High speed continuous turning of hardened steel with newly developed low content PCBN

In this study,newly developed low content PCBN was used to evaluate the cutting performance in high speed turning of hardened steel.Using new PCBN and commercially available PCBN tipped inserts under the same cutting condition,cutting performance with variable cutting speed,feed rate and depth of cuts on tools were measured by observation of flank and crater wear.Its microstructures were analyzed through SEM microscope,measurement of surface roughness on workpiece was also performed. According to cutting performance results,it is shown that new PCBN shows much longer tool life in high speed continuous turning than our conventional PCBN tools,with improved wear and chipping resistance.This result on the machinability of new PCBN for hardened steel will provide effective guidelines to manufacturing engineers,also provide useful economic machining solution for high speed continuous turning for hardened steel.

Development of Steel Slag-Based Solidification/Stabilization Materials for High Moisture Content Soil

To solve the problems of high moisture content,high viscosity,and poor engineering mechanical properties of soil,this paper using with steel slag(SS)and desulfurization ash(DS)as initial raw materials,realizing the coop-erative treatment of solid waste and solidification of silt soil.The synergistic utilization of SS and DS can reduce the production cost of curing agent and promote its own consumption.According to blended cement of various SS contents and inspected compressive strength performances,the most suitable raw materials ratio was selected.The best formula for this curing agent is cement:steel slag=3:7 with 5%DS,and its 28-day compressive strength can reach 30 MPa.The experiment shows that the effect of DS and Na_(2)SO_(4) reagent with the same quality on early compressive strength improvement of cement and SS system is not much different.In this study,the mineral composition and microstructure of different gel system blocks were characterized by XRD,SEM and EDX,and a large number of webbed structures were found in the SEM test,which was not seen in previous studies.Besides,unconfined compressive strength(UCS),water resistance,and toxic characteristic leaching procedure(TCLP)were used to evaluate silt solidified soil properties.The results demonstrated that the solidified silt could meet not only the standard of general subgrade;but also has a partial stabilization effect of heavy metal ions.

Development of Moisture and Ash Based Correlation for the Estimation of Mineral Matter in High Ash Indian Coal

The experimental determination of mineral matter in coal is a tedious as well as time consuming process, and requires highly skilled analyst to carry out the chemical analysis of coal and ash. On the other hand, determination of moisture and ash is relatively easy using moisture oven and muffle furnace and can be determined anywhere with little care. Most of the methods reported till date for the evaluation of mineral matter in coal involves indirect determination of mineral matter using high temperature ash as one parameter. All these methods offer conversion of ash yield into mineral matter with the help of correlations based on certain assumptions. Although, the method for direct determination of mineral matter by chemical analysis is also reported, but is of little use as it requires extensive chemical analysis. In this study mineral matter is determined directly by oxygen plasma asher in coal samples collected from different regions of India. The results obtained were compared with those obtained by existing correlations. It has been observed that all the existing correlations including Parr’s, are found to be unrealistic for high ash Indian coal. An attempt has been made to develop a new correlation for the estimation of mineral matter based on two simple parameter i.e. moisture content and ash yield. Present model was developed after analyzing 75 coal samples. The developed correlation appears to be more simple and better and is represented as Mineral Matter(MM)= 0.74(Moisture) + 1.17(Ash)

The Breeding of Hybrid Rape Variety Youyan 924 with Strong Heterosis and High Oil

The rape project of ＂Development and Application of Cabbage Type Rape Hybrids with Strong Heterosis＂ which belongs to National 863 Program aimed to breed the rape variety whose rapeseed yield or oil yield increased more than 10% compared with check （CK） variety, or oil yield increased more than 3 percentage points compared with CK. In the regional trial in the middle react,es of the Yangtze River for two years, the average rapeseed yield and oil yield of Youyan 924 which is a hybrid rape variety respectively reached 2 695.95 and 1 264.35 kg/hm2, which respectively increased by 5.22% and 13.4% compared with those of the other test- ing varieties in the same group, and respectively increased by 10.06% and 23.68% compared with those of Zhongyouza 2 which belongs to CK, thus reaching the standard of hybrid rape variety with strong heterosis; the average oil percentage of the variety in the two years was 46.63%,which increased by 3.44 percentage points compared with that of all the other testing varieties in the same group, and in- creased by 5.14 percentage points compared with that of Zhongyouza 2, and the oil percentage of it in the production testing reached 49.21%. Thus Youyan 924 is a variety with strong heterosis and high oil, moreover, its contents of erucic acid and glucosinolate are 0,25% and 20.27 μmol/g, respectively. From the data aggregation of national regional trial, it has the advantages of high oil yield, high yielding ability, reaching the standards of low erucic acid and low glucosinolate, strong lodging re- sistance, good disease resistance aqd moderate mature period.

Novel synthesis of fly-ash-derived Cu-loaded SAPO-34 catalysts and their use in selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3

A combined acid–alkali hydrothermal method was used to prepare fly ash–derived SAPO-34 molecular sieves from a thermal power plant in Inner Mongolia(China).The specific surface area of the prepared fly-ash-derived SAPO-34 molecular sieves was 579 m^2 g^-1,the total pore volume was about 0.27 cm^3 g^-1,and the pore size was 0.56 nm;the molar ratios of Al2O3:P2O5:SiO2 were 1:0.86:0.45.Cu/SAPO-34 catalysts were prepared by impregnation of low-cost fly-ash-derived SAPO-34 molecular sieves as a support and tested in selective catalytic reduction with NH3(NH3-SCR).Powder X-ray diffraction(XRD),N2 adsorption–desorption,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),H2 temperatureprogrammed reduction(H2-TPR),NH3 temperature-programmed desorption(NH3-TPD),electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR),nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),X-ray fluorescence analysis(XRF)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)were used for catalyst characterization and investigation of the relationships between the catalyst structure and the catalytic activity.The actual silica:alumina ratio of the molecular sieves did not increase with increasing Cu loading,indicating that increasing the Cu loading does not change the original structure of the SAPO-34 molecular sieves.The XRF and NMR results showed that replacement by Cu results in more Si islands.The molecular sieve acidity decreased because of the increased number of Si islands.The NH3-TPD results showed that for the Cu/SAPO-34 catalysts there was a low correlation between the low-temperature activity and the amount of acidic sites.SCR activity is closely related to the location of Cu.The 4.47 Cu/SAPO-34 catalyst has the highest isolated Cu2+showed the highest NH3-SCR activities(>90%)at 250–350℃.This work opens up new avenues for recycling fly ash formed in coal-fired power plants(reducing environmental pollution)and developing low-cost SCR catalysts for NOx pollution control.

Effects of salt and rice flour concentration on microbial diversity and the quality of sour meat,a Chinese traditional meat

This study investigated the effects of salt(3%and 6%,m/m)and rice flour(10%and 20%,m/m)addition in sour meat,a traditional Chinese fermented meat.It was found that salt has greater effect than rice flour addition in spontaneous fermentation.Low-salt groups had lower pH and higher titratable total acid.In the low-salt groups,the dominant genera were Lactobacillus and Lactococcus,whereas Staphylococcus,Weissella,and Tetragenococcus were dominant in the high-salt groups.Higher total free amino acids and essential amino acids,organic acids,hexanoic acid ethyl ester and octanoic acid ethyl ester were found in the low-salt groups.The RDA analysis revealed that Lactococcus was closely related to product quality,with the S3F10(3%salt and 10%rice f lour)group outperforming the others in the sensory evaluation.Therefore,3%salt and 10%rice flour were considered more appropriate for the production of healthy and tasty fermented sour meats.

Comparison of settlement behaviors of high-food-waste-content(HFWC) and low-food-waste-content(LFWC) MSWs and assessment of their prediction models

Settlement behaviors of high-food-waste-content(HFWC) and low-food-waste-content(LFWC) municipal solid wastes(MSWs) respectively from developing and developed countries were characterized and compared based on a great number of experimental datasets from references. Fresh HFWC-MSW generally has larger primary compression ratio compared to fresh LFWC-MSW, due to the release of a large amount of intra-particle water contained in food waste under additional stresses. The slopes of strain-logarithmic time curves with respect to the three secondary compression phases are characterized as "slightsteep-slight" for LFWC-MSWand "moderate-moderate-slight" for HFWC-MSW. It is difficult to distinguish the first two phases of the secondary compression in strain-logarithmic time curves for HFWC-MSW. The entropy method was built to evaluate the performance and applicability of nine published settlement models based on the settlement datasets of four large-scale experiments. The computational simplicity, the fitting performance, the prediction performance and the parametric stability were taken as the four criterions in the entropy method. Based on the evaluation results, the models proposed by Sowers et al.(1973)and Gourc et al.(2010) are recommended for predicting settlement at LFWC-MSW landfills, while the hyperbolic model and the Chen et al.(2010) model are recommended for HFWC-MSW landfills.

用于MTO装置中的乙炔选择加氢催化剂研究

在MTO工艺装置生产乙烯的过程中,乙烯中常含有50~200μL/L左右的微量乙炔,现有的石油烃蒸汽裂解制乙烯装置中常用的碳二加氢催化剂或适用于微量乙炔选择加氢的乙烯精制催化剂并不是MTO工艺中乙炔选择加氢的最好选择。通过研究Pd含量变化对催化剂性能的影响,发现降低Pd含量能够提高催化剂的乙烯选择性,降低催化剂的乙炔合格温度,在保证乙炔加氢合格的情况下,通过控制较低的氢炔比还能获得更好的乙烯选择性。通过添加适当的助剂,控制助剂的用量也能够提高催化剂的乙烯选择性。和商业碳二加氢催化剂BC2相比,采用浸渍法制备的BC2-MTO催化剂活性组分Pd含量降低了50%以上,活性金属Pd的分散度提高了69%,能够在较低的反应温度和氢炔比条件下使用,具有更好的催化活性和乙烯选择性。

粉煤灰不同掺量对高性能混凝土耐久性影响研究

为了研究粉煤灰掺量对高性能混凝土材料耐久性影响,在P·O42.5级高性能混凝土中掺入10%、20%、30%、50%的粉煤灰。设计混凝土、粉煤灰掺量的试验配合比,将粉煤灰掺量和高性能混凝土配合比作为正交试验的2个变量。试验结果表明,正常环境下10%、20%、30%时的混凝土渗透率较低,抗压强度大,50%的混凝土渗透率较高且抗压强度有所减小,冻融环境下的各个数据值均小于正常环境,说明适量掺入粉煤灰掺量能够提高混凝土材料耐久性。通过对试验数据整理可知,使用所研究方法混凝土渗透率、抗压强度与统计数据均存在最大仅为1%和0.1 MPa的误差,能够将试验研究结果作为实际工程可行的条件。

高掺量胶粉/SBS改性沥青及其混合料的路用性能

为了提高废旧轮胎利用率,降低沥青生产成本,发挥胶粉和SBS两种改性沥青的优势,通过优化制备工艺和材料掺量,研究沥青的三大指标、黏度、弹性恢复、储存稳定性,确定了胶粉/SBS复合改性沥青的胶粉最佳掺量为42%,裂解剂的最佳掺量为1.5%。以制备的高掺量复合改性沥青混合料为主要研究对象,其他5种沥青混合料为对照组,包括基质沥青混合料、3%SBS改性沥青混合料、21%普通掺量的胶粉改性沥青混合料、42%高掺量胶粉改性沥青混合料以及21%胶粉+3%SBS普通掺量复合改性沥青混合料,通过车辙试验、低温小梁弯曲试验等分析各个改性沥青混合料的性能。结果表明,比起其他5种沥青混合料,高掺量胶粉/SBS复合改性沥青混合料有优异的高温抗车辙、低温抗开裂和水稳定性,为进一步研究胶粉/SBS改性沥青的应用起到了推广作用。

中高强混凝土抗压强度与气孔分布特征关系模型研究

为探究气孔分布特征与中高强混凝土抗压强度之间的定量关系,采用低场核磁共振成像分析系统与全自动压力试验机开展了不同气孔分布特征下的高强混凝土抗压强度试验。通过对Ryshkewitch半经验公式模型进行验证和改进,建立了中高强混凝土抗压强度与孔结构关系模型。结果表明:混凝土孔隙率会随着砂率和初始含气量的增加而逐渐增加,相比于提高砂率,提高初始含气量更容易得到差异性较大的孔隙率;提高砂率使非毛细孔占比增加了17.2%,毛细孔占比降低了13.0%;提高初始含气量使毛细孔占比增加了12.7%,凝胶孔占比降低了12.6%。基于Ryshkewitch半经验公式改进的模型R~2接近于1,P值<0.05,可以更准确地描述孔隙分布特征与抗压强度的定量关系。

低熔点合金高低温循环浸渍杨木的性能及机理研究

利用气-液相变自驱动原理,选用Sn-Bi-Pb低熔点合金(LMPA),通过木材含水率的调控及采用高低温交替循环浸渍法,在不破坏木材本身结构的条件下制备了金属化杨木,探讨了低熔点合金在木材中的渗透机理,并分析了金属化杨木的增重率、吸水率、顺纹抗压强度及导热性能。结果表明:提高木材的含水率并在高低温循环条件下浸渍有助于LMPA渗透到木材导管中,当杨木的含水率为60%时,其增重率高达52.47%;浸泡144 h后的吸水率比对照样减小了78.4%,顺纹抗压强度提高了33.75%,导热系数是对照样的2.6倍,在地暖地板领域显示出较好的应用前景。

工程化高掺量橡胶沥青性能试验研究

为推动高掺量橡胶沥青在道路工程中的应用,基于雄安新区实体工程,从宏观-微观角度评价探讨了高掺量橡胶沥青用于道面的可行性及性能表现。采用全高掺量橡胶沥青路面结构设计理念,设计了用于不同结构层的3种密级配高掺量橡胶沥青混合料ARHM-13,ARHM-20,ARHM-25。利用动稳定度、低温弯曲破坏应变、冻融劈裂强度、残留稳定度、四点弯曲疲劳试验及约束试件温度应力试验分析并评价了高掺量橡胶沥青混合料在高,低温环境下的路用表现;通过溶-凝胶含量及光学显微镜观测并探讨了胶粉在高掺量橡胶沥青及其混合料体系中的分散性;结合差示量热扫描仪和低温冲击韧性试验进一步表征并研究了高掺量橡胶沥青的低温性能。结果表明:30%胶粉掺量的高掺量橡胶沥青混合料具有良好的高温、疲劳性能及优异的低温表现;降解胶粉可以在沥青及混合料体系中实现良好的分散,高达40.8%的降解胶粉通过溶解进入沥青,分散性试验表明多数胶粒尺寸小于50μm;橡胶含量持续增加导致沥青发生的脆-韧转变对于沥青混合料体系在温度下降过程中所表现出的低温柔性、韧性及抗裂性能具有很大改善作用。

高铁低品位红土镍矿酸浸工艺研究

研究了用硫酸从印尼某高铁低品位红土镍矿中加压酸浸镍、钴、铁,并探讨了浸出渣中铁品位变化及常压、加压下的浸出动力学。结果表明:在酸矿比260 kg/t、温度250℃(对应水蒸气压力4.0 MPa)、液固体积质量比3/1、搅拌速度300 r/min、粒度100目、反应时间1 h条件下,镍、钴、铁浸出率分别为98.1%、98.3%、4.7%,铁品位可达51.3%;加压和常压下,镍、钴浸出过程均符合界面化学反应控制的收缩核模型,加压下反应活化能分别为116、91 kJ/mol,常压下反应活化能分别为41、53 kJ/mol;常压下主要是针铁矿的浸出,高压下主要是铬铁矿、磁铁矿等矿相的浸出。

马来酸酐改性高掺量橡胶沥青制备与性能

使用高度降解的再生橡胶(DR)制备了高掺量橡胶沥青(HCRA),通过衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、凝胶渗透色谱仪、动态剪切流变仪和动态力学分析仪,对比研究了马来酸酐(MAH)预接枝DR改性与MAH和DR直接共混改性对HCRA结构与性能的影响,探讨了两种改性方法的改性机理。结果表明,MAH预接枝DR时发生了由烯烃双键和烯丙基碳氢原子提供活性位点的自由基取代反应,而MAH和DR与沥青直接共混时,存在自由基取代反应和酯化反应两种反应,并以后者为主;MAH改性HCRA的溶胶组分中以中低分子量组分为主;MAH改性显著改善了HCRA的高、低温流变性能。此外,两种改性方法对HCRA的结构与性能均有影响,且随MAH掺量的变化存在明显差异。

氮含量与终轧温度对钛微合金化高强钢CGLC700低温冲击韧性的影响

针对钛微合金化高强钢CGLC700低温冲击韧性差的问题,通过热力学计算与高温原位观察,采用电子背散射衍射、透射电镜、扫描电镜和光学显微镜对含Ti高强钢的夹杂物、第二相粒子、断口形貌和低温冲击韧性等进行了研究。结果表明,含Ti高强钢低温冲击韧性差的原因与钢中大尺寸脆性夹杂物和Ti(C,N)、TiN析出相有关。将钢中w[N]从0.0049%降低至≤0.0035%时,可以有效降低钢中脆性夹杂物的数量和尺寸,从而提高钢材冲击韧性;终轧温度从885~895℃降低至875~885℃,可以促使纳米级TiC第二相粒子析出和大角度晶界的生成,并降低有效晶粒尺寸,从而明显改善钢材的低温冲击韧性;同时降低氮含量至≤0.0035%与终轧温度在875~885℃时,钛微合金化高强钢中平均晶粒尺寸从3.1μm降至2.7μm,小尺寸有效晶粒占比高,大尺寸夹杂物及数密度降低,大角度晶界中占比增长了16.6%,钢材低温冲击功可以从14.75 J提高到37.35 J。

低碱高硅率高铁水泥的研发与生产实践

通过优选碱含量低的原材料、采用高硅率生料配料、改进熟料煅烧工艺操作、合理控制水泥粉磨指标,研发生产了水泥碱含量小于0.40%、熟料硅率为3.5的低碱高硅率高铁水泥,满足了国家重点工程高铁建设项目需要。

中高灰炼焦煤生产高品质83焦的应用实践

为了降低配煤成本,云煤能源安宁分公司使用低价格的中高灰炼焦煤。由于配量过大,导致焦炭CSR严重下降,在总结经验和小焦炉试验的基础上,采用合适的配煤比,消化了库存的中高灰炼焦煤,焦炭CSR达到≥66.0%的要求。

复合助熔剂对垃圾焚烧飞灰熔融温度与物相的影响

高温熔融玻璃化是危险废物垃圾焚烧飞灰最安全的无害化处置技术。以高钙飞灰为研究对象,引入SiO_(2)、H_(3)BO_(3)和CaF_(2)助熔剂进行飞灰低温熔融处置,采用X射线衍射仪、灰熔点测定仪及电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪表征飞灰熔融温度、物相变化及重金属浸出。结果表明,利用SiO_(2)(27.9%,质量分数)将飞灰碱度调整至1.10时,形成低熔点的CaSiO_(3)矿物,飞灰熔点由1400℃以上降至1300℃。引入H_(3)BO_(3)(4.5%,质量分数)、CaF_(2)(7.0%,质量分数)作为助熔剂时,可进一步将熔融温度降至1200℃,但导致SiO_(2)超掺;经优化,复合助熔剂配方为SiO_(2)(20.0%,质量分数)、H_(3)BO_(3)(4.5%,质量分数)与CaF_(2)(7.0%,质量分数)时,飞灰最低熔融温度为1124℃,熔融产物玻璃体含量达到87%(质量分数),酸浸出有害物质低于限值,满足GB/T 41015—2021标准对玻璃化处理产物的技术要求。

高模量与低掺量环氧沥青在交叉口路面中的应用研究

交叉口路面因频繁制动、交通量大等原因导致车辙、推移病害严重,依托南京市高淳某国道交叉口路面改造工程,提出一种无车辙路用环氧沥青路面铺装结构,开展试验段实施与研究,对比传统铺装方案关键技术指标,并介绍相应的施工工艺。高模量与低掺量环氧沥青路面铺装结构工后效果良好,可有效保证国道交叉口路面铺装的质量,提高驾驶者的行车安全和舒适性。