Highly reinforce the interface stability using 2-Phenyl-1H-imidazole-1-sulfonate electrolyte additive to enhance the high temperature performance of LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)/graphite batteries

This work develops 2-Phenyl-1H-imidazole-1-sulfonate(PHIS)as a multi-functional electrolyte additive for H2O/HF scavenging and film formation to improve the high temperature performance of LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)/graphite batteries.After 450 cycles at room temperature(25℃),the discharge capacity retentions of batteries with blank and PHIS-containing electrolyte are 56.03%and 94.92%respectively.After 230 cycles at high temperatures(45℃),their values are 75.30%and 88.38%respectively.The enhanced electrochemical performance of the batteries with PHIS-containing electrolyte is supported by the spectroscopic characterization and theoretical calculations.It is demonstrated that this PHIS electrolyte additive can facilitate the construction of the electrode interface films,remove the H2O/HF in the electrolyte,and improve the electrochemical performance of the batteries.This work not only develops a sulfonate-based electrolyte but also can stimulate new ideas of functional additives to improve the battery performance.

HTRA丝氨酸肽酶1基因杂合突变相关脑小血管病一例

报道1例诊断为HTRA丝氨酸肽酶1(HTRA1)基因杂合突变相关脑小血管病(CSVD)的52岁女性患者。该例患者既往无高血压病、糖尿病史,无烟酒嗜好;其外祖父、外祖母为近亲结婚,外祖母及母亲死于脑梗死;临床表现为复发性脑梗死、轻度认知障碍,头部MRI示多发腔隙性脑梗死、广泛脑白质变性和微出血病灶;全外显子组基因检测报告示HTRA1 c.947A>G杂合突变。对于CSVD患者应追问其家族史,对疑似遗传性CSVD患者,需考虑存在HTRA1基因杂合突变的可能;并合理借助基因检测方法,筛选CSVD高危家族患者并进一步指导治疗。

Resistance index and browning mechanism of apple peel under high temperature stress

Apples are one of the most important economic crops worldwide.Because of global warming and an aggravation of environmental,abnormally high temperatures occur frequently in fruit-growing season and seriously affect normal fruit growth and reduce fruit quality and yield.We took five-year-old Ruixue’(Qinfu 1×Pink Lady;CNA20151469.1) fruits as test materials,and the ambient temperature during fruit development was monitored.The results showed that during the fruit-growing season,especially during the rapid growth stage (July to August),the maximum daily temperature exceeded 30℃ and lasted for more than 40 days.To determine the effects of high temperature stress on the apple fruit resistance,we treated expanding,veraison,and maturity-period fruits at different temperatures.It was found that the fruits of the expanding period showed strong resistance to high temperature stress,whereas during veraison and maturity,fruit resistance to high temperature stress decreased,and the fruit peel browning phenotype appeared.Meanwhile,the content of malonaldehyde (MDA),hydrogen peroxide (H_(2)O_(2)),and superoxide anion (O._(2)^(-)) in the peel gradually increased with increasing temperature.The content of total phenols,flavanol,and flavonoids in the peel decreased substantially at 45℃.Moreover,it was found that polyphenol oxidase gene (MdPPO1) was most sensitive to high temperature stress in apple.Furthermore,transient and stable MdPPO1 overexpression significantly promoted peel browning.The transgenic materials were more sensitive to high temperatures,and browning was more severe compared to non-genetically modified organism (WT).Stable MdPPO1 knockout calli obtained via clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats (CRISPR/Cas9) gene knockout technology reduced the browning phenotype,and the resultant fruits were not sensitive to the effects of high temperature stress.Thus,MdPPO1 expression may be a key factor of high temperature-related changes observed in the browning phenotype that provides a scientific theoretical basis for the selection of high temperature-resistant varieties and apple cultivation and management in the future.

Experimental study on the effect of H2S and SO2 on high temperature corrosion of 12Cr1MoV

Aiming at the high temperature corrosion in a coal-fired boiler,the effect of H2S and SO2 on the corrosion of 12 CrlMoV under the water wall condition has been investigated by experiments.The results indicate that H2 S can promote the corrosion significantly,and the coarse porous oxide film formed cannot stop the progress of corrosion.While SO2 presents little effect on the corrosion.The main composition of the surface of 12 CrlMoV corrosion products is Fe2 O3.With H2S in the atmosphere,the corrosion gradually develops into deeper layers by forming FeS,FeO and Fe2 O3 alternately.The corrosion rate is doubled for every 50℃ inerease in temperature at 400-500℃.

High-temperature oxidation behavior of heat resistant stainless steel 1.4828

The kinetic curves of the high-temperature oxidation of austenitic heat resistant stainless steel 1. 4828 at 1 050 ℃ were measured using a weighing method. It is shown that the oxidation curves at 1 050 ℃ followed the parabolic line law, and after 250 h of oxidation, the mass gain was about 80 g/m2. The surface morphology and structure of the oxide layers were studied by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. A complicated oxide layer obtained at 1 050 ℃ was mainly composed, from inner to outer, of （FeSi） 3 04, Cr2 03, Fe2 03, and spinel oxides FeCr204 and NiMn204.

High Temperature and the Ethylene Antagonist 1-Methylcyclopropene Alter Ethylene Evolution Patterns,Antioxidant Responses,and Boll Growth in Gossypium hirsutum

The cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) crop experiences high temperatures during flowering and boll development, but information regarding the impact of ethylene inhibition and high temperature on early boll development is limited. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of high temperature and the anti-ethylene compound 1-methylcy-cloprone (1-MCP) on G. hirsutum boll development. Treatments consisted of temperature regime (38/20?C and 30/ 20?C), 1-MCP treatment, and days past anthesis (DPA). High temperature decreased ethylene synthesis by 61% at 2 DPA, and 1-MCP caused a 40% decrease in ethylene production at 1 DPA. Glutathione reductase activity increased under high temperature, whereas superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) and membrane peroxidation (malondialdehyde content) remained unchanged. 1-MCP treatment did not affect GR activity in developing bolls. High temperature and 1-MCP treatment increased the weight of cotton bolls collected 8 DPA with an increase of 0.7 and 1 g, respectively. We propose that increased GR activity in bolls exposed to high temperature may mitigate oxidative damage. Additionally, we conclude that ethylene inhibition (either high temperature or 1-MCP-induced) immediately after flowering (1 or 2 DPA) could potentially have positive impacts on early boll growth.

高温下1-己烯在H-ZSM-5催化剂上的裂化反应机理和反应路径

采用固定床反应器考察了1-己烯在反应温度为500~750℃范围内在H-ZSM-5沸石和石英砂上的裂化反应。在此基础上,建立了催化/热裂化占比模型,定量地讨论了高温下催化裂化和热裂化反应的关系。另外,根据1-己烯在H-ZSM-5沸石上裂化反应的产物分布,对其反应路径进行了推导和估算。结果表明:1-己烯在H-ZSM-5沸石上的高温反应以催化裂化为主。即使在750℃高温下,1-己烯通过催化裂化反应进行转化的占比仍然高达91.32%。产物中甲烷、乙烯和丙烯等主要来源于催化裂化反应,而不是热裂化反应。对1-己烯裂化反应路径的估算发现,双分子齐聚裂化反应占比由500℃时的74%下降到700℃时的0。单分子直接裂化反应有利于生成乙烯和丙烯等小分子烯烃,而双分子齐聚裂化反应有利于生成较大分子烯烃。高温下乙烯和丙烯产率较高的原因可能是高温促进了1-己烯的单分子直接裂化反应。

n型Pb_(1+x)SeTe_(x)固溶体的自蔓延高温合成及热电性能调控

热电材料能实现热能与电能之间的直接转化,因而受到广泛关注。铅基硫属化合物是一类具有较高热电转化效率的材料,其中,PbSe和PbTe是这类材料的代表。与Te相比,Se元素的地壳丰度高、成本低,所以PbSe更具研究价值和应用潜力。但PbSe的晶格热导相对较高,载流子浓度较低,抑制了热电性能的提升。而固溶能有效降低晶格热导率,提升热电性能,且PbTe和PbSe具有相似的能带结构,能简化输运研究,因此将PbTe与PbSe固溶,有望获得较高的热电性能。另外,在目前的研究中,PbSe的合成通常采用机械合金化、熔融退火等方式,耗费大量的时间和能量,生产成本高,不利于实际使用。本文使用自蔓延高温合成与放电等离子体烧结相结合的方式,快速制备了n型Pb_(1+x)SeTe_(x)固溶体。同时,由于载流子浓度的优化及合金散射的作用,电学性能和热学性能得到了提升,晶格热导率在773 K时降低到0.67W/(m·K),相较于纯PbSe降低了35%,无量纲优值ZT值在773 K时达到了1.1,相较于纯PbSe提升了83%。以上研究为自蔓延制备工艺在热电领域的广泛应用提供了参考。

Influence of Firing Temperature on Properties of High Alumina Bricks

To reduce production costs and make full and reasonable use of raw materials,high alumina bricks were prepared using tabular corundum and mullite as aggregates,sillimanite as intermediate particles,and white fused corundum powder,α-alumina micropowder,and Suzhou soil as the matrix,firing at different temperatures(1420,1440,1460,1480,1500 and 1520℃)for 4 h.The apparent porosity(AP),the bulk density(BD),the cold crushing strength(CCS),the thermal shock resistance(TSR),the refractoriness under load(RUL)and the creep rate of the samples were tested.The effects of the firing temperature on the creep rate(1450℃×50 h,under a load of 0.2 MPa)of the samples were studied.The results show that with the sillimanite addition of 22.5 mass%,the sample fired at 1460℃for 4 h performs the best comprehensive properties:the AP of 17.5%,the BD of 2.75 g·cm^(-3),the CCS of 100.5 MPa,the TSR number of 35 cycles,the RUL of 1682℃,and the creep rate of-0.428%,which can prolong the service life of furnaces.

HtrA1、Survivin在早发型重度子痫前期胎盘组织中的表达及意义

目的探讨HtrAl(high temperature requirement A1,HtrAl)及Survivin在早发型重度子痫前期(early-onset severe preeclampsia,ES-PE)胎盘组织中的表达及其意义。方法采用SABC法测定早发型(30例)与晚发型(35例)重度子痫前期患者胎盘组织中HtrA1及Survivin的表达。结果 HtrAl在早发型重度子痫前期胎盘组织中的表达明显高于晚发型,平均灰度值分别为142.63±3.48和158.72±4.26(平均灰度值与表达强度成负相关),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Survivin在早发型重度子痫前期胎盘组织中的表达明显低于晚发型,平均灰度值分别为138.32±3.26和126.47±2.85,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);HtrA1和Survivin在子痫前期胎盘组织中的表达呈负相关(r=-0.67,P<0.05)。结论 HtrA1、Survivin与早发型重度子痫前期的发生密切相关,提示早发型重度子痫前期与晚发型发病机制可能不同。

HtrA1和TGF-β1在妊娠期高血压病患者胎盘中的表达

目的探讨HtrA1(high temperature requirement A1,HtrA1)和TGF-β1(transforming growth factor-beta 1,TGF-β1)在妊娠期高血压病患者(简称妊高病)胎盘组织中的表达及作用。方法利用免疫组化SABC法检测正常妊娠者60例(对照组)和妊高病者70例(实验组)(其中妊娠期高血压组24例,轻度子痫前期组20例,重度子痫前期组26例)胎盘组织中HtrA1和TGF-β1的蛋白表达,并进行相关性分析。结果 HtrA1在实验组中的表达较对照组显著增高(平均灰度分别为155.05±3.13、152.69±4.11,P<0.01);与对照组比较,轻度子痫前期组、重度子痫前期组均显著增高(分别为154.05±4.96、156.03±5.07,P分别<0.05、<0.01)。TGF-β1在实验组中的表达较对照组显著增高(平均灰度分别为156.33±4.79、152.39±4.84,P<0.01);与对照组比较,轻度子痫前期组、重度子痫前期组均显著增高(分别为159.79±3.92、165.82±3.20,P<0.01)。Pearson相关分析HtrA1与TGF-β1的表达水平在实验组中呈正相关。结论 HtrA1和TGF-β1可能通过某些机制相互调控、协同,两者高表达可能与妊高病的发生发展有关。

HtrA1在骨关节炎早期软骨退变中的诊断价值

目的：探讨骨关节炎患者关节滑液中HtrAl的表达是否与软骨退变程度相关。方法：研究对象包括膝骨关节炎（KOA）患者40例，其中软骨退变Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级的病例数分别为15、11、14例，正常人28例，应用ELISA测定丝氨酸蛋白酶1（HtrAl）在关节滑液中的表达程度。结果：KOAII、m、1v组中关节滑液的HtrAl因子表达均明显高于正常人，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01），而不同软骨退变程度患者的关节液HtrAl因子表达也不同。KOAII、Ⅲ、1V组的组间HtrAl因子表达含量比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。正常对照组关节液HtrAl因子表达含量为67．89～208．33pg／m]，以208．33pg／ml作为阴性，KOA患者不同程度软骨退变（KOAII、Ⅲ、IV组）各组检测的敏感度均超过85．7％。结论：HtrAl对早期软骨退变（KOAm级）诊断的敏感度在90％以上，特别是诊断KOA患者KOAII级软骨退变的敏感度最高，可达93％以上。说明HtrAl是诊断早期软骨退变（KOAII级）的良好指标。

胃癌组织中HTRA1的表达水平及临床意义

目的探讨胃癌组织中丝氨酸蛋白酶1(HTRA1)的表达水平及临床意义。方法收集接受根治性手术的87例胃癌患者的胃癌组织标本和癌旁组织标本,采用免疫组织化学染色法检测不同组织中HTRA1的表达情况,比较不同组织中HTRA1的阳性表达率,分析胃癌组织中HTRA1表达与胃癌患者临床特征及预后的关系,并对胃癌根治术后患者预后的影响因素进行分析。结果胃癌组织中HTRA1的阳性表达率为16.1%,明显低于癌旁组织的85.1%(P﹤0.01)。浸润深度为T3~4、肿瘤直径≥5 cm、有淋巴结转移、TNM分期为Ⅲ期胃癌患者胃癌组织中HTRA1的阳性表达率分别低于浸润深度为T1~2、肿瘤直径﹤5 cm、无淋巴结转移、TNM分期为Ⅰ~Ⅱ期的胃癌患者(P﹤0.05)。HTRA1阳性胃癌患者的生存结局优于HTRA1阴性患者(P﹤0.05)。Cox风险比例回归模型显示,浸润深度为T3~4、肿瘤直径≥5 cm、有淋巴结转移、TNM分期为Ⅲ期、HTRA1阴性是胃癌根治术后患者预后的独立危险因素(P﹤0.05)。结论胃癌患者胃癌组织中HTRA1的表达明显下调,且其表达水平与胃癌患者的浸润深度、肿瘤直径、淋巴结转移和TNM分期有关,可能作为胃癌患者预后的预测指标。

准噶尔盆地呼探1井高温高压超深井试油测试技术

呼探1井属于高温高压超深井,针对试油过程中所面临复杂的地质条件、恶劣的井况条件、极端的工况条件等问题,开展了施工风险评估,结果显示,试油施工主要面临入井管柱埋卡风险、井筒安全风险和井控安全风险。通过优选光油管射孔测试一体化管柱进行施工,避免了入井管柱埋卡的风险;通过井筒安全校核、出砂预测和套压控制计算,设置套管最高限压,现场控制生产压差,消除了井筒安全风险;通过地面测试流程优化、实时跟踪分析、制定应急措施方法,有效控制了井控安全风险。呼探1井试油作业安全平稳运行,并试获高产工业油气流,日产气61×104 m^(3)、日产油106 m^(3),录取地层压力高达146.07 MPa。研究成果为高温高压超深井试油测试提供了技术借鉴。

绿色工质HP-1高温热泵系统中膨胀阀开度与流量匹配特性

节流过程作为热泵系统中的重要环节,对系统运行有着重要影响.以新型环保工质HP-1准二级压缩高温热泵为对象,考虑电子膨胀阀的阀体开度和制冷剂性质等参数影响,利用MATLAB建立系统循环和电子膨胀阀的数学模型,对系统在变工况下的电子膨胀阀开度与流量匹配特性进行模拟,并利用实验数据通过幂律拟合的方法得到了HP-1的流量系数关联式.研究结果表明:椭圆锥形阀体结构的电子膨胀阀可用于HP-1高温热泵系统,能够适应系统在变工况下的节流特性,蒸发温度在50~90℃、冷凝温度在60~120℃范围变化时,该种类型阀体用于主节流阀的开度调节范围为49.8%~69.8%,用于补气路节流阀的开度调节范围为41.5%~56.0%,且经过实验验证具有良好适用性;获得的拟合关联式与实际数据的相对偏差在-7.8%~+7.5%之间,能够准确地预测电子膨胀阀的流量特性.根据制冷剂性质选择与之匹配的电子膨胀阀,并对其控制系统进行优化改进,这对于实际机组的运行性能至关重要.本研究为高温热泵用电子膨胀阀的选型与控制系统的优化提供了良好的研究基础.

S-Nitrosoglutathion Reductase Activity Modulates the Thermotolerance of Seeds Germination by Controlling ABI5 Stability under High Temperature

Seed germination or dormancy status is strictly controlled by endogenous phytohormone and exogenous environment signals.Abscisic acid(ABA)is the important phytohormone to suppress seed germination.Ambient high temperature(HT)also suppressed seed germination,or called as secondary seed dormancy,through upregulating ABI5,the essential component of ABA signal pathway.Previous result shows that appropriate nitric oxide(NO)breaks seed dormancy through triggering S-nitrosoglutathion reductase(GSNOR1)-dependent S-nitrosylation modification of ABI5 protein,subsequently inducing the degradation of ABI5.Here we found that HT induced the degradation of GSNOR1 protein and reduced its activity,thus accumulated more reactive nitrogen species(RNS)to damage seeds viability.Furthermore,HT increased the S-nitrosylation modification of GSNOR1 protein,and triggered the degradation of GSNOR1,therefore stabilizing ABI5 to suppress seed germination.Consistently,the ABI5 protein abundance was lower in the transgenic line overexpressing GSNOR1,but higher in the gsnor mutant after HT stress.Genetic analysis showed that GSNOR1 affected seeds germination through ABI5 under HT.Taken together,our data reveals a new mechanism by which HT triggers the degradation of GSNOR1,and thus stabilizing ABI5 to suppress seed germination,such mechanism provides the possibility to enhance seed germination tolerance to HT through genetic modification of GNSOR1.

High temperature characteristics of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors

Direct current （DC） and pulsed measurements are performed to determine the degradation mechanisms of A1GaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors （HEMTs） under high temperature. The degradation of the DC characteristics is mainly attributed to the reduction in the density and the mobility of the two-dimensional electron gas （2DEG）. The pulsed measurements indicate that the trap assisted tunneling is the dominant gate leakage mechanism in the temperature range of interest. The traps in the barrier layer become active as the temperature increases, which is conducive to the electron tunneling between the gate and the channel. The enhancement of the tunneling results in the weakening of the current collapse effects, as the electrons trapped by the barrier traps can escape more easily at the higher temperature.

Plastic Flow Modeling of Ti-5 Al-2 Sn-2 Zr-4 Mo-4 Cr Alloy at Elevated Temperatures and High Strain Rates

The true stress-sWain relationships of Ti-5A1-2Sn-2Zr-4Mo-4Cr（TC17） alloy with a wide range of strain rates were investigated by tmiaxial quasi-static and dynamic compression tests, respectively. Quasi- static compression tests were carried out with Instron 8874 test machine, while dynamic compression tests were performed with the split Hopkinson pressure bar （SHPB） which was installed with heating device and synchro- assembly system. The dynamic mechanical behaviors tests of TC17 were carded out from room temperature to 800 ℃ at intervals of 200 ℃ and at high sWain rates （5 500-1 9200 s-l）. The stress-strain curves considering temperature-sWain rate coupling actions were obtained. The Johnson-Cook constitutive model was developed through data fitting of the stress-sWain curves. The material constants in the developed constitutive model can be determined using isothermal and adiabatic stress-strain curves at different strain rates. The Johnson-Cook constitutive model provided satisfied prediction of the plastic flow stress for TC17 alloy.

Channel temperature determination of a multifinger AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor using a micro-Raman technique

Self-heating in a multifinger A1GaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor （HEMT） is investigated by micro-Raman spectroscopy, The device temperature is probed on the die as a function of applied bias. The operating temperature of the A1GaN/GaN HEMT is estimated from the calibration curve of a passively heated A1GaN/GaN structure. A linear increase of junction temperature is observed when direct current dissipated power is increased. When the power dissipation is 12.75 W at a drain voltage of 15 V, a peak temperature of 69.1 ℃ is observed at the gate edge on the drain side of the central finger. The position of the highest temperature corresponds to the high-field region at the gate edge.

HTRA1多态性与汉族人群湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性遗传易感性的关系

目的:探讨高温必需因子A-1(HTRA1)多态性与汉族人群湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性(AMD)遗传易感性的关系。方法:选取本院2014-05/2017-01收治的汉族湿性AMD患者201例,汉族正常健康者201例,分别设为病例组和健康组。采集研究对象外周静脉血样并提取基因组DNA,利用Sequenom质谱分析平台对HTRA1基因的rs11200638、rs2248799位点进行基因型检测,分析HTRA1多态性与湿性AMD遗传易感性的关系。结果:两组研究对象rs11200638、rs2248799位点的基因型等级分布比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),病例组AA、TT的频率分别为51.2%、57.7%,健康组AA、TT的频率分别为20.9%、28.4%,前者均明显高于后者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);病例组rs11200638位点危险性等位基因A与rs2248799位点危险性等位基因T分布的频率分别为69.7%、73.6%,健康组分别为45.8%、52.5%,前者均明显高于后者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。rs11200638基因型AA、AG的OR值分别为5.36与3.45,是湿性AMD发病的危险因素(P<0.01);rs2248799基因型TT、TC的OR值分别为2.36与1.98,是湿性AMD发病的危险因素(P<0.01)。结论:HTRA1基因rs11200638和rs2248799多态性与湿性AMD发病关系显著,基因型AA、TT与汉族人群湿性AMD患病风险关系密切,其频率增高可增加湿性AMD患病风险。