Research of DP600 high strength steel wheels

Steel has been used as a traditional wheel materials for a long time.Before 1980' s,over 90% wheels were made of steels.Then,the yield strength of wheel steels increased gradually from 240 -350 MPa to 600 MPa or higher.The advanced high strength steels become the main wheel materials.Since 1990's,DP600 has been broadly applied in steel wheels oversea.However,there was little research of application of high strength steel wheels(especially wheel disc) in domestic wheel industrial.In presence, DP600 steel wheel is only developed in FAWSH by using imported CKD.Other domestic steel wheel manufacturers did little work on high strength DP600 wheel discs.Baosteel wheels Co.Ltd.is the first domestic company producing DP600 steel discs and has become the leading company in production of high strength wheel.Because of the high strength of DP600,its formability,springback,and wrinkle have become the keys of the successful application of DP600 steel.In this paper,the metallurgical and mechanical properties are firstly introduced and formation problems of DP600 are described compared to traditional steels.Secondly,FLD analysis has been done.Wrinkle and more springback are recognized.To solve these problems,an optimized solution is designed and the good result is obtained.The test has shown that the fatigue property of steel wheel discs made by DP600 have been greatly improved.

Precipitation behavior of Ti in high strength steels

Precipitation behavior of Ti in high strength steels was investigated by means of the equilibrium solid solubility theory. The contributions of Ti content to yield strength were calculated. The calculated results were verified by the hot rolling experiment for C–Mn steel and C–Mn–Ti micro alloyed steel, respectively. The research results show that the precipitates are mainly Ti N at the higher temperature. With the decreasing temperature, the proportion of Ti C in precipitates increases gradually. When the temperature drops to 800 °C, Ti C will become predominant for the precipitation of Ti. When Ti content is less than 0.014%(mass fraction), Ti has little influence on the yield strength. When Ti content is in the range of 0.014%–0.03%(mass fraction), the yield strength of Ti micro alloyed steel is greatly increased, which leads to instability of the mechanical properties of the steel. Therefore, the design of Ti content in high strength steels should avoid this Ti content range. When Ti content is higher than 0.03%, the yield strength increases stably. In this experiment, when added Ti content was controlled in the range of 0.03%–0.05%, the contribution to the yield strength of Ti micro alloyed steel can reach about 92.44 MPa.

3 GPa超高强度马氏体时效钢组织性能

航空航天系统的小型化、轻量化发展趋势对动力轴材料的强塑性提出了更高的要求。为了开发3 GPa级的马氏体时效钢,设计一种高Co、Ni、Mo的马氏体时效钢,其成分为14Ni-15Co-9Mo-0.86Ti-0.35Al-Fe。通过锻比大于10的高温大塑性变形尽可能细化晶粒,并结合预拉伸变形及深冷+时效的热处理工艺调控,实验钢抗拉强度达到3.076 GPa,断后伸长率5.5%,表现出了优异的强塑性。通过对其显微组织进行分析表征,发现其基体组织为高位错密度的板条马氏体结构,平均晶粒尺寸为0.47μm。透射电镜及3DAP结果表明,基体中分布着大量的Ni3(Mo,Ti),析出相平均直径为6~7 nm。析出强化、细晶强化及位错强化是其主要的强化机制,保证了合金超过3 GPa的超高强度,同时极细的亚微米级晶粒保证了材料良好的塑性。

UHPC中钢纤维的增强机理:一种新的断裂相场模型

超高性能混凝土(UHPC)是一种具有巨大潜力的复合材料。为了降低UHPC的成本并获得更好的性能,有必要研究钢纤维在UHPC中的增强机理,实践中也需要一个有效的数值模型来促进UHPC的应用。钢纤维从UHPC中拔出时会产生新的裂纹面,进而需要消耗更多的能量。基于此,推导了新裂纹及其裂纹表面能的公式,提出了一种考虑钢纤维与UHPC基体之间界面断裂能的断裂相场模型。利用该模型,对含钢纤维的三维UHPC试样进行了单轴拉伸数值模拟;开展对比实验验证了所提模型的正确性。结果表明,模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好。通过分析不同试样的新裂纹面与拉伸强度间的关系,发现UHPC的抗拉强度和残余强度随钢纤维体积含量的增加而增加,随钢纤维直径的增加而降低。进一步分析发现,UHPC的抗拉强度与钢纤维的侧表面积成正比。理论分析、数值模拟和实验表明,钢纤维在UHPC中的增强机理为:钢纤维的加入使UHPC基体与钢纤维在断裂过程中产生了一些新的裂纹,这些新裂纹消耗了更多的能量。本文研究工作可为UHPC的性能设计和开发有效的UHPC数值模型提供理论依据。

高锰钢的超声冲击强化和抗磨损机理

高锰钢优异的形变硬化行为使其在强冲击磨损工况下具有广泛的应用,但是在低应力磨损下高锰钢的硬化能力有待提高。为了提高高锰钢在低应力磨损下的力学性能,提出高锰钢表面的超声冲击强化方法。首先,采用超声冲击强化技术对高锰钢表面进行处理,并进行磨损试验,通过三维轮廓仪、XRD、SEM和EDS等对显微组织、表面磨痕进行测试,研究超声冲击前后高锰钢表面的抗磨损性能。然后,通过维氏硬度计和SEM进行磨损前后亚表面维氏硬度测量和显微组织分析,揭示超声冲击高锰钢的形变硬化和抗磨损机理。研究发现,超声冲击高锰钢由于高应变率冲击和动态霍尔佩奇效应的双重作用,获得较大的硬化效果,其硬度远高于磨损前后原始高锰钢。揭示了高锰钢的超声冲击强化和抗磨损机理,可为低应力磨损下高锰钢的超声硬化处理提供技术基础。

Characterization of Tensile Strain Hardening Behaviors for 32Mn-7Cr-1Mo-0.3N Cryogenic Austenitic Steel

The strain hardening behaviors of 32Mn-TCr-1Mo-0.3N austenitic steel were characterized by a simple and effective method. The results show that Hollomon relationship is not applicable during total uniform deformation stage. The flow equation was proposed, Inσ=αexp（lnε/b）＋c. The variation rates of strain hardening exponents with true strain at 77 K are obviously higher than that at other temperatures and the value of d^2σ/dε^2 becomes positive during high strain stage. The characters of this variation are principal reasons for increasing elongation at 77 K. The forming of mechanical twin as well as ε-martensite leads to a high elongation at 77 K.

高强钢绞线网/ECC加固RC柱小偏心受压性能研究

为研究高强钢绞线网/ECC(HSME)加固钢筋混凝土(RC)小偏心受压柱的正截面受力性能,对HSME加固RC柱、ECC加固RC柱和未加固RC柱进行了小偏心受压性能试验.结果表明:采用HSME加固后RC柱的整体性能得到显著提升,当采用相同的相对初始偏心距时,与未加固RC柱相比,HSME加固RC柱的开裂荷载、峰值荷载和延性分别提高了100.0%~113.3%、99.8%~108.0%、75.9%~77.8%;相同荷载下,HSME加固RC柱的ECC应变和纵筋压应变均小于ECC加固RC柱,HSME的加固效果更优;HSME加固层为核心混凝土提供了有效约束,改善了RC柱的损伤分布和破坏模式,显著提高了RC柱的承载力和延性;整个受压过程中,HSME加固层与RC柱混凝土协调变形,共同工作性能良好.

新能源汽车驱动电机用高强无取向硅钢力、磁性能调控研究进展

新能源汽车能够有效缓解传统汽车行业对化石燃料的严重依赖和全球所面临的环境问题,是未来发展的必然趋势.驱动电机作为新能源汽车的动力核心,不仅需要具有优异的磁性能提高能源转换效率,同时需要具有高强度来抵抗高速运转时的离心力.然而,无取向硅钢的强度和磁性能难以兼顾,因此无取向硅钢力、磁性能的协同调控是新能源汽车驱动电机发展过程中的一个关键科学问题.本文综述了国内外有关高强无取向硅钢力学性能和磁性能调控的相关研究现状,分析了不同强化方式对无取向硅钢磁性能的影响,指出了新能源汽车驱动电机用高强无取向硅钢力学性能和磁性能协同调控的未来发展趋势,即多种强化方式共同作用或利用细小弥散的纳米共格析出相实现高强无取向硅钢力、磁性能的最佳匹配,为新能源汽车驱动电机用高强无取向硅钢的发展提供借鉴.

AlCoCrFeNi_(2.1)共晶高熵合金与304不锈钢扩散焊接头强化新策略

为探索共晶高熵合金潜在的工程应用,研究AlCoCrFeNi_(2.1)共晶高熵合金与304不锈钢扩散焊接头的界面组织和力学性能。扩散区由固溶体区和Fe2Al5金属间化合物区组成。不锈钢与高熵合金、高熵合金中两相之间均存在元素扩散速率差异,近高熵合金侧形成由FCC相和γ-Fe相组成的固溶体区,提高接头的剪切强度。另外,接头剪切强度先增加后减少,在980℃,60 min和30 MPa工艺参数下接头最高剪切强度为355 MPa。扩散区形成的互锁结构和局部固溶体结构协同提高接头的剪切强度。

超高强度马氏体基钢强韧化及疲劳性能研究进展

超高强度马氏体基钢是钢铁材料中极为重要的组成之一,是重载零部件的首选材料。随着对超高强度马氏体基钢更高强韧性的需求以及更高疲劳强度的要求,基于传统强韧化机制的复合强化新工艺、新技术被不断提出。本文总结了超高强度中碳马氏体钢、二次硬化马氏体钢以及马氏体时效钢的研究进展以及常规强韧化机制,在此基础上归纳了超高强度马氏体钢的强化新方法、新机制,并对超高强度马氏体的疲劳行为进行了分析,最后对超高强度马氏体基钢的制备及强化进行了展望。

550MPa级低合金高强钢的试制

文章详细阐述了550 MPa级低合金高强钢的关键试制方案,包括化学成分、热轧工艺、冷轧工艺、退火工艺。研究了合金元素、生产工艺对产品组织及性能的影响。试制结果表明,550 MPa级低合金高强钢微观组织主要由铁素体与弥散分布的TiC析出相组成,其主要强化机制为细晶强化与析出强化。试制钢带屈服强度为556~581 MPa,抗拉强度为622~653 MPa,延伸率为14.0%~16.5%,满足相关标准及产品应用要求。

Strengthening Mechanism of a New 700 MPa Hot Rolled High Strength Steel

The microstructural evolution in a 700 MPa hot rolled high strength steel was analyzed in terms of strengthening mechanisms.The results show that the hot rolled sheet steel has yield strength of 710 MPa with good elongation and toughness.The strength of the developed 700 MPa hot rolled high strength steel is derived from the cumulative contribution of fine grain size,dislocation hardening and precipitation hardening.The fine grain strengthening and precipitation hardening are the dominant factors responsible for such high strength,and the amount of precipitation hardening is two or four times higher than that of conventional microalloyed hot rolled sheet steels reported in the past.Good toughness is due to refinement of ferrite grain size.

强化研磨对GCr15轴承钢耐蚀性的影响

通过改变强化研磨喷射角度对GCr15轴承钢进行加工,并开展盐雾腐蚀试验,结合腐蚀动力学曲线、傅里叶红外光谱图、腐蚀微观形貌图、三维形貌图进行腐蚀机理分析。结果表明:盐雾腐蚀试验后强化研磨试样得到的n=0.7238,且腐蚀产物中γ-FeOOH的占比较低,表明强化研磨试样腐蚀产物层对基体材料的保护性能更好;随着强化研磨喷射角度的增加,试样耐蚀性能变好,试样表面逐渐由均匀腐蚀转化为边缘点蚀,试样的腐蚀速率逐渐降低;强化研磨喷射角度为90°时,GCr15轴承钢腐蚀速率为0.0604 mm/a,耐蚀等级为5,腐蚀速率远低于未强化研磨试样,表明强化研磨加工可使工件具有较好的耐蚀性。

Strengthening Mechanisms for Ti-and Nb-Ti-micro-alloyed High-strength Steels

The strengthening mechanisms of hot-rolled steels micro alloyed with Ti （ST-TQS00） and Nh Ti （NT TQ500） were investigated by examining the microstructures of steels using optical microscope （OM）, scanning elec tron microscope （SEM） and transmission electron microscope （TEM）. The results revealed ahnost no differences in the solute solution strengthening and fine grained strengthcning of the two steels, whereas the contributions of pre cipitation strengthening and dislocation strengthening were different for ST-TQ500 and NT-TQ500. The measured precipitation strengthening effect of ST-TQ500 was 88 MPa higher than that of NT-TQ500： this difference was pri marily attributed to the stronger precipitation effect of thc Ti-containing nanoscale particles. The dislocation strengthening effect of ST TQ500 was approximately 80 MPa lower than that of NT-TQ500. This is tbought to be related to differences in deformation behavior during the finishing rolling stage; the inhibition of dynamic recrystallization from Nb in NT-TQ500 （Nb-Ti） may lead to higher density of dislocations in the microstructure.

铬合金化对C82D2Cr钢帘线盘条组织和性能的影响

在保证[Mn]+[Cr]含量0.5%~0.6%前提下,将Mn含量由0.50%降低到0.24%,Cr含量由0.021%提高到0.32%,以保证C82D2Cr钢淬透性,获得更高强韧性。结果表明:与C82D2钢Φ5.5 mm盘条相比,C82D2Cr钢Φ5.5 mm盘条抗拉强度提高50 MPa,断面收缩率提高4%,索氏体片层间距降低9.8%,珠光体团尺寸降低了14.5%;C82D2Cr钢不仅铁素体与渗碳体的界面处位错线明显,而且铁素体内的位错线密度增高、位错胞数量较多,可显著增加形变强化能力。经客户验证,C82D2Cr钢盘条可以满足2×0.30UT规格钢帘线的生产要求。

高强耐候钢焊接热影响区组织演变

利用热模拟试验机研究了Nb-Ti高强耐候钢在不同热输入条件下的热影响区组织演变和韧性变化,并采用热力学软件模拟计算了高强耐候钢的相变规律以及钢中第二相析出特征。结果表明,随着热输入量增加,焊接热影响区组织由板条贝氏体、针状铁素体向粒状贝氏体转变,且晶粒粗化程度增加;随着热输入量增加,焊接热模拟试样的低温冲击韧性逐渐降低,冲击断口中韧窝数量不断减少,在50 kJ/cm热输入条件下,冲击断口中存在大量的大尺寸解理面;高强耐候钢铁素体+奥氏体两相温度区间为684~830℃,钢中第二相主要以(Nb, Ti)(C,N)、NbN、TiN和Ti4C2S2形式存在,当温度高于1 200℃,钢中高熔点第二相为TiN和NbN。

Fe-Mn-Al-C系高Mn-Al轻质钢研究进展

Fe-Mn-Al-C系轻质钢以其低密度和高强韧性在车辆、交通运输、航空航天和发电厂等零部件的结构材料应用领域中受到广泛关注。基于当前Fe-Mn-Al-C系轻质钢的研究成果及其表现出的优异性能,综述了Fe-Mn-Al-C系高Mn-Al轻质钢在成分设计、显微组织特征和力学性能以及应用性能等方面的研究进展,重点阐述了轻质钢强韧化机制、力学性能和应用性能特点,并结合目前国内外学者对Fe-Mn-Al-C系高Mn-Al轻质钢的最新研究成果进行了展望。该系轻质钢的强韧化机制与析出相(MC型碳化物、κ-碳化物、B2和DO 3粒子等)的析出机理及其对轻质钢强韧化机制的影响机理和析出相对该系钢的氧化性、腐蚀性和耐磨性等各项应用性能的作用机制是今后该系轻质钢的重要研究方向。开展析出相可控析出研究有助于突破新一代钢铁材料增强增韧技术瓶颈,加快其实际应用。

超声喷丸强化对连杆用42CrMo4钢疲劳性能的影响

为了提高某型柴油机连杆用42CrMo4钢的使用寿命和服役质量,首先采用超声喷丸强化工艺对其进行了处理,研究了功率、撞针直径和走刀速度对其表面粗糙度、表层硬度等表面完整性的影响规律。之后根据国家相关标准,设计了超声喷丸强化疲劳试验件,开展了超声喷丸强化工艺处理试验件的高周疲劳试验,并对其试验结果与传统喷丸结果进行分析。最后,通过扫描电子显微镜对疲劳断口进行了表征,观察了微观组织的演化规律,揭示了疲劳损伤失效机理。

中锰钢在690 MPa级高强韧海洋平台中的应用探索

介绍了国内外690 MPa级海洋平台用钢的研究现状及发展趋势,对传统690 MPa级海洋平台用钢的成分、工艺、组织和性能进行了分析。传统690 MPa级海洋平台用钢主要存在成本高、制备工序复杂、组织均匀性差、屈强比高等诸多问题。采用低碳中锰的成分设计思路,配合合适的轧制和热处理工艺,成功开发出屈服强度690 MPa级高强韧海洋平台用中锰钢板,并详细阐述了690 MPa级高强韧海洋平台用中锰钢的强韧化机理。

Development of Nb-V-Ti Hot-Rolled High Strength Steel With Fine Ferrite and Precipitation Strengthening

A hot-rolled steel with high yield strength of 700 MPa, good elongation of about 20% and low ductile-brittle transition temperature （DBTT） lower than -70℃ has been developed in laboratory. The results show that adopting finishing rolling temperature of around 800℃ is rational, and coiling temperature is between 400 and 500℃ The strength of developed 700 MPa hot-rolled high strength steel is derived from the cumulative contribution of fine grain size, dislocation hardening and precipitation hardening. The fine grain strengthening and precipitation hardening are the dominant factors responsible for such high strength, and good elongation and toughness are predominantly due to fine grain ferrite.