Brittleness Generation Mechanism and Failure Model of High Strength Lightweight Aggregate Concrete

The brittleness generation mechanism of high strength lightweight aggregate concrete(HSLWAC) was presented, and it was indicated that lightweight aggregate was the vulnerable spot,initiating brittleness. Based on the analysis of the brittleness failure by the load-deflection curve, the brittleness presented by HSLWAC was more prominent compared with ordinary lightweight aggregate concrete of the same strength grade. The model of brittleness failure was also established.

Autogenous Shrinkage of High Strength Lightweight Aggregate Concrete

The characteristic of autogenous shrinkage（AS） and its effect on high strength lightweight aggregate concrete（HSLAC） were studied.The experimental results show that the main shrinkage of high strength concrete is AS and the amount of cement can affect the AS of HSLAC remarkably,At the early stage the AS of HSLAC is lower than that of high strength normal concrete,but it has a large growth at the later stage.The AS of high strength normal concrete becomes stable at 90d age,but HSLAC still has a high AS growth .It is found that adjusting the volume rate of lightweight aggregate,mixing with a proper dosage of fly ash and raising the water saturation degree of lightweight aggregate can markedly reduce the AS rate of HSLAC.

Developing Sustainable Ultra High Strength Concrete Mixtures Using Spent Foundry Sand

This study presents the development of ultra high strength concrete(UHSC)that has been made more sustainable by using both local materials from central Texas and spent foundry sand(FS)from the metal casting industry,which has also been obtained locally.This study first describes various trial mixtures tested as well as the specimen preparation techniques investigated that led to the final UHSC-FS mixtures.The developed mixtures were proportioned with local constituents to increase the sustainable impact of the material by reducing emissions due to shipping as well as making UHSC more affordable to a wider variety of applications.The final mixture design constituents were:river sand,locally available type I/II cement,silica fume,and spent FS,which was obtained from a local steel casting company.Multiple variables were investigated,such as the aggregate type and size,concrete age(7,14,and 28-days),the curing regimen,and the water-to-cement ratio(w/cm)to optimize a UHSC mixture that used local materials and FS.This systematic development revealed that heat curing the specimens in a water bath at 50 oC(122 oF)after demolding and then dry curing at 200 oC(392 oF)two days before testing with a w/cm of 0.20 at 28-days produced the highest compressive strengths.Once an optimum UHSC mixture was identified a partial replacement of the fine aggregate with FS was completed at 10%,20%,and 30%.The results showed an increase of compressive strength performance at 10%replacement,followed by no change at 20%,and finally a slight decrease at 30%.Developing this innovative material with local materials and FS ultimately produces a novel sustainable construction material,reduces the costs,and produces mechanical performance similar to prepackaged,commercially,available construction building materials.

Developing Sustainable High Strength Concrete Mixtures Using Local Materials and Recycled Concrete

This study presents the development of high strength concrete (HSC) that has been made more sustainable by using both local materials from central Texas and recycled concrete aggregate (RCA), which has also been obtained locally. The developed mixtures were proportioned with local constituents to increase the sustainable impact of the material by reducing emissions due to shipping as well as to make HSC more affordable to a wider variety of applications. The specific constituents were: limestone, dolomite, manufactured sand (limestone), locally available Type I/II cement, silica fume, and recycled concrete aggregate, which was obtained from a local recycler which obtains their product from local demolition. Multiple variables were investigated, such as the aggregate type and size, concrete age (7, 14, and 28-days), the curing regimen, and the water-to-cement ratio (w/c) to optimize a HSC mixture that used local materials. This systematic development revealed that heat curing the specimens in a water bath at 50℃ (122oF) after demolding and then dry curing at 200℃ (392oF) two days before testing with a w/c of 0.28 at 28-days produced the highest compressive strengths. Once an optimum HSC mixture was identified a partial replacement of the coarse aggregate with RCA was completed at 10%, 20%, and 30%. The results showed a loss in compressive strength with an increase in RCA replacement percentages, with the highest strength being approximately 93.0 MPa (13,484 psi) at 28-days for the 10% RCA replacement. The lowest strength obtained from an RCA-HSC mixture was approximately 72.9 (MPa) (10,576 psi) at 7-days. The compressive strengths obtained from the HSC mixtures containing RCA developed in this study are comparable to HSC strengths presented in the literature. Developing this innovative material with local materials and RCA ultimately produces a novel sustainable construction material, reduces the costs, and produces mechanical performance similar to prepackaged, commercially, available construction building materials.

Different Curing Systems on Mechanical Properties of Ultra-High Performance Concrete with Coarse Aggregate

High durability and high tensile strength makes ultra-high performance concrete( UHPC) an ideal material for bridges,while its early shrinkage in the construction of cast-in-situ mass concrete leads structure crack-easily,which restricts the application of UHPC in deck system. Whether reasonable amount of coarse aggregate can influence the strength of UHPC and improve the shrinkage performance or reduce the cost is still in doubt. Besides,in order to improve its constructability and workability, whether autoclaved curing system of UHPC can be changed remains to be further researched. In response to these circumstances, a systematic experimental study on the strength of UHPC mixed with coarse aggregate in different ratios has been presented in this paper. The three curing systems,namely standard curing,180-200 ℃/1. 1 MPa autoclaved curing,and hot water curing were tested to reveal the relationship between UHPC's properties and curing systems,and the UHPC ' s microstructure was also preliminarily studied by scanning electron microscope( SEM). The experimental research can draw the following conclusions. Under the condition of the same mix ratio, autoclaved curing guarantees the highest compressive strength,followed by hot water curing and standard curing. The compressive strength of concrete increases with the temperature in the range of 25 to 90 ℃ hot water curing,and high temperature in precuring period can speed up the strength development of UHPC,but the sequence of precuring period does not obviously affect the results. In 90 ℃ hot water and autoclaved curing,the strength is over 150 MPa,and it has little relation with gravel ratio. While the value increases first and then decreases in a lower temperature curing with the increasing of gravel amount,even only about 80 MPa at room temperature. The strength increases moderately along with the increase of the curing age by standard curing,especially in the initial stage.

Effect of Pre-wetted Light-weight Aggregate on Internal RelativeHumidity and Autogenous Shrinkage of Concrete

This research indicates that the gradient of internal relative humidity （IRH） decreases rapidly within 7-day curing age in HPC. The amount of water imported by pre-wetted light-weight aggregate can regulate IRH of concrete. By importing a proper amount of water, the process of the decline of IRH can be delayed and the autogenous shrinkage can be reduced. The relationship among the amount of water imported by pre- wetted lightweight aggregate, IRH and AS was established. The result provides a new method of reducing early AS and enhancing early cracking resistance of HPC.

Engineering properties of sintered waste sludge as lightweight aggregate in a densified concrete mixture

The global trend towards carbon reduction,energy conservation,and sustainable use of resources has led to an increased focus on the use of waste sludge in construction.We used waste sludge from a reservoir to produce high-strength sintered lightweight aggregate,and then used the densified mixture design algorithm to create high-performance concrete from the sintered aggregate with only small amounts of mixing water and cement.Ultrasonic,electrical resistance and concrete strength efficiency tests were performed in accordance with ASTM(American Society for Testing and Materials)standards.In addition to the high workability,high quality and strengths of up to 10 000 Mpa,it was found that this concrete does not require special care. The results show that if both the quality and quantity of hydraulic grout are appropriate,the concrete has excellent fresh properties as well as ideal engineering properties.

The Effect of Various Polynaphthalene Sulfonate Based Superplasticizers on the Workability of Reactive Powder Concrete

A superplasticizer is a type of chemical admixture used to alter the workability(viscosity)of fresh concrete.The workability of fresh concrete is often of particular importance when the water-to-cement(w/c)ratio is low and a particular workability is desired.Reactive Powder Concrete(RPC)is a high-strength concrete formulated to provide compressive strengths exceeding 130MPa and made of primarily powders.RPC materials typically have a very low w/c,which requires the use of a chemical admixture in order to create a material that is easier to place,handle and consolidate.Superplasticizer are commonly used for this purpose.Superplasticizers are developed from different formulations,the most common being Polycarboxylate Ether(PCE),Polymelamine Sulfonate(PMS),and Polynaphthalene Sulfonate(PNS).This study investigates the effect of various PNS based superplasticizers on the rheological performance and mechanical(compressive strength)performance of a RPC mixture.Six distinctive types of PNS based superplasticizers were used;three of various compositional strengths(high,medium,low range)from a local provider,and three of the same compositional strengths(high,medium,low)from a leading manufacturer.The properties investigated were the individual superplasticizers’viscosity,the concrete workability,determined through a mortar spread test,the concrete viscosity,and the compressive strength of the hardened RPC mixtures measured at 7,14,and 28 days.Two separate RPC mixtures were prepared,which contained two different water-to-cementitious ratios,which consequently increases the dosage of superplasticizer needed,from 34.8L/m3 to 44.7L/m3.The results show that the name brand high range composition produced the overall highest spread,lowest viscosity,and a highest compressive performance.However,the local provider outperformed the name brand in the mid and low range compositions.Lastly,the rheology assessment also confirmed that the name brand high range,and RPC fabricated with the name brand high range,developed the lowest viscosities.

粗集料对超高强混凝土徐变的影响

徐变是混凝土固有的时变特性,对混凝土结构和构件的受力及长期服役性能有着重大影响。以粗集料为切入点,研究粗集料的掺量、粗集料最大粒径以及粗集料与基体性质协调性等因素对超高强混凝土的力学性能和徐变性能的影响。结果表明:掺粗集料的超高强混凝土徐变明显小于不掺粗集料的混凝土,掺粗集料可有效降低超高强混凝土的徐变,但减小粗集料的最大粒径对徐变无明显抑制效果。此外,超高强混凝土并非强度越高徐变越小,其徐变的大小主要受超高强混凝土强度与弹性模量的协同发展程度的影响。通过修正FIB MC2010模型,建立了适用于超高强混凝土的徐变预测模型。

基于声发射技术的高强全珊瑚钢筋混凝土板破坏特性研究

为了探究全珊瑚钢筋混凝土板破坏特性,设计了3种不同配筋率(0.85%、1.13%和1.41%)的高强全珊瑚钢筋混凝土板构件.结合声发射技术,开展了全珊瑚混凝土板构件四点弯曲加载试验,揭示了配筋率对高强全珊瑚钢筋混凝土板力学性能的影响.基于声发射参数速率过程理论,建立了损伤定量评估模型,并进一步提出了可用于工程实践的损伤评估准则.结果表明:随配筋率增大,高强全珊瑚混凝土板构件起裂荷载、起裂时间与峰值荷载均增大,但中心挠度降低了11.29%;单位时间声发射参数变化均存在2个峰值区,可作为板构件的起裂评判和破坏预兆;根据声发射参数累计值变化可将高强全珊瑚混凝土板构件破坏过程划分为轻度(<0.35)、中度(0.35~0.66)、高度(0.66~0.84)和重度(>0.84)损伤4个程度.所建立模型适用于不同配筋率的全珊瑚混凝土板构件损伤评估.

双掺陶粒轻质高强混凝土的力学及耐久性能试验研究

通过在混凝土中掺入黏土陶粒和页岩陶粒,使其具备较高强度的同时具有较低的干表观密度和较好的耐久性能,旨在探索制备28 d干表观密度不大于1950 kg/m3、28 d强度不小于50 MPa的轻质高强混凝土(Lightweight High-Strength Concrete,缩写:LWHSC)的方法。同时研究了黏土陶粒和页岩陶粒双掺对轻质高强混凝土抗压强度、干表观密度和耐久性的影响。结果表明,所制备的LWHSC的抗压强度试件破坏形态无异于普通混凝土,但使用黏土陶粒部分替代页岩陶粒可有效降低LWHSC干表观密度;适当增加胶凝材料用量并辅以优化陶粒的双掺比例,对除抗冻性以外的其它耐久性能具有一定的改善作用。研究成果可为认识、优化和开发页岩陶粒和黏土陶粒双掺LWHSC及其在工程中的应用提供参考。

不同纤维对高强轻骨料混凝土力学性能影响及微观机理研究

为改善高强轻骨料混凝土的力学性能和弯曲韧性,研究了玄武岩纤维、细聚乙烯醇纤维、仿钢纤维、聚丙烯纤维和粗聚乙烯醇纤维的掺入对高强轻骨料混凝土抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度和抗弯强度的影响规律。通过4点弯曲试验获取荷载-挠度曲线,基于韧性指标对比分析了5种纤维对高强轻骨料混凝土弯曲韧性的影响。通过扫描电子显微镜观察纤维破坏前后的表面微观形貌,阐释了不同纤维的增强增韧机理。研究结果表明:掺入纤维对高强轻骨料混凝土的力学性能均有提升,主要提升高强轻骨料混凝土的抗拉性能和弯曲韧性。粗聚乙烯醇纤维提升劈裂抗拉强度和抗弯强度程度最大,分别提高了83%和220%,使高强轻骨料混凝土破坏由脆性转为高延性。纤维对高强轻骨料混凝土抗拉性能和韧性的提升与纤维表面损伤程度成正比。

碳纤维轻骨料混凝土高温后动态压缩性能研究

目前针对碳纤维轻骨料混凝土在高温作用后的力学性能研究匮乏,考虑到火灾伴随的冲击和爆炸荷载对结构的破坏,采用直径74 mm的分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)装置,对轻骨料混凝土(LWAC)进行了动态压缩试验,研究了温度和碳纤维含量对LWAC动态压缩性能的影响,并通过SEM扫描电镜揭示了高温对LWAC微观结构的影响。结果表明:碳纤维掺量的增加提高了LWAC的静态抗压强度,而高温对其静态抗压强度具有劣化作用,纤维的掺入能够在一定程度上阻止高温强度劣化。LWAC的应力-应变曲线随着温度的升高趋于扁平,动态抗压强度降低而峰值应变和极限应变增大,动态抗压强度、峰值应变和极限应变随着碳纤维掺量的增加均出现先增大后减小的趋势。不同温度作用和碳纤维掺量下LWAC试样的DIF随应变率的增加呈线性增加,普通LWAC试件比碳纤维LWAC试样的速率敏感性更高。高温最初改善了LWAC的内部微观结构,但随着温度持续升高,试样内部微观结构严重劣化。

高强高保坍钢管拱机制砂自密实混凝土配制技术

根据重庆某钢管拱桥结构特征与“泵送顶升压注法”施工工艺特点,提出了高强高保坍钢管拱机制砂自密实混凝土性能需求。针对高强与超高工作性的矛盾问题,通过配合比参数优化、骨料优化、矿物掺合料复掺优化、外加剂复配优化和配合比综合优化等技术,配制出初始坍落度≥260 mm、扩展度≥600 mm、倒坍落度筒流出时间≤8 s、4 h工作性基本无损失、强度等级达C60以上的钢管拱机制砂自密实混凝土,形成了高强高保坍钢管拱机制砂自密实混凝土的配制技术,为工程实际施工提供了良好的技术支撑。

基于GA-BP神经网络的粗骨料UHPC的抗压强度预测

为实现对粗骨料UHPC的抗压强度的预测和配合比设计方法的优化,搜集了国内外文献中168组粗骨料UHPC配合比和标准养护28 d抗压强度实测值,给出了各材料组分和抗压强度频数分布,并基于灰色关联分析法分析了各材料组分与抗压强度的关联关系,通过神经网络参数分析,建立了基于遗传算法的前馈神经网络,相比普通的BP神经网络具有更好的预测精度和泛化能力。最后基于建立的GA-BP神经网络给出了不同强度等级粗骨料UHPC配合比设计中粗骨料/胶凝材料、钢纤维体积掺量、砂胶比的建议取值范围。

混杂纤维高强轻骨料混凝土单轴受压试验研究

为了改善高强轻骨料混凝土(HSLC)的脆性破坏特征,采用钢纤维(SF)和聚丙烯纤维(PF)对HSLC进行增强,通过单轴受压试验研究两种纤维对HSLC单轴受压性能的影响。结果表明:SF和PF的体积掺量分别为2.0%和0.2%时具有最优的混杂效应,应力-应变曲线拐点处应力和收敛点处应变较单掺SF时分别提高了10.0%和56.5%,较单掺PF时分别提高了99.1%和150%;混杂纤维使HSLC的峰值应力、峰值应变和弹性模量最高分别提升了19.0%、1.20%和16.9%。最后,基于试验数据,提出了考虑两种纤维混杂效应的峰值应力、峰值应变和弹性模量的计算公式,建立了双参数混杂纤维增强HSLC的单轴受压本构模型,并且其与试验曲线吻合较好。该研究结果可为纤维增强HSLC的结构设计提供理论参考。

硅灰和骨料对混凝土耐高温性能的影响

混凝土暴露在高温下,其组成材料经历不同的体积变化与损伤时就会产生裂纹使得耐久性能与力学性能降低,胶凝材料与粗骨料在其中起着重要作用。在此对比掺入10%硅灰和采用碎石、页岩陶粒对混凝土高温后强度损失的影响与形貌变化。高温后持续荷载下的徐变至关重要,所以还对比了不同骨料类型与荷载对混凝土徐变的影响。结果表明:400℃后混凝土强度明显下降,硅灰的掺入增大了强度降幅。轻骨料混凝土的残余抗压强度在高温下远高于常规混凝土,且内部由于热膨胀应力的缓解出现了较少的裂缝。当施加恒载时,500℃以下轻骨料混凝土变形大,超过500℃,普通混凝土变形高于轻骨料混凝土。

不同岩性骨料对高强泵送混凝土性能影响研究

为研究不同岩性粗骨料对高强泵送混凝土性能的影响,利用片麻岩、石灰岩、玄武岩和辉绿岩4种岩性粗骨料配制了C70和C902种强度等级混凝土,并开展了对比试验研究。结果表明,4种岩性骨料在试验配合比下均能保持良好的工作状态;混凝土的力学强度和体积稳定性与骨料吸水率有关,吸水率越高,混凝土的力学强度越低,干燥收缩性越大;C90孔径分布范围较C70小,辉绿岩和玄武岩混凝土孔径主要分布在5~10 nm,片麻岩和石灰岩混凝土孔径主要分布在10~100 nm;辉绿岩骨料相比其他3种骨料,混凝土浆体的连续性和致密性更好。

石粉含量对机制砂高强混凝土性能影响的研究现状

在机制砂的生产过程中,石粉是不可避免的附加产物,而且不同的石粉含量会给混凝土的性能带来不同的变化。机制砂高强混凝土具有高强度、高工作性和高耐久性的特点,石粉对其性能的影响已然成为研究热点之一。主要论述了不同的石粉含量对机制砂高强混凝土的工作性能、力学性能和耐久性能的影响,并对其影响的作用机理进行阐述。

DIC方法测量高温后轻骨料混凝土弹性模量应用研究

应用数字图像相关方法(DIC)测量轻骨料混凝土的弹性模量,同电阻应变片测量方法进行对比分析,研究DIC方法应用于测量混凝土弹性模量中的可行性,应用DIC方法研究不同纤维掺量及高温作用对玄武岩纤维轻骨料混凝土弹性模量的影响.结果表明:应用DIC方法测量轻骨料混凝土应力-应变曲线线性较好,且与电阻应变片测得结果相差不大,可应用于混凝土静力受压弹性模量试验.轻骨料混凝土中掺入玄武岩纤维可提高其弹性模量,且随纤维体积掺量的增加呈先增后减的变化趋势,体积掺量0.2%时弹性模量最大.随着温度的升高,弹性模量总体下降,温度不超过300℃时,玄武岩纤维性能未发生明显衰减,仍可增加轻骨料混凝土的弹性模量.