Erosion-Corrosion Behaviors of High Velocity Arc Sprayed Fe-AlCr_3C_2 Coating

Iron aluminide intermetallic coatings were prepared from Fe-Al/Cr3C2 cored wires using High Velocity Are Spraying （ HVAS ） technology. Erosion and corrosion properties of HVAS sprayed Fe-Al/Cr3C2 coatings were investigated. Results show that the erosion at impingement angle of 30°is more than that of 90°. The erosion resistance of coatings was enhanced uith the inereaase of temperature. Coatings had a better erosion resislance than substrwles. The erosion changed from ductile behariors to brittle behaviors above 450℃ . At high temperature, the erosion resistances were superior to those at low temperwlure and roonl temperwlure. Cowlings had much higher corrosion properties than substrates. The temperature had a little effect on the corrosion resistance of coatings ; The corrosion losing of cowlings increased slowly with the increase of corrosion time. The HVAS-sprayed Fe-Al/Cr3C2 coatings exhibited a high bond strength and hardness.

Configuration optimization of high velocity arc spraying gun

In order to improve the in-flight characteristics of the atomizing droplets during high velocity wire arc spraying (HVAS), some changes have been operated on the original design of the HVAS gun configuration. A comparative study was carried out to investigate the microstructure and properties of the coatings produced by the original design spraying gun and the modified one, using 3Cr13 wires of 3 mm in diameter. The characteristics of their jets were examined during spraying. The results indicate that, the included angle between the two wires and the distance from the nozzle to the meeting point of the two vires may have a strong influence on the characteristics of the in-flight droplets and then the coatings. The jet divergence is found to be lower than that of the original one (about 12° against 25°). By modified gun, the adhesion strength, the microhardness and porosity of the coating deposited by modified gun are increased by 39% and 9% respectively. And the porosity of the coatings is decreased by 57%.

Structure and sliding wear behavior of 321 stainless steel/Al composite coating deposited by high velocity arc spraying technique

A typical 321 stainless steel/aluminum composite coating (321/Al coating) was prepared by high velocity arc spraying technique (HVAS) with 321 stainless steel wire as the anode and aluminum wire as the cathode. The traditional 321 stainless steel coating was also prepared for comparison. Tribological properties of the coatings were evaluated with the ring-block wear tester under different conditions. The structure and worn surface of the coatings were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray diffractometry(XRD) and energy dispersion spectroscopy(EDS). The results show that, except for aluminum phase addition in the 321/Al coating, no other phases are created compared with the 321 coating. However, due to the addition of aluminum, the 321/Al coating forms a type of "ductile/hard phases inter-deposited" structure and performs quite different tribological behavior. Under the dry sliding condition, the anti-wear property of 321/Al coating is about 42% lower than that of 321 coating. But under the oil lubricated conditions with or without 32 h oil-dipping pretreatment, the anti-wear property of 321/Al coating is about 9% and 5% higher than that of 321 coating, respectively. The anti-wear mechanism of the composite coating is mainly relevant to the decrease of oxide impurities and the strengthening action resulted from the "ductile/hard phases inter-deposited" coating structure.

Heat transfer analysis of atomized droplets during high velocity arc spraying

The heat transfer problem of the atomized droplets during high velocity arc spraying (HVAS) was modeled and solved by a numerical method using a Fe-Al alloy, and the influences of several important process parameters on the heat transfer behaviors of the atomized droplets were analyzed. The results show that the initial cooling rates of different size droplets range from 105 to 107 K/s, thus producing the coating microstructure with the features of rapid solidification. The droplet size, atomization gas pressure and droplet superheat have great influences on the heat transfer behavior of the droplet. The droplet temperature and cooling rate are much sensitive to the droplet sizes, but insensitive to the atomization gas pressure and droplet superheat. It can be predicted that the properties of HVAS coatings will be improved by decreasing droplet size as well as increasing atomization gas pressure and droplet superheat in certain extents.

Oxidation performance of Fe-Al/WC composite coatings produced by high velocity arc spraying

Fe-Al intermetallics with remarkable high-temperature intensity and excellent erosion, high-temperature oxidation and sulfuration resistance are potential low cost high-temperature structural materials. But the room temperature brittleness induces shape difficult and limits its industrial application. The Fe-Al intermetallic coatings were prepared by high velocity arc spraying technology with cored wire on 20G steel, which will not only obviate the problems faced in fabrication of these alloys into useful shapes, but also allow the effective use of their outstanding high-temperature performance. The Fe-Al/WC intermetallic composite coatings were prepared by high velocity arc spraying technology on 20G steel and the oxidation performance of Fe-Al/WC composite coatings was studied by means of thermogrativmetic analyzer at 450, 650 and 800℃. The results demonstrate that the kinetics curve of oxidation at three temperatures approximately follows the logarithmic law. The composition of the oxidized coating is mainly composed of Al2O3, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 and FeO. These phases distribute unevenly. The protective Al2O3 film firstly forms and preserves the coatings from further oxidation.

High temperature corrosion behavior of arc-sprayed aluminum coatings on steel

Aluminum coatings were sprayed on the substrate of steel Q235 by arc spraying. The test samples of Q235, Al coatings and Al coatings with seal coat were placed in box type electric resistance furnace at 400, 500,600, 650 ℃ when their oxidation behaviors were studied. And their oxidation kinetics curves were protracted. Microstructure, microhardness, bond strength and distribution of section elements were investigated by optical microscope(OM), Vickers microhardness instrument, electric tensile test machine and EPMA. Al coatings and Al coatings with seal coat can enhance the oxidation-resistance of substrate under 500 ℃. The latter has the best corrosion resistance. The coatings can't protect the substrate against oxidation above 600 ℃. After a long time corrosion there is enriched oxygen element at interface.

Electrochemical corrosion behavior of arc sprayed Zn-Al coatings

Cored wires and high velocity arc spraying (HVAS) technique were applied to produce high Al content Zn-Al alloy coatings on low carbon steel substrates. The electrochemical corrosion behaviors of Zn, Al and Zn-Al coatings were studied with potentiodynamic measurement in 5 % NaCl solution. Compared with pure Zn, pure Al and Zn-15Al coatings, Zn-26Al coatings show a higher corrosion resistance in salt solution. The potentiodynamic polarization tests show that the corrosion resistance of Zn-Al coatings increases as Al content is raised. Pure Al coating exhibits different electrochemical behaviors with other coatings. The corrosion initiated at the micro-pores of the coating and the underlying corrosion mechanism is very similar to that of the pitting corrosion.

High-Temperature Corrosion of Protective Coatings for Boiler Tubes in Thermal Power Plants

High-temperature corrosion is a serious problem for the water-wall tubes of boilers used in thermal power plants. Oxidation, sulfidation and molten salt corrosion are main corrosion ways.Thereinto, the most severe corrosion occurs in molten salt corrosion environment. Materials rich in oxides formers, such as chromium and aluminum, are needed to resist corrosion in high-temperature and corrosive environment, but processability of such bulk alloys is very limited. High velocity electric arc spraying (HVAS) technology is adopted to produce coatings with high corrosion resistance. By comparison, NiCr (Ni-45Cr-4Ti) is recommended as a promising alloy coating for the water-wall tubes, which can even resist molten salt corrosion attack. In the study of corrosion mechanism, the modern material analysis methods, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), are used. It is found that the corrosion resistances of NiCr and FeCrAI coatings are much better than that of 20g steel, that the NiCr coatings have the best anti-corrosion properties, and that the NiCr coatings have slightly lower pores than FeCrAI coatings.It is testified that corrosion resistance of coatings is mainly determined by chromium content, and the microstructure of a coating is as important as the chemical composition of the material. In addition, the fracture mechanisms of coatings in the cycle of heating and cooling are put forward. The difference of the thermal physical properties between coatings and base metals results in the thermal stress inside the coatings. Consequently, the coatings spall from the base metal.

Microstructural analysis and hot corrosion behavior of HVOF-sprayed Ni–22Cr–10Al–1Y and Ni–22Cr–10Al–1Y–SiC(N) coatings on ASTM-SA213-T22 steel

The present paper deals with the investigation of microstructure and high-temperature hot corrosion behavior of high-velocity oxy fuel(HVOF)-produced coatings. Two powder coating compositions, namely, Ni22Cr10Al1Y alloy powder and Ni22Cr10Al1Y(80 wt%;microsized)–silicon carbide(SiC)(20 wt%;nano(N)) powder, were deposited on a T-22 boiler tube steel. The hot corrosion behavior of bare and coated steels was tested at 900°C for 50 cycles in Na2SO4–60 wt%V2O5 molten-salt environment. The kinetics of corrosion was established with weight change measurements after each cycle. The microporosity and microhardness of the as-coated samples have been reported. The X-ray diffraction,field emission-scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray mapping characterization techniques have been utilized for structural analysis of the as-coated and hot-corroded samples. The results showed that both coatings were deposited with a porosity less than2%. Both coated samples revealed the development of harder surfaces than the substrate. During hot corrosion testing, the bare T22 steel showed an accelerated corrosion in comparison with its coated counterparts. The HVOF-sprayed coatings were befitted effectively by maintaining their adherence during testing. The Ni22Cr10Al1Y–20 wt%SiC(N) composite coating was more effective than the Ni–22Cr–10Al–1Y coating against corrosion in the high-temperature fluxing process.

High Velocity Arc Spraying for Automotive Industry

A diesel engine crankshaft is failed in journal and the dominant failure mechanism is wear.A 6R robot-based automatic high velocity arc spraying system was developed in this study.The remanufacturing process of engine crankshaft was designed based on the newly developed automatic spraying system and the FeAlNbB cored wire.The two spraying way planning were designed.The results of industrial application in miniature show that,both of the main shaft journal and the crank journal of the crankshaft can be deposited of coating in only one procedure using the developed automatic spraying technology,and a reliable quality remanufactured part was obtained.A comparative evaluation shows that the improvement process offers several benefits.Such as,the coating bond strength and spray rates are all highly increased;the remanufactured cost and time are decreased.Furthermore,this technology has several advantages such as energy and material saving,and environmental protecting,a wide application foreground for this technology is therefore performed.

Study on microstructure and properties of high velocity arc sprayed Fe_3Al intermetallic coating

Coating structural materials with Fe 3Al based intermetallics may rapidly lead to industrial application of their environment and wear resistant features. In the present study, high velocity arc spraying (HVAS) was used to in situ synthesize Fe 3Al intermetallic coating. The microstructural characterization and properties of the coating have been investigated. The microstructure was found to consist of Fe 3Al based intermetallic (D0 3 and B2) and α Fe regions together with fine oxide (α Al 2O 3) layers. TEM images of coating show that the solidified lamellae are polycrystalline and have a grain size of the order of about 150 nm , and there also exists amorphous state in some areas. It can be concluded that a very high cooling rate has been obtained during HVAS process. Moreover, the coating has relatively higher adhesion strength and microhardness, as well as lower density and porosity.

Sliding wear behavior of high velocity arc sprayed Fe-Al coating

The friction and wear behavior of Fe Al intermetallics based coating produced by high velocity arc spraying technique under dry sliding at room temperature were investigated using a ball on disc tribotester. The effect of sliding speed on friction coefficient and wear of the coating was studied. The worn surface of the coating was analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) to explore sliding friction and wear mechanism. The results show that the variations of friction coefficient can be divided into three distinct steps during the trail. Both the friction coefficient and the wear of the coating increase with increased sliding speed due to accelerated crack propagation rate and lamellar structure with poor ductility of the coating. The coating surface is subjected to alternately tensile stress and compression stress during sliding wear process, and the predominant wear mechanism of the coatings appears to be brittle fracture and delamination.

Abrasive wear behaviors of high velocity arc sprayed iron aluminum composite coatings

The High Velocity Arc Spraying （HVAS） technology was used to prepare Fe-Al composite coatings by the adding of different elements into cored wires to obtain different Fe-Al coatings. The added compounds do great effect on the properties of the composite coatings. The microstructures and abrasive wear performances of the coatings were assessed by transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, and THT07-135 high temperature wear equipment. It was found that the adding of Cr3C2 can greatly increase the room temperature wear behavior, and Fe-Al/WC coatings have adapting periods at the beginning of wear experiment. With the rise of temperature, the wear resistance of Fe-AI/Cr3C2 coatings becomes bad from room temperature to 250℃, and then stable from 250℃ to 550℃; the wear resistance of Fe-Al/WC becomes well with the rise of temperature. The adding of Cr and Ni can also improve wear performances of Fe-Al composite coatings.

Wear behavior of high velocity arc sprayed 3Cr13 steel coating in oil containing sand

To improve the wear resistance of the machine components serving in desert areas, the 3Cr13 stainless steel coating was produced by the high velocity arc spraying technique. The microstructure and phase constitute of the coating were analyzed by SEM and XRD. The effects of sand content on the friction and wear behaviors of the coating under the lubrication of oil containing sand were investigated on a ball-on-disk tester. SEM was used to reveal the wear mechanisms of the coating. The results show that the wear volume increases with increasing the sand content in the oil, and the sprayed coating exhibits better triobological properties compared with the 1045 steel. The predominant wear mechanisms of the sprayed coating are micro-cutting, brittle fracture and delamination.

Effect of Al content on high temperature erosion properties of arc-sprayed FeMnCrAl/Cr_3C_2 coatings

Three types of FeMnCrAl/Cr3C2 coatings with different AI content were deposited on 20# steel substrates by the high velocity arc spraying （HVAS） process. Surface microstructures of the coatings were analyzed by optical microscopy （OM） and X-ray diffractometry （XRD）. High temperature erosion （HTE） tests were performed in an erosion tester at different impact angles. The surface morphologies of the eroded coatings were observed on a field emission scanning electron microscope（FE-SEM）. The laminated structure is found on all the prepared coatings with the porosity and oxide fraction in the coatings decreasing with the Al content from 0 to 15% （mass fraction）. Sample FA3 with 15% Al, possessing the lowest porosity and oxide fraction, has the best HTE resistance, which demonstrates that Al addition can improve the HTE resistance of the coatings. The erosion rate of sample FA1 exhibits a maximum value at 90° impact angle. The maximum erosion rates of both FA2 and FA3 samples appear in the range of 60°-90° impact angles. Erosion loss of the coatings occurs through brittle breaking, cutting and fatigue spalling.

Fretting Corrosion Behavior of Zn-Al-Mg-RE Coating under Dry Friction and NaCl Solution

The fretting behavior of Zn-Al-Mg-RE coating prepared by high velocity arc spraying was studied for the first time in this paper.All specimens were fretted in air and 3.5%NaCl solution independently.The worn surfaces of the coating were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy.Fretting tests have shown that friction coefficient in 3.5%NaCl solution was similar to dry condition for Zn-Al-Mg-RE coating.Study of worn surfaces revealed the main mechanism in dry friction was the oxidative wear;while in 3.5%NaCl solution,the main mechanisms were delamination process and abrasive wear.

某电厂锅炉水冷壁管及表面电弧喷涂NiCr涂层高温腐蚀行为机理分析

在低氮氧燃烧技术及深度调峰技术广泛应用的背景下,锅炉水冷壁管在服役过程中的高温腐蚀失效更为严重。对比研究了取自某电厂锅炉水冷壁管及高速电弧喷涂PS45涂层管的高温腐蚀行为特征,利用SEM、EDS、XRD等手段对腐蚀表面形貌特征、腐蚀产物组成及腐蚀截面特征进行了系统分析。结果表明:高速电弧喷涂PS45涂层可有效提高水冷壁管的抗高温腐蚀性能,其表面腐蚀层厚度较小;在高温服役过程中,PS45涂层因其高Cr、Ni元素而表现出更好的抗腐蚀性能,其表面腐蚀产物层较薄,但涂层粒子间的微观孔隙会导致高温腐蚀反应的侵入,甚至导致涂层/基材界面处水冷壁管的直接腐蚀。

超音速火焰喷涂Ni60/WC-10Co4Cr复合涂层的组织与性能

以Ni60合金粉末与WC-10Co4Cr粉末为原料,采用以空气为助燃气体的超音速火焰喷涂工艺制备Ni60/WC-10Co4Cr复合涂层,研究了添加不同质量分数(20%,40%,60%)WC-10Co4Cr涂层的显微组织、耐磨粒磨损性能和耐腐蚀性能,并与电镀硬铬层进行对比。结果表明:Ni60/WC-10Co4Cr复合涂层由镍基固溶体(NiCr)、铬的碳化物(Cr_(23)C_(6)和Cr_(7)C_(3))和硼化物(Cr_(2)B)以及WC组成,涂层与基体结合紧密,孔隙率均低于1%;随着WC-10Co4Cr含量的增加,复合涂层中的硬质WC相含量增加,涂层的硬度升高,磨粒磨损体积损失明显下降,耐磨粒磨损性能提高,自腐蚀电位降低,自腐蚀电流密度增大,耐腐蚀性能下降。添加质量分数60%WC-10Co4Cr的复合涂层的性能最佳,其耐磨性能与电镀硬铬层相当,耐腐蚀性能优于电镀硬铬层,硬度略低于电镀硬铬层;采用该涂层来代替电镀硬铬是可行的。

高粗糙度NiCrB打底层对陶瓷颗粒增强聚合物基复合涂层性能的影响

目的提高水电装备过流部件表面聚合物基复合抗空蚀涂层与碳钢基材的结合强度,解决因聚合物涂层局部分层,使得水进入聚合物涂层与碳钢界面,引起碳钢快速氧化膨胀,导致涂层快速剥落的难题。方法采用电弧喷涂技术在碳钢基材表面制备NiCrB高粗糙度耐腐蚀打底层,然后在其上涂覆聚氨酯基复合涂层。通过激光共聚焦显微镜、扫描电镜,以及结合强度测试、电化学测试和中性盐雾测试,分别表征打底层的表面形貌、致密度,并评价打底层对聚氨酯基复合结合强度和防腐蚀性能的影响。结果通过调控参数,在NiCrB打底层表面形成由熔滴气化后沉积形成的规则排布凸起颗粒,涂层的表面粗糙度相较于常规热喷涂涂层得到显著提高,在Ra 10.95~37.24μm内可有效调控,且涂层的孔隙率均低于1.5%。添加高粗糙度致密NiCrB打底层后,聚氨酯基复合涂层的结合强度由13.6 MPa升至30.5 MPa。在基体添加NiCrB打底层后,其开路电位由−0.73 V升至−0.54 V,腐蚀电位(vs.SCE)由−0.76 V升至−0.58 V,电荷转移电阻由1729Ω·cm^(2)升至8425Ω·cm^(2)。在上层聚合物涂层破损的情况下,带有NiCrB打底层的样品在接受300 h中性盐雾测试后无明显锈点,相较于无打底层样品,其盐雾腐蚀寿命提高了11倍以上。结论通过电弧喷涂NiCrB打底层可以在较大范围内实现表面粗糙度的调控,打底层的高粗糙度显著提升了聚合物基复合涂层的结合强度,打底层优异的耐腐蚀性能显著提升了聚合物基复合涂层的长效耐腐蚀性能,保障了水力过流部件的长效服役。