Comparative studies on the hot corrosion behavior of air plasma spray and high velocity oxygen fuel coated Co-based L605 superalloys in a gas turbine environment

An improvement in the corrosion resistance of alloys at elevated temperature is a factor for their potential use in gas turbines. In this study, Co Ni Cr Al Y has been coated on the L605 alloy using air plasma spray(APS) and high-velocity oxygen fuel(HVOF) coating techniques to enhance its corrosion resistance. Hot corrosion studies were conducted on uncoated and coated samples in a molten salt environment at 850°C under cyclic conditions. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to determine the corrosion kinetics. The samples were subjected to scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction for further investigation. In coated samples, the formation of Al2O3 and Cr2O3 in the coating acts as a diffusion barrier that could resists the inward movement of the corrosive species present in the molten salt. Coated samples showed very less spallation, lower weight gain, less porosity, and internal oxidation as compared to uncoated sample.HVOF-coated sample showed greater corrosion resistance and inferred that this is the best technique under these conditions.

Improving mechanical properties of AZ91D magnesium/A356 aluminum bimetal prepared by compound casting via a high velocity oxygen fuel sprayed Ni coating

In this paper,a Ni coating was deposited on the surface of the A356 aluminum alloy by high velocity oxygen fuel spraying to improve the performance of the AZ91D magnesium/A356 aluminum bimetal prepared by a compound casting.The effects of the Ni coating as well as its thickness on microstructure and mechanical properties of the AZ91D/A356 bimetal were systematically researched for the first time.Results demonstrated that the Ni coating and its thickness had a significant effect on the interfacial phase compositions and mechanical properties of the AZ91D/A356 bimetal.The 10μm’s Ni coating cannot prevent the generation of the Al-Mg intermetallic compounds(IMCs)at the interface zone of the AZ91D/A356 bimetal,while the Ni coating with the thickness of 45μm and 190μm can avoid the formation of the Al-Mg IMCs.When the Ni coating was 45μm,the Ni coating disappeared and transformed into Mg-Mg_(2)Ni eutectic structures+Ni_(2)Mg_(3)Al particles at the interface zone.With a thickness of 190μm’s Ni coating,part of the Ni coating remained and the interface layer was composed of the Mg-Mg_(2)Ni eutectic structures+Ni_(2)Mg_(3)Al particles,Mg_(2)Ni layer,Ni solid solution(SS)layer,Al_(3)Ni_(2) layer,Al_(3)Ni layer and sporadic Al_(3)Ni+Al-Al_(3)Ni eutectic structures from AZ91D side to A356 side in sequence.The interface layer consisting of the Mg-Ni and Al-Ni IMCs obtained with the Ni coating had an obvious lower hardness than the Al-Mg IMCs.The shear strength of the AZ91D/A356 bimetal with a Ni coating of 45μm thickness enhanced 41.4%in comparison with that of the bimetal without Ni coating,and the fracture of the bimetal with 45μm’s Ni coating occurred between the Mg matrix and the interface layer with a mixture of brittle fracture and ductile fracture.

HVOF喷涂CoCrWSi和Stellite-6涂层的结构与高温摩擦学性能研究

目的提高F92耐热钢基体在600、630℃下的高温耐磨性能。方法采用超音速火焰喷涂方法(High velocity oxy-fuel,HVOF)在F92表面制备CoCrWSi、Stellite-6两种涂层,利用扫描电子显微镜(Scanning electron microscope,SEM)和X射线衍射仪(X-ray diffraction,XRD)分析涂层的表面、截面形貌和物相组成,通过显微维氏硬度计(HV-1000STA)、高温摩擦磨损试验机(UMT-TRIBOLAB)、二维轮廓仪(TencorD-100)测定其显微硬度、高温摩擦学性能和磨痕体积。结果采用超音速火焰喷涂技术制备的CoCrWSi、Stellite-6两种涂层表面较平整,与基体结合紧密,内部组织均匀无裂纹,涂层的厚度约为200μm。XRD分析表明,CoCrWSi、Stellite-6涂层在室温下的物相都由γ(Co)、Cr_(7)C_(3)、CrSi_(2)组成。硬度及耐磨性能测试显示,CoCrWSi、Stellite-6涂层的维氏硬度相较于F92基体分别提高了3.12、2.68倍,F92耐热钢在600、630℃时的平均摩擦因数分别为0.87、0.86,体积磨损率分别为0.49×10^(-4)、1.11×10^(-4)mm^(3)/(N·m),其磨损机理主要为疲劳磨损、黏着磨损、氧化磨损。相较于基体,CoCrWSi涂层在2种温度下的平均摩擦因数分别降低了68%、71%,约为0.28、0.25,体积磨损率分别降低了约95%、97%,为0.20×10^(-5)、0.30×10^(-5)mm^(3)/(N·m),这主要归功于内部的Cr2O3、γ(Co)、Co_(3)O_(4)相在高温摩擦过程中具有良好的润滑效果。Stellite-6涂层也能在一定程度上改善基体的高温耐磨性能,其平均摩擦因数为0.85、0.71,体积磨损率为0.32×10^(-4)、0.57×10^(-4)mm^(3)/(N·m)。2种涂层的主要磨损机理均为磨粒磨损和黏着磨损。结论采用超音速火焰喷涂制备的CoCrWSi、Stellite-6涂层可以改善F92耐热钢在600、630℃下的耐高温滑动磨损性能,且CoCrWSi涂层的防护效果更佳。

Corrosion behavior of HVOF Inconel 625 coating in the simulated marine environment

High velocity oxygen fuel(HVOF)spraying process is commonly used to produce superalloy coatings.Inconel 625 coating was prepared on Q235B low carbon steel by HVOF.A series of experiments were conducted to examine the surface and corrosion resistance properties of Inconel 625 HVOF coating.In this paper,potentiodynamic polarization tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)tests were carried out to evaluate the corrosion resistance of Inconel 625 coating under simulated marine environment.The experiment-al results showed that Inconel 625 coating revealed low porosity and desired coating thickness.Shift in the corrosion potential(E_(corr))to-wards the noble direction combined with much low corrosion current density(i_(corr))indicating a significant improvement of HVOF Inconel 625 coating compared with the substrate.

激光重熔功率对HVOF喷涂WC-Ni涂层耐磨性的影响

为了探究微观组织结构的改变对涂层的硬度和耐磨性的影响,使用低成本的超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)技术预沉积WC-Ni涂层,并利用50~150 W功率激光重熔后处理涂层,研究了激光重熔功率对WC-Ni涂层的显微组织、物相组成、显微硬度、耐磨损性能的影响。结果表明:采用150 W激光重熔后,涂层中的WC形成了蜂窝状骨架结构,使材料的韧性增强,可以显著抑制裂纹的生成和扩展;当激光功率较低时(50 W和100 W),涂层中并没有形成蜂窝状的骨架结构,但由于激光热作用,原始涂层扁平粒子之间的内聚力增强,硬度和耐磨性都有一定的提高。原始的WC-Ni涂层的硬度平均为327 HV_(0.2),50 W和100 W处理后涂层的硬度分别变为335 HV_(0.2)和346 HV_(0.2)。但150 W处理后的涂层中形成了均匀的蜂窝状WC骨架结构,且有部分WC和Ni形成了Ni4W,故150 W处理后的涂层硬度略有降低(288 HV_(0.2)),不过150 W处理后的涂层中的WC演变成了网状骨架结构,可以良好地抑制裂纹的形成与扩展,其磨损率最低,仅为3.544×10^(-5)mm^(3)/(N·m),相较于WC-Ni涂层[2.025×10^(-4)mm^(3)/(N·m)]、50 W[1.424×10^(-4)mm^(3)/(N·m)]和100 W[1.132×10^(-4)mm^(3)/(N·m)]激光重熔后涂层的磨损率分别降低了83.9%、75.1%和68.7%。蜂窝状WC-Ni结构涂层为开发耐磨材料提供了新的思路。

Ni-WS_(2)/MoS_(2)包覆WC-12Ni粉体对HVOF涂层摩擦磨损性能的影响

以化学共沉积Ni-WS_(2)/MoS_(2)包覆WC-12Ni粉体为原料,在17-4PH不锈钢基体上制备了超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)涂层。采用场发射扫描电子显微镜对涂层组织结构进行表征,分别通过测定涂层的显微硬度、摩擦系数和磨损率,并结合粉体特征及涂层的孔隙结构分析来评价涂层摩擦学性能。实验结果表明,通过化学共沉积包覆喷涂粉体引入固体润滑剂,不仅能保证喷涂粉体的流动性,还能实现较均匀固体润滑剂掺杂,显著降低涂层孔隙率、提高致密化程度,获得低摩擦系数、低磨损率以及提高的涂层硬度和耐磨性。其中,由于WS_(2)与WC硬质合金有更好的成分相容性,WC-Ni-WS_(2)涂层的减摩耐磨性能要优于WC-Ni-MoS_(2)涂层。

Microstructure and Wear Properties of Fe-based Amorphous Coatings Deposited by High-velocity Oxygen Fuel Spraying

Fe-based powder with a composition of Fe_（42.87）Cr_（15.98）Mo_（16.33）C_（15.94）B_（8.88）（at.%）was used to fabricate coatings by high-velocity oxygen fuel spraying.The effects of the spraying parameters on the microstructure and the wear properties of the Fe-based alloy coatings were systematically studied.The results showed that the obtained Fe-based coatings with a thickness of about 400μm consisted of a large-volume amorphous phase and some nanocrystals.With increasing the fuel and oxygen flow rates,the porosity of the obtained coatings decreased.The coating deposited under optimized parameters exhibited the lowest porosity of 2.8%.The excellent wear resistance of this coating was attributed to the properties of the amorphous matrix and the presence of nanocrystals homogeneously distributed within the matrix.The wear mechanism of the coatings was discussed on the basis of observations of the worn surfaces.

超音速等离子与HVOF喷涂WC-Co涂层的冲蚀磨损性能研究

用超音速等离子喷涂(HEPJet)和两种进口高速氧燃气火焰喷涂(HVOF)设备(JP-5000和DJ-2700)制备WC-Co涂层,进行了孔隙率、显微硬度、结合强度及30°和90°攻角的冲蚀磨损对比实验,分析了涂层的SEM磨损形貌。结果表明,超音速等离子喷涂WC-Co涂层综合性能与JP-5000喷涂WC-Co涂层相当,优于DJ-2700;在30°冲蚀磨损条件下,WC-Co涂层的失效行为表现为疲劳剥落和微切削两种特征;在90°冲蚀磨损时,涂层的失效主要是垂直表面的磨粒冲击力导致涂层疲劳剥落。

Microstructure, mechanical and oxidation characteristics of detonation gun and HVOF sprayed MCrAlYX coatings

Microstructure, mechanical property and oxidation resistance of MCrAlYX coatings prepared by detonation gun (D-gun) and HVOF spraying were investigated. Lamellar microstructure and uniform microstructure formed in D-gun sprayed MCrAlYX coating and HVOF sprayed coating, respectively. Element redistribution and formation of new phase took place during the detonation process. Besides, the porosity of D-gun sprayed coating was much lower than that of HVOF sprayed coating. On the mechanical property, the micro-hardnesses of the two coatings were in the same level (~HV 910). However, D-gun sprayed MCrAlYX coating exhibited larger standard deviation of microhardness due to its lamellar microstructure, and exhibited better bend bonding strength owing to the existence of residual compressive stress between the layers and particles. Meanwhile, due to the much more compact microstructure, D-gun sprayed MCrAlYX coating showed superior oxidation resistance to the HVOF sprayed coating. The continuous dense protective layer can form earlier in D-gun sprayed coating and thus suppress further oxidation and control the oxide thickness at a relatively low level.

A100钢表面粗糙度与HVOF碳化钨涂层结合强度

采用超音速火焰喷涂方法在AerMet100钢(A100钢)基体上制备了WC10Co4Cr涂层,研究了不同喷砂条件对AerMet100钢表面粗糙度变化及对涂层与基体结合强度的影响.之后将涂层使用化学方法退除,观察涂层制备对AerMet100钢基体表面状态的影响,分析了粗糙度与涂层结合强度之间的关系.结果表明:AerMet100钢基体不同吹砂工艺产生的表面粗糙度Sa=0.994～4.983μm时,超音速火焰喷涂WC10Co4Cr涂层的结合强度均不低于72MPa.喷涂涂层过程对基体表面状态没有较大影响:基体粗糙度Sa<2μm时,喷涂后,基体表面的粗糙度略有降低;基体粗糙度Sa>3μm时,喷涂后,基体粗糙度略有升高.超音速火焰喷涂的碳化钨钴涂层与AerMet100钢基体的结合同时存在物理与机械力结合,以前者为主要结合力.

超音速火焰(HVOF)喷涂Fe-Cr基涂层的组织与耐蚀性

采用多元Fe—cr基合金（含Si、Mn、B等）作为喷涂粉末，用JP-5000超音速火焰喷枪在不锈钢基体上制备厚度约200μm的Fe基涂层。采用金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、透射电镜对涂层的组织结构进行了观察和分析，采用盐雾试验箱对涂层的耐蚀性进行了初步研究。结果表明，涂层主要由非晶、bcc晶体结构的纳米晶及微米级硼化物组成；非晶基体产生了明显晶化，形成了胞状bcc结构的纳米仪．Fe，其尺寸约为10～30nm^3，涂层致密，孔隙率约为1％。涂层的耐盐雾腐蚀的性能明显高于1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢。前者主要为孔蚀，后者主要为晶间腐蚀。

燃料类型及喷涂参数对HVOF喷涂WC10Co4Cr涂层的组织及力学性能的影响

超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)制备的WC基金属陶瓷涂层广泛应用于金属构件的磨损、腐蚀及空蚀防护。分别采用氢气燃料及煤油液体燃料HVOF喷涂设备分别在9种不同的工艺条件下制备了WC10Co4Cr涂层,研究了燃料类型对涂层的组织、残余应力及力学性能的影响规律。在两种燃料HVOF工艺各自优化的喷涂参数条件下,通过对基体曲率的原位监测对比测试了涂层中的平均残余应力;利用显微维氏硬度、压痕法(断裂韧性)和球盘摩擦磨损对比研究了涂层的力学性能。结果表明:液体燃料(LF)HVOF焰流中粒子的温度更低,速度更高。LF-HVOF喷涂的WC10Co4Cr涂层内的残余压应力更高且涂层致密度更高,而气体燃料(GF)HVOF喷涂的WC10Co4Cr涂层内为残余拉应力。LFHVOF涂层(1280 HV0.3, 7.3 MPa·m^0.5)比GF-HVOF涂层(1032 HV0.3, 4.5 MPa·m^0.5)具有更高的硬度和断裂韧性,LFHVOF涂层的耐磨性约为GF-HVOF涂层的1.7倍。

HVOF喷涂Co基WC涂层的耐锌腐蚀行为

为了提高热镀锌用辊件的耐腐蚀性,试验采用超音速火焰喷涂方法制备WC-12Co涂层,研究了涂层在450℃锌液中的耐腐蚀性能以及失效机制.将316L/WC-12Co涂层进行液锌腐蚀,以扫描电镜能谱分析、x-射线衍射方式分析对比了未经过腐蚀试件、腐蚀5天试件、腐蚀10天试件的组织变化和相组成,结果显示涂层基体Co受液锌腐蚀生成Co与Zn化合物,引发横向裂纹,导致涂层剥落.涂层全部剥落后保护失效,使母材被液锌直接严重腐蚀,最终生成锌渣FeZn13.

HVOF制备的多峰WC-12Co涂层摩擦磨损特性

本文采用超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)工艺制备了2种多峰结构和1种亚微米结构WC-12Co涂层,并采用SEM、XRD等方法对3种涂层进行了显微组织、孔隙率、相结构及显微硬度分析;在进行涂层球盘摩擦磨损试验的基础上,探讨了多峰WC-12Co涂层的磨损机理.研究结果表明:由含30%纳米WC-12Co的粉末制备的多峰涂层WC氧化脱碳程度最低,显微硬度最高;采用含50%纳米WC-12Co的粉末制备的多峰涂层孔隙率最低、耐磨损性能最为优良.

HVOF喷涂WC-12Co涂层性能及磨蚀机理

为提高水力机械表面抗磨蚀性能,采用超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)喷涂微米粉末制备WC-12Co涂层,测试了涂层的显微硬度、孔隙率、结合强度及抗磨蚀性能。利用XRD表征了涂层的物相组成,并利用SEM分析了涂层的微观组织结构及磨蚀后的表面形貌,探讨了涂层在含沙水流中的磨蚀机理。结果表明,获得的WC-12Co涂层的孔隙率为0.83%,平均显微硬度达1189.7HV0.2,结合强度大于62MPa,其耐磨蚀性能是基体的3倍以上,有效提高基体的耐磨蚀性能。在含沙水流中的磨蚀主要是由沙粒冲蚀和气体气蚀所引起的。

HVOF喷涂WC-10Co4Cr涂层的性能及滑动磨损机理

目的研究WC-10Co4Cr涂层的耐滑动磨损性能及机理。方法在0Cr13Ni5Mo不锈钢基体上,采用超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)制备了WC-10Co4Cr金属陶瓷涂层。分析了WC-10Co4Cr涂层的物相组成、显微组织,并测试了其硬度、结合强度、孔隙率及在560 r/min和1120 r/min转速下的滑动磨损性能。结果涂层的显微硬度为1325HV0.2,结合强度为72 MPa。涂层组织致密,孔隙率为0.76%。在560 r/min下磨损10h,涂层与基体的磨损失重比为1:138.36;在1120 r/min下磨损10 h,涂层与基体的磨损失重比为1:127.44。结论在滑动摩擦磨损的初期,涂层的磨损失效机制主要表现为磨粒磨损。随着滑动速度的增大,涂层的磨损失效机制主要表现为疲劳磨损。

HVOF喷涂Ni基涂层性能的研究

采用超音速火焰喷涂技术(HVOF)制备了3种镍基涂层,并对涂层的性能进行测试。结果表明:烧结粉末Ni60制备的涂层结合强度达44.6MPa、显微硬度963.8HV,均明显优于包覆粉末Ni包C、Ni包MoS2制备的涂层;Ni包C涂层孔隙率最高,达5.4%,并含有许多的未熔软质相;涂层中的镍起粘结作用,能显著提高涂层的结合强度和显微硬度;起减磨作用的MoS2和C相会明显降低涂层的结合强度。

HVOF制备的微纳米结构WC-12Co涂层组织结构与抗空蚀性能

本文中采用HVOF工艺制备了二种微纳米结构及一种普通微米WC-12Co金属陶瓷复合涂层,并采用SEM、XRD等分析了涂层的显微形貌和组织结构;测量了涂层的显微硬度、孔隙率及开裂韧性;采用超声振动空蚀装置研究了涂层的抗空蚀性能,探讨了涂层空蚀机理.结果表明:由亚微米与纳米WC-12Co组成的微纳米结构涂层孔隙率最低,组织最细小;虽然HVOF制备的微米WC-12Co涂层中WC基本上没有产生氧化脱碳,但是在二种微纳米结构WC-12Co涂层中WC不同程度地产生氧化脱碳,生成W2C、W及Co6W6C等物相;由亚微米与纳米WC-12Co组成的微纳米结构涂层显示了最优异的抗空蚀性能,空蚀率仅为微米涂层的1/3,其涂层抗空蚀性能提高的根本原因在于涂层中同时存在亚微米和纳米尺寸的WC、W2C、Co6W6C高硬度颗粒及一定量的Co、W韧性金属,由此提高了涂层的硬度和开裂韧性,延缓了微裂纹的产生与扩展.

HVOF喷涂Cr_(3)C_(2)-NiCr涂层的磨粒磨损性能

探讨了氧气流量、燃气流量和喷涂距离三个喷涂工艺参数对HVOF喷涂Cr3C2-NiCr涂层硬度和磨粒磨损性能的影响。结果表明 ,燃气流量、氧气流量和喷涂距离对涂层的显微硬度和磨粒磨损性能的影响规律有所不同。在较高的燃气流量、适中的氧气流量和喷涂距离条件下 ,涂层具有较高的显微硬度 ;而氧气流量和燃气流量对涂层的磨粒磨损性能影响较大 ,适中的燃气流量条件下 ,涂层的磨粒磨损失重量较低 ,高的氧气流量条件下 ,磨损失重量显著增加。涂层的硬度与磨损性能无明确的相关关系。对涂层不同磨损区域的表面形貌研究表明 ,犁沟切削是涂层磨粒磨损初期的主要特征 ,而碳化物的断裂与剥落是影响涂层磨粒磨损寿命的主要问题。

结晶器基材HVOF喷涂梯度功能涂层组织结构与结合强度

以HVOF梯度功能涂层在结晶器的应用作为研究背景,对CrZrCu表面超音速火焰喷涂CoNiCrAlY+CoCrMoSi梯度涂层与Ni-Co电镀层进行了对比分析,通过SEM,EDS,XRD及X射线应力仪等手段分析了涂/镀层的微观组织结构与应力状态,采用拉伸法测试了结合强度.结果表明,涂层与基体之间的结合比镀层较为紧密;梯度涂层的结合强度远大于镀层的结合强度;涂层均为压应力,表面应力小,界面应力大;镀层中元素和相组成无变化,涂层主要元素含量与粉末基本相当,而涂层中C,O元素含量增加,粉末发生了熔化分解和重结晶.为结晶器HVOF涂层部分性能替代电镀层提供了理论支持.