Microstructure and mechanical property of resistance spot welded joint of aluminum alloy to high strength steel with especial electrodes

Dissimilar material joining of 6008 aluminum alloy to H220 YD galvanized high strength steel was performed by resistance spot welding with especial electrodes that were a flat tip electrode against the steel surface and a domed tip electrode upon the aluminum alloy surface. An intermetallic compound layer composed of Fe2Al5 and FeAl3 was formed at the steel/ aluminum interface in the welded joint. The thickness of the intermetallic compound layer increased with increasing welding current and welding time, and the maximum thickness being 7. 0 μm was obtained at 25 kA and 300 ms. The weld nugget diameter and tensile shear load of the welded joint had increased tendencies first with increasing welding current （ 18 -22 kA） and welding time （ 50 - 300 ms）, then changed little with further increasing welding current （ 22 - 25 kA） and welding time （300 -400 ms）. The maximum tensile shear load reached 5.4 kN at 22 kA and 300 ms. The welded joint fractured through brittle intermetallic compound layer and aluminum alloy nugget.

Simulation on the deformation controlling of T-joint LBW with auxiliary heat source for high strength aluminum alloy

To avoid the angular deformation of aluminum alloy T-joint weldments, a new method named welding with auxiliary heat source is proposed. The welding simulation is performed with the commercial finite element software Abaqus and FORTRAN programme encoding a special conical heat source with Gaussian volumetric distribution of flux. The influence of the local model on the temperature, residual stress, and welding deformation distributions is investigated. The findings show that angular deformation achieved through numerical computation completely consists with the experimental result which has proved the effectiveness of the finite element methods developed. Various measurements performed on small-scale welded test specimens provide a data base of experimental results that serves as a bench mark for qualification of the simulation result. Finally, the residual stress and strain states in a T-joint are predicted.

METAL INERT GAS WELDING OF 2519-T87 HIGH STRENGTH ALUMINUM ALLOY

20 mm thick plates of 2519-T87 high strength aluminum alloy have been welded.The effects of the compositions of filler wires,the heat input and the compositions of shielding gas on the mechanical properties and microstructure of the welded joint have been investigated.The results indicate that finer microstructure,better mechanical properties and higher value of hardness of HAZ can be obtained by using lower heat input.The use of Ar/He mixed shielding gas has several advantages over pure Ar shielding gas.With the increase of the proportion of He in the mixed shielding gas, the grain size of the weld metal as well as porosity susceptibility decreases.When the volume ratio of He to Ar reaches 7：3,the porosity and the grain size of weld metal reach the minimum,and the porosity can be further reduced by filling some CO2.

High temperature deformation behavior and mechanism of spray deposited Al-Fe-V-Si alloy

Al-8.5Fe-1.3V-1.7Si alloy was prepared by spray deposition and hot extrusion. The high temperature plastic deformation behavior of the spray deposited Al-8.5Fe-1.3V-1.7Si alloy was investigated in the strain rate range of 2.77×10-4-2.77×10-2 s-1 and temperature range of 350-550 ℃ by Gleebe-1500 thermomechanical simulator. The mechanism of the high temperature plastic deformation of the alloys was studied by TEM associated with the analysis of Rosler-Artz physical constitutive relationship based on the model of dislocation detaching from dispersion particles. The results show that Al-Fe-V-Si alloy has low strain hardening coefficient, and even exhibits work softening. Stress exponent n and activation energy Q were calculated based on Zener-Hollomon relation and Rosler-Artz physical model respectively. The Rosler-Artz physical model can give a good prediction for the abnormal behavior of high temperature deformation of spray deposited Al-Fe-V-Si alloy, that is, n larger than 8 and Q higher than 142 kJ/mol. However, because of the highly refined microstructure, the high temperature deformation behavior of spray deposited Al-Fe-V-Si alloy deviates more or less from the law predicted by using Rosler-Artz physical model.

Effects of pre-deformation on microstructure and properties of Al–Cu–Mg–Ag heat-resistant alloy

The effects of the pre-deformation on the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of Al–Cu–Mg–Ag alloys were investigated by means of hardness tests, tensile tests, intergranullar corrosion(IGC) tests and transmission electron microscopy(TEM), respectively. The results show that with the increase of deformation amount, the aging hardening rate increases while the strength of the alloy decreases and then increases. The sample with a pre-deformation of 6% possesses the highest tensile strength due to the refinedly and homogeneously distributed precipitations. The pre-deformation aging accelerates the heterogeneous nucleation of ? and θ′ phases at dislocations, and also refines the precipitations both in the grains and along the grain boundaries. The precipitation of ? phase is restrained while that of θ′ phase is accelerated in pre-deformed Al–Cu–Mg–Ag alloy compared with the sample without pre-deformation. In addition, the width of the precipitate free zone decreases with increasing the pre-deformation amount, leading to a narrower IGC passageway. This results in an enhanced IGC resistance of Al–Cu–Mg–Ag alloy treated by pre-deformation aging.

Interfacial characterization of resistance spot welded joint of steel and aluminum alloy

The dissimilar material resistance spot welding of galvanized high strength steel and aluminum alloy had been conducted. The welded joint exhibited a thin reaction layer composed of Fe2Al5 and Fe4Al13 phases at steel/aluminum interface. The welded joint presented a tensile shear load of 3.3 kN with an aluminum alloy nugget diameter of 5.7 mm. The interfacial failure mode was observed for the tensile shear specimen and fracture occurred at reaction layer and aluminum alloy fusion zone beside the interface. The reaction layer with compounds was the main reason for reduction of the welded joint mechanical property.

Analysis of Metallographic Characteristics of Aluminum Alloy for Turbocharged Impellers

In this paper, the composition, two-dimensional and three-dimensional microstructure of heat-resistant wrought aluminum alloy with strong oxidation resistance, heat resistance and easy processing are analyzed by using direct reading spectrometer, metallographic microscope and scanning electron microscope. The main alloy elements of heat-resistant forging aluminum alloy include Cu, Mg, Si, Ni and Fe. The α solid solution of each element in aluminum consists of S phase (Al2CuMg), Mg2Si phase, bright gray Al2CuNi phase and dark brown Al9FeNi phase. The distribution of each phase in the aluminum alloy is determined by the three-dimensional energy spectrum analysis of the microstructure, and the distribution of each phase in the crystal position is analyzed. The mechanism of heat resistance, easy processing type and wear resistance is obtained, which provides the theoretical basis for the development and use of heat-resistant forged aluminum alloy.

Effect of pre-recovery on microstructure and properties of rolled Al-12.18Zn-3.31Mg-1.43Cu-0.20Zr-0.04Sr aluminum alloy

The independently designed and manufactured ultra-high-strength aluminum alloy Al-12.18 Zn-3.31 Mg-1.43 Cu-0.20 Zr-0.04 Sr was investigated via scanning electron microscopy observations, X-ray diffraction analysis, hardness tests, electrical conductivity tests, tensile tests, intergranular corrosion tests, and exfoliation corrosion tests. The effect of pre-recovery on the microstructure and mechanical properties of this aluminum alloy was also studied. The results show that the pre-recovery heat treatment releases deformation energy, inhibits recrystallization, and decreases the dislocation density. Although the pre-recovery heat treatment has little effect on the hardness, electrical conductivity, and elongation of this aluminum alloy, it can dramatically improve the alloy's tensile strength(the maximum tensile strength increased from 785.0 MPa to 809.2 MPa). Moreover, the tensile properties of this aluminum alloy have a certain degree of isotropy, and the pre-recovery heat treatment does not affect this property. In addition, the rolled aluminum alloy exhibits good corrosion resistance, but the effect of the pre-recovery heat treatment on the alloy's resistance to intergranular and exfoliation corrosion is negligible.

热处理对激光选区熔化高强铝合金组织及性能影响

为了充分发挥高强铝合金材料的性能潜力,从热处理强化角度出发,选择了4种不同的热处理制度,并从物相、组织、性能对热处理后的铝合金SLM成形样件展开研究,最终筛选出最适合的热处理制度。结果表明,300℃/6 h/炉冷的强化时效(EA)热处理后的样件具有最高的抗拉强度575 MPa,较未经热处理的原SLM成形件的抗拉强度提高25%,伸长率有一定程度的下降但仍满足正常需求。强化机制主要为:过饱和Mn元素固溶体带来的固溶强化、细密且具有一定热稳定性微观组织形貌带来的细晶强化以及热处理后生成的纳米级Al3Sc相沉淀粒子带来的第二相强化。

高导电高耐热铜合金及铜基复合材料的研究现状与展望

高导耐热铜基材料作为现代高新技术用关键材料之一,已被广泛应用于轨道交通、电子通信和航空航天等领域。本文从铜合金和铜基复合材料两大领域入手,介绍了常见高导耐热铜材料的设计思路、制备方法、微观组织结构、力学性能和物理性能,并对其导电机制和高温强化机理进行了归纳和阐释,最后对高导耐热铜基材料的研究现状和未来发展进行了总结与展望。

石油钻杆的发展趋势分析

随着钻井工况的复杂化、钻井深度加深以及其他特殊钻井的需求,钻杆定制化生产的要求越来越多,如抗硫钻杆、超高强度钢级钻杆、特殊螺纹钻杆等高端石油钻杆。目前,国内石油钻杆生产厂家都以生产API标准的石油钻杆为主,同质化竞争严重,针对深井、深海井、高腐蚀性井等领域发展所需的抗硫钻杆、超高强度钢级钻杆、特殊螺纹钻杆等高端石油钻杆产品目前涉足厂家较少,在特殊用途钻杆市场内还未形成竞争力。石油钻杆未来发展趋势一定是以满足特殊用途的定制化钻杆为前提的高端石油钻杆。本文立足于国内市场现状,放眼石油钻杆发展趋势,为今后我国钻杆的发展方向提出建议。

大型高强耐热镁合金构件的热处理工艺研究

经过拉伸试验和微观组织观察,对合金成分为Mg-13Gd-4Y-2Zn-0.5Zr的大型高强耐热镁合金构件进行了性能与组织分析。结果显示,热处理工艺对改善其性能和微观组织有着显著的影响,在多种热处理工艺中确定了最佳的工艺参数组合:430℃×8h+225℃×16h。在此工艺条件下,合金内部发生了动态再结晶,晶粒明显细化,极大提高了其抗拉强度。随着时效增加,灰色LPSO相的数量逐渐增加,进一步增强了合金的力学性能;合金轴向抗拉强度为332MPa,延伸率为11.5%;环向抗拉强度为375MPa,延伸率为12.3,这些结果充分展示了镁合金在高温环境下的卓越力学性能和良好的耐热性。

基于热处理模拟的锥形高强铸造铝合金蠕变校形研究

以锥形高强铸造铝合金为对象,研究了高温蠕变行为对产品固溶后校形的影响。通过热处理模拟,得到了材料在高温下的应力-应变曲线,研究表明,锥形高强铸造铝合金在高温下表现出明显的蠕变现象。通过对蠕变数据的分析,建立了材料的蠕变本构模型,预测产品在实际应用中的变形情况。根据产品结构形式,设计了产品的蠕变工装,起到了在时效过程中,对产品进行校形的作用,缩短了生产周期,具有一定的工程应用价值。

Heat Treatment of Centrifugally Cast High-Vanadium Alloy Steel for High-Pressure Grinding Roller

The roller is one of the main parts of a high-pressure grinding roller, which is a type of highly efficient ore crushing equipment. Its working life is strongly affected by the materials used. In this paper, a new kind of roller material, the high-vanadium alloy steel （HVAS）, was investigated. The results showed that the as-cast microstructures of the HVAS roller contained martensite, residual austenite, and alloy carbides. The HVAS sample quenched at 1,080 ℃ had a high hardness, and it had much higher compressive strength and abrasive wear resistance after tempering at 560 ℃ for 30 rain. The mechanical properties of the HVAS are more sufficient than the existing roller materials, which are feasible for larger machine design.

Simultaneous enhancement in mechanical and corrosion properties of Al-Mg-Si alloys using machine learning

Al-Mg-Si alloys with high strength and good corrosion resistance are regarded as desirable materials for all-aluminum vehicles.However,the traditional trial-and-error experimental methods are insufficient to address the trade-offbetween strength and corrosion resistance.In this work,a non-dominated sorting genetic machine-learning algorithm(NSGA-II)was employed to optimize the chemical composition,so as to simultaneously improve the strength and corrosion resistance.Three high-performance Al-Mg-Si alloys with low Mg,Si,and Cu contents were successfully developed,where the yield strength(YS),ultimate tensile strength(UTS),and the elongation(δ)reached 375-380 MPa,410-416 MPa,and 13.7%-15.2%,re-spectively.Compared with higher-Cu-content 6013 alloy,the YS and UTS of the present alloys increase by about 60 MPa,and the intergranular corrosion resistance is also significantly improved.Microstruc-ture characterization demonstrated thatβ’’and QP phases introduced a significant synergistic precipita-tion strengthening effect;the dispersoids formed by trace Mn,Cr,Fe,Zr,and Ti contributed dispersion strengthening effect;and the good pitting corrosion resistance is attributed to lower Mg and Si contents.

7xxx高强铝合金熔化焊研究进展

针对7xxx高强铝合金的焊接研究现状,主要从TIG,MIG,激光焊及激光-电弧复合焊4类熔化焊工艺进行了介绍;从焊接缺陷、焊缝成形、接头软化、疲劳性能及耐蚀性等方面详述了7xxx高强铝合金熔化焊过程中存在的问题。对于7xxx高强铝合金的TIG,MIG,激光焊及激光-电弧复合焊,焊接缺陷、焊缝成形质量差及接头中强化相熔解等因素都会导致接头发生软化、耐蚀性变差及疲劳寿命降低;通过优化焊接工艺参数,减少焊接缺陷,改善焊缝成形质量,有利于改善接头的软化、耐蚀性差及疲劳寿命低等问题。选用合适的焊丝(含Ti,Zr元素及Er,Sc稀土元素)使焊缝产生沉淀强化、细晶强化及固溶强化,可改善接头软化的问题;采用适当的焊后热处理,改善强化相的尺寸、形态及分布状态,也可改善接头软化的问题;而采用适当的焊后热处理,还可以改善接头的耐蚀性。

超音速火焰喷涂制备铝基复合制动盘工艺及力学性能研究

基于超音速火焰喷涂(High Velocity Oxygen Fuel,HVOF)技术,在7075高强铝合金表面制备出碳化钨(WC)颗粒来增强镍基合金的耐磨层,分别利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜对喷涂层及界面过渡区(Interface Transition Zone,ITZ)微观组织进行表征,技术制造分别使用显微硬度仪和万能试验机对喷涂层的显微硬度和抗剪强度进行测试,探求铝基复合制动盘超音速火焰喷涂工艺。结果表明,超音速火焰喷涂制备铝基复合制动盘的工艺参数为铝基合金表面WC颗粒含量为35%,氧油比约为3∶1,送粉量为80 g/min,喷涂距离为330 mm,入射速度为450 m/s,制动盘转速为7 r/min,氮气流量为10 L/min;铝基复合制动盘喷涂层微观组织为奥氏体基体上弥散分布着大量WC颗粒,致密度高达94%;喷涂层显微硬度约为1500HV,剪切强度约为147.3 MPa,满足制动盘力学性能要求。

7xxx高强铝合金搅拌摩擦焊研究进展

针对7xxx高强铝合金的搅拌摩擦焊研究现状,主要从焊接缺陷、搅拌针形状的选择、接头软化、疲劳性能及耐蚀性等方面详述了7xxx高强铝合金焊接过程中存在的问题。对于7xxx高强铝合金的搅拌摩擦焊(FSW),焊接缺陷及焊缝成形质量差都会导致接头软化、疲劳寿命降低及耐蚀性变差等问题;优化FSW焊接工艺参数,减少焊接缺陷,改善焊缝成形质量,有利于降低接头软化程度、提高接头的疲劳寿命及耐蚀性;选择合适形状的搅拌针对7xxx高强铝合金进行FSW,有利于改善接头的力学性能;对FSW接头进行表面机械滚压处理和超声冲击处理,改善接头表面的应力状态,有利于改善接头的疲劳性能;对FSW接头进行适当的焊后热处理,改善接头中强化相的形态、分布状态及晶粒特征,有利于改善接头的耐蚀性。

复杂薄壁高强耐热镁合金铸件铸造工艺研究

随着航天器制造技术轻量化的发展,镁合金的应用范围不断扩大,高强耐热镁合金作为高性能镁合金的代表,可以满足航天器轻量化的需求。本文通过对某型号复杂薄壁高强耐热镁合金铸件进行铸造工艺设计,对生产过程中铸件产生的缺陷进行分析并优化铸造工艺,优化后的铸件经荧光及X光检测合格。研究表明,铸件内外部冷速差是导致铸件产生裂纹的主要原因。铸件合格后对铸件本体进行T6热处理,结果表明本体的高低温力学性能优异,可以满足减重、高强耐热的需求。

Zr含量对耐热铝合金导线组织与性能的影响

采用连铸连轧和拉拔工艺制备了不同Zr含量的耐热铝合金导线,利用光学显微镜、涡流导电仪和拉伸试验机,研究了Zr含量对耐热铝合金导线显微组织、导电率、抗拉强度和耐热性能的影响。结果表明:微量Zr元素与Al通过包晶反应形成Al3Zr粒子并弥散分布在耐热铝合金导线的α-Al基体和晶界上,可细化耐热铝合金导线的晶粒组织,提高耐热铝合金导线的抗拉强度和耐热性能。添加的Zr含量越多,耐热铝合金导线的晶粒越细小,抗拉强度和耐热性能越好,但也会引起耐热铝合金导线的导电率略有下降。