Effect of casting process on the inner-wall band segregation of high-strength antisulfur pipes

Controlling inner-wall band segregation is one of the difficulties in the production of high-strength antisulfur pipes.Comparative tests were carried out on different casting processes(superheat,mold electromagnetic stirring,end electromagnetic stirring,casting speed and soft reduction)for the smelting of high-strength antisulfur pipes.The microstructures of continuous-casting billets and hot-rolled or tempered pipes were analyzed using a metallographic microscope and scanning electron microscope.The mechanism and evolution law regarding the inner-wall band segregation of high-strength antisulfur pipes were studied,and the influence of different casting processes was explored.

Strength differential effect and influence of strength criterion on burst pressure of thin-walled pipelines

In the framework of the finite deformation theory, the plastic collapse analysis of thin-walled pipes subjected to the internal pressure is conducted on the basis of the unified strength criterion （USC）. An analytical solution of the burst pressure for pipes with capped ends is derived, which includes the strength differential effect and takes the influence of strength criterion on the burst pressure into account. In addition, a USC- based analytical solution of the burst pressure for end-opened pipes under the internal pressure is obtained. By discussion, it is found that for the end-capped pipes, the influence of different yield criteria and the strength differential effect on the burst pressure are significant, while for the end-opened pipes, the burst pressure is independent of the specific form of the strength criterion and strength difference in tension and compression.

Microstructures and Properties of 550 MPa Grade High Strength Thin-walled H-beam Steel

The microstructures and mechanical properties of 550 MPa grade lightweight high strength thin-walled H-beam steel were experimentally studied. The experimental results show that the microstructure of the air-cooled H-beam steel sample is consisted of ferrite, pearlite and a small amount of granular bainites as well as fine and dispersive V（C,N） precipitates. The microstructure of the water-cooled steel sample is consisted of ferrite and bainite as well as a small amount of fine pearlites. The microstructure of the water-cooled sample is finer than that of the air-cooled sample with the average intercept size of the surface grains reaching to 3.5 gna. The finish rolling temperature of the thin-walled high strength H-beam steel is in the range of 750 ~C-850 ~C. The lower the finish rolling temperature and the faster the cooling rate, the finer the ferrite grains, the volume fraction of bainite is increased through water cooling process. Grain refinement strengthening and precipitation strengthening are used as major strengthening means to develop 550 MPa grade lightweight high strength thin- walled H-beam steel. Vanadium partially soluted in the matrix and contributes to the solution strengthening. The 550 MPa grade high-strength thin-walled H-beam steel could be developed by direct air cooling after hot rolling to fully meet the requirements of the target properties.

Effect of microstructure on the low temperature toughness of high strength pipeline steels

Microstructure observations and drop-weight tear test were performed to study the microstructures and mechanical properties of two kinds of industrial X70 and two kinds of industrial X80 grade pipeline steels. The effective grain size and the fraction of high angle grain boundaries in the pipeline steels were investigated by electron backscatter diffraction analysis. It is found that the low temperature toughness of the pipeline steels depends not only on the effective grain size, but also on other microstructural factors such as martensite-austenite （MA） constituents and precipitates. The morphology and size of MA constituents significantly affect the mechanical properties of the pipeline steels. Nubby MA constituents with large size have significant negative effects on the toughness, while smaller granular MA constituents have less harmful effects. Similarly, larger Ti-rich nitrides with sharp corners have a strongly negative effect on the toughness, while fine, spherical Nb-rich carbides have a less deleterious effect. The low temperature toughness of the steels is independent of the fraction of high angle grain boundaries.

Stress Corrosion Cracking of High-strength Drill Pipe in Sour Gas Well

In high sour gas reservoir drilling process, it happens occasionally that high-strength drill pipe suffers brittle fracture failure due to stress corrosion cracking, and poses serious hazard to drilling safety. To solve this problem, this paper studied the stress corrosion cracking mechanism and infl uencing factors of highstrength drill pipe in sour environment with hydrogen permeation experiments and tensile tests. We simulated practical conditions in laboratory and evaluated the stress corrosion cracking performance of the high-strength drill pipe under conditions of high stress level. For the problems occurring in use of high-strength drill pipe on site, the paper proposed a technical measure for slower stress corrosion cracking.

Torsional Behavior Design of UHPC Box Beams Based on Thin-Walled Tube Theory

This study proposed a prediction formula for the torsional strength enabling to reflect the tensile strength of ultra high performance concrete (UHPC) beams based upon the thin-walled tube theory. The remarkable ductile behavior of UHPC can also be attributed to the steel fiber reinforcement. This feature must be considered to provide rational explanation of the torsional behavior of UHPC structures. In this study, the proposed torsional design adopts a modified thin-walled tube theory so as to consider the tensile behavior of UHPC. And torsion test was conducted on thin-walled UHPC box beams to validate the proposed formula through comparison of the predicted torsional strength with the experimental results. The comparison of the predicted values of the cracking torque and torsional moment resistance with those observed in the torsional test of UHPC verified the validity of the design method. The contribution of the steel fibers to the torsional strength and cracking load was larger than that of the stirrups, but the stirrups appeared to contribute additionally to the torsional ductility. Accordingly, it is recommended that design should exploit effectively the contribution of the steel fiber rather than arrange a larger number of stirrups in UHPC structures subjected to torsion.

高强钢管超高性能混凝土短柱轴压承载力性能试验研究

为研究高强钢管内填超高性能混凝土(UHPC)的钢管混凝土短柱轴压性能,该文设计22根高强钢管UHPC短柱进行轴压试验,从破坏模式、荷载-纵向应变关系对试件的轴压性能进行对比分析,旨在通过径厚比、混凝土强度、截面类型等变化来探究高强钢管UHPC短柱的实际承载力性能差异.试验结果表明:高强钢管UHPC短柱的轴压性能受径厚比、混凝土强度影响较大;试件承载力随钢管壁厚增加而增加,但相同钢管直径和不同钢管直径增幅呈现不同规律.该文从延性、核心混凝土强度提高程度两个角度进行分析并提出高强钢管混凝土试件的相关参数设计建议.最后,将高强钢管UHPC短柱的轴压试验承载力结果与国内外规范GB 50936—2014、AIJ计算承载力结果进行对比,并基于极限平衡理论推导出高强圆钢管UHPC试件的轴压承载力计算公式,同时结合该文试验数据对其进行验证,证明了公式的准确性.

浇注工艺对高强度抗硫管内壁带状组织的影响研究

内壁带状组织的控制是高强度抗硫管的生产难点之一。在高强度抗硫管电炉冶炼过程中,开展不同浇注工艺(钢水过热度、结晶器电磁搅拌、末端电磁搅拌和连铸拉速等)的对比试验,通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜等分别对连铸坯、热轧态管和调质态管进行微观组织分析,研究了高强度抗硫管内壁带状组织的形成机理及演变规律,探索了不同浇注工艺对高强度抗硫管内壁带状组织的影响。

轴力对预应力高强混凝土管桩抗震性能的影响

目的研究轴力和往复荷载作用下预应力高强混凝土管桩的抗震性能,为预应力高强混凝土管桩的设计和实际工程应用提供参考依据。方法应用ABAQUS有限元软件对预应力高强混凝土管桩进行有限元模拟,并与已有试验结果对比,两者吻合良好,验证了模型的准确性。在此基础上,研究轴压比和有无普通钢筋及普通钢筋直径对预应力高强混凝土管桩滞回曲线、骨架曲线、刚度退化、延性及耗能能力的影响。结果配置普通钢筋可以提高预应力高强混凝土管桩的承载能力和延性,对刚度影响不大;随着轴压比的增加,预应力高强混凝土管桩的承载能力逐渐提高,但延性变差,轴压比为0.45时,预应力高强混凝土管桩发生脆性破坏。结论配置普通钢筋可以有效改善预应力高强混凝土管桩的抗震性能,预应力高强混凝土管桩的轴压比不宜超过0.3。

高耐久性大管桩混凝土配制技术与应用

为了提高大管桩混凝土的耐久性,开展高耐久性大管桩混凝土配制技术试验研究与应用。在传统大管桩混凝土配合比的基础上,采用矿渣粉改善混凝土的性能,通过复掺矿渣粉与硬石膏保证大管桩混凝土的脱模强度,对各配合比的混凝土进行维勃稠度、抗压强度、电通量和扩散系数试验,并采用室内试验确定的混凝土配合比进行生产应用。结果表明,单掺矿渣粉明显改善了大管桩混凝土耐久性,但会导致大管桩脱模强度降低;采用石膏粉和矿渣粉复合可明显提升大管桩混凝土脱模强度,并具有良好的耐久性。采用高耐久性大管桩混凝土配合比生产的大管桩管节外观质量良好,混凝土抗压强度等级达到C70,电通量小于800 C,具有较高的耐久性。

下穿地下构筑物群桩富水砂层盾构通道MJS预加固施工技术研究及应用

下穿地下构筑物群桩富水砂层盾构通道MJS预加固施工技术包括技术原理、实施思路和具体施工步骤,其由密布群桩富水砂层水平引孔、富水砂层水平引孔砂土流失控制、常规水平MJS注浆加固3个环节组成。技术采用引孔机钻杆+外套管进行水平引孔,实现立柱桩和高强度管桩的穿越,以及富水砂层中的长距离成孔,引孔过程中通过双液注浆对注浆线路进行一次加固,同时利用洞口安装的法兰盘+止回阀来进行砂土流失控制,减少引孔对地下构筑物和周边环境的影响,引孔完成后,进行常规MJS注浆加固,达到预加固目标,并形成具体的下穿地下构筑物群桩富水砂层盾构通道MJS预加固施工步骤指导施工,大幅减少对地下构筑物和周边环境的影响,减少泥浆浪费,提高施工效率,经济社会效益较好,具有较好的推广应用价值。

石油钻杆的发展趋势分析

随着钻井工况的复杂化、钻井深度加深以及其他特殊钻井的需求,钻杆定制化生产的要求越来越多,如抗硫钻杆、超高强度钢级钻杆、特殊螺纹钻杆等高端石油钻杆。目前,国内石油钻杆生产厂家都以生产API标准的石油钻杆为主,同质化竞争严重,针对深井、深海井、高腐蚀性井等领域发展所需的抗硫钻杆、超高强度钢级钻杆、特殊螺纹钻杆等高端石油钻杆产品目前涉足厂家较少,在特殊用途钻杆市场内还未形成竞争力。石油钻杆未来发展趋势一定是以满足特殊用途的定制化钻杆为前提的高端石油钻杆。本文立足于国内市场现状,放眼石油钻杆发展趋势,为今后我国钻杆的发展方向提出建议。

高强高保坍钢管拱机制砂自密实混凝土配制技术

根据重庆某钢管拱桥结构特征与“泵送顶升压注法”施工工艺特点,提出了高强高保坍钢管拱机制砂自密实混凝土性能需求。针对高强与超高工作性的矛盾问题,通过配合比参数优化、骨料优化、矿物掺合料复掺优化、外加剂复配优化和配合比综合优化等技术,配制出初始坍落度≥260 mm、扩展度≥600 mm、倒坍落度筒流出时间≤8 s、4 h工作性基本无损失、强度等级达C60以上的钢管拱机制砂自密实混凝土,形成了高强高保坍钢管拱机制砂自密实混凝土的配制技术,为工程实际施工提供了良好的技术支撑。

非挤土嵌岩预应力高强度混凝土管桩的桩端承载性能研究

施工装备和工艺的不断创新使得非挤土嵌岩预应力高强度混凝土(prestressed high-strength concrete,简称PHC)管桩逐渐得到推广和应用。为揭示嵌入中微风化岩PHC管桩的桩端承载机制,以随钻跟管工法桩为背景,基于泥质粉砂岩地区5组桩径为500 mm的PHC管桩桩端现场静载破坏性试验,分析了不同条件下嵌岩PHC管桩的桩端承载性能及宏观破坏模式,并提出桩端承载力计算方法。试验表明:对于采用敞口桩靴的PHC管桩,未封底时,敞口桩靴削弱了PHC管桩桩端承载性能,呈现刺入岩基的破坏,极限荷载下桩端沉降为11~15 mm;混凝土封底后,显著提高了桩端承载性能,极限承载力较非封底时提升340%,封底混凝土和桩靴的桩端阻力分担比分别为78%和22%,桩端呈整体剪切破坏。基于Hoek-Brown强度准则,提出了嵌岩PHC管桩桩端承力简化计算方法,计算精度得到了试验验证,可供非挤土嵌岩PHC管桩的设计与施工参考。

宝钢高强度气瓶管的开发与组织性能研究

开发抗拉强度1100 MPa及以上的高强度高韧性无缝气瓶管是实现气瓶轻量化的重要基础。在传统34CrMo4气瓶钢的基础上,通过采用增Mo、加Ni辅助微合金化控制以及控制夹杂物等级和N含量等技术手段,成功开发了抗拉强度≥1100 MPa,延伸率≥14%,-50℃低温横向冲击韧性≥60 J/cm^(2)的高强度高韧性气瓶管,并在国内首次实现批量商业化应用。热处理试验结果表明,随着回火温度的升高,高强度气瓶钢的强度逐渐降低,塑性和低温韧性逐渐改善,这主要与组织中板条粗化和析出相发生粗化、聚集等的变化有关。为获得良好的强韧性匹配,推荐淬火温度为860℃,回火温度为520~560℃。

新型高强钢管格栅拱架接头抗弯性能分析

拱架接头作为整环结构受力及变形的薄弱部位,合理的接头型式是结构设计的关键,其力学特性对准确评价整体承载性能至关重要。为评估高强钢管格栅螺栓端板接头和组合套筒接头的受力性能,开展了接头足尺抗弯试验和数值模拟,探讨了两种接头的破坏形态、变形挠度、承载力及应力应变等特征指标的变化规律,并对接头抗弯刚度和承载力进行了定量评价。结果表明:在加载过程中两种接头呈现出典型的弹性增长阶段、塑性发展阶段、稳定承载阶段或残余强度阶段;螺栓端板接头表现为平滑曲线形破坏模式,组合套筒接头表现为折曲形破坏模式;相较于组合套筒接头,螺栓端板接头的极限弯矩提高了46.4 kN·m,相应的挠度减小了18.5 mm,初始抗弯刚度和使用阶段抗弯刚度分别提高了1011 kN·m 2和877 kN·m 2;两种接头的钢管应变响应规律基本一致,呈现出外环受压、内环受拉的分布特征,外侧受压率先进入屈服阶段;螺栓端板接头变形受力稳定,开口变形量小,螺栓安全系数高;组合套筒接头承载能力较低,可变形程度较高。研究成果可为隧道工程钢管格栅支护结构的接头设计及工程应用提供借鉴。

基于LS-DYNA的ECC管桩的抗冲击性能分析

为研究工程水泥基复合材料(Engineering Cementitious Composite,ECC)管桩的抗冲击性能,采用Ansys/LS-DYNA对管桩受竖向落锤冲击作用进行模拟。基于静态拉压试验和动态压缩试验获得关键参数,建立ECC管桩的HJC(Holmquist-Johnson-Cook)本构模型,通过霍普金森压杆试验(Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar,SHPB)验证有限元模型的正确性。对不同锤体质量和冲击速度组合的管桩模型进行参数化分析,得到管桩在不同冲击能量下的位移、能量时程曲线和有效塑性应变图等动力响应。结果表明:在竖向冲击作用下,ECC管桩的最大残余变形只有高强混凝土(High-Strength Concrete,HC)管桩的66.0%,最小残余变形仅为HC管桩的13.7%;且ECC管桩释放的变形能占比平均为HC管桩的6.26倍。表明ECC管桩较HC管桩有更好的抗损伤能力和弹性恢复能力。

预应力空心方桩与预应力管桩力学性能比较和经济性分析

对预应力高强混凝土空心方桩(PHS)与预应力高强混凝土管桩(PHC)两种桩型的桩身物理性能和力学性能进行比较分析,并结合工程案例,进一步对两种桩型的单桩竖向承载力、桩基础工程量及造价进行了力学性能及经济性比较,最后对两种桩型的堆放方式进行了简单介绍。

南海流花11-1油田二次开发工程方案及关键技术

流花11-1油田区域水深约300~330 m,油田于1996年投产,采用水下设施+半潜式平台+FPSO方式开发,但由于设施老化,面临进入退役状态。考虑该油田还有较大的开发潜力,以经济有效开发为目标,对流花11-1油田二次开发方案开展了详细研究,确定了深水导管架平台+圆筒型FPSO的开发模式;针对南海最深水导管架(“海基二号”)、首次应用的圆筒型FPSO(“海葵一号”)设计建造面临的问题展开了系统研究,形成了深水导管架平台设计、420 MPa级高强钢应用与平台建造安装以及圆筒型FPSO的主尺度确定、舱室设计、系泊方案、外输方案等多项关键技术;为进一步降低投资,对流花4-1油田回接管缆利旧可行性及方案进行了研究。新技术应用推动了流花11-1油田的二次开发,对南海深水油田开发,尤其是边际油田开发具有较强借鉴意义。

侧向冲击下高强圆钢管动力响应及参数分析

文中对高强圆钢管在侧向冲击载荷作用下的整体和局部变形以及冲击力结果进行分析,探讨钢管在不同径厚比、冲击位置和冲击高度条件下的动力响应特性,以此研究其对钢管动力响应的影响规律。结果表明冲击高度和径厚比是影响钢管冲击力峰值和跨中变形的重要因素,冲击高度越大,冲击力峰值及跨中变形都越大,径厚比越大,冲击力峰值越小,跨中变形越大。分析结果为抗冲击结构设计和防护提供参考依据。