢以及镍基合金焊接热裂纹的实验研究进展。建立考虑复杂多组元以及结晶形态对裂纹敏感性影响的量化判据,是该领域未来的重要发展方向。针对母材和焊材进行成分优化、添加形核剂或实施辅助工艺措施,是工程应用领域抑制热裂纹缺陷的有效方法。开展焊接热裂纹产生机理及其抑制方法研究,有助于突破新一代合金材料加工技术瓶颈,推进其在航空航天领域的应用。

高强Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr合金的微观组织和力学性能

通过金属模铸、热挤压和时效处理(T5)工艺过程制备出高强Mg-7Gd-4Y-1.6Zn-0.5Zr合金,并利用光学显微镜、XRD、SEM及TEM分析研究Mg合金不同状态下的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明:Mg-7Gd-4Y-1.6Zn-0.5Zr合金的铸态组织主要由α-Mg基体和沿晶界分布的片层状第二相Mg12Zn(Gd,Y)组成,经过热挤压变形后,合金晶粒显著细化,时效处理过程中Mg12Zn(Gd,Y)相上析出少量细小的颗粒状Mg3Zn3(Gd,Y)2相。时效态合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别达到446 MPa、399 MPa和6.1%,其强化方式主要为细晶强化和第二相强化。

高强变形镁合金研究现状及发展趋势

大规格高强镁合金构件的研究开发对于推进镁合金的大规模应用意义重大,并引起国内外的广泛关注及高度重视。本文综述了常规高强镁合金、含稀土高强镁合金、新型塑性变形工艺及大规格镁合金的研究现状,指出了高强镁合金研究存在的问题及今后的研究方向。

Mg-xCa-5Zn-3Al-0.2Mn镁合金砂型铸造组织和力学性能研究

研究发现,Mg-5Zn-3Al-0.2Mn合金的砂型铸造组织相组成为δ-Mg基体和τ(Mg32(Al,Zn)49)化合物。在343℃固溶17h后淬火,合金组织完全转变为固溶体,力学性能最佳,σb=245MPa,δ=12%。合金中加入xCa后,组织发生变化。当x=0.43%(质量分数)时,相组成为δ-Mg+Mg-Zn-Al-Ca复杂化合物相。当x=0.95%和1.80%时,相组成为Mg-Zn-Al-Ca相+δ-Mg+Al2Ca。随着x增加,铸态合金室温力学性能呈下降趋势。加Ca合金在350℃固溶17h后淬火,室温力学性能有所提高,而σb250o和σ02.520o则随x增加而稳步提高。