Analysis of High Yield and Efficiency Technique in Hybrid Rice Zhongzheyou No.1

To understand the high yield and efficiency technique in hybrid rice Zhongzheyou No. 1, we conducted the correlation analysis, regression analysis and path analysis of hybrid rice Zhongzheyou No. 1 based on the data of its ear, grain and weight at different yield levels. From this study, we put forward the high yield and efficiency technique in Zhongzheyou No. 1 .. on the basis of certain effective ear number, filled grains per ear should be mainly targeted with a consideration to 1 000-grain weight.

Breeding of National Authorized New Wheat Variety Shannong 116 and Supporting Cultivation Technical Measures for High Yield, High Quality and High Efficiency

Shannong 116 is a strong gluten,high yield and multi-resistance wheat variety bred by Shandong Agricultural University,which was approved by the State in 2021 and by Shandong Province in 2022.Shannong 116 combines the excellent characteristics of the female parent(strong gluten,disease resistance and early maturity)and the male parent(high yield,water saving and lodging resistance),with a plant height of 76.9 cm,compact plant type,orderly spike layer and good maturity performance,which is suitable for large-scale promotion and market order planting in Huanghuai wheat area.In this paper,the characteristics of Shannong 116 are analyzed,and cultivation technical measures for high yield,high quality and high efficiency are put forward,in order to provide a technical support for the popularization and application of the variety.

Effects of Postponing N Application on Metabolism,Absorption and Utilization of Nitrogen of Summer Maize in SuperHigh Yield Region

[Objective] The aim was to explore effects of application postponing of N fertilizer and the mechanism of yield increase in order to provide references for N fertilizer application in a rational way. [Method] In a super-high yielded region of summer maize, field experiment was conducted to research effects of N fertilizer postponing on key enzymes of N metabolism, yield of maize and N fertilizer use. [Result] After application of N fertilizer was postponed, NR, SPS and GS activities of ear-leaf of summer maize increased by 11.99%-34.87%, 8.25%-10.64% and 10.00%- 16.81% on the 28^th d of silking; content of soluble sugar in leaves enhanced signifi- cantly and accumulated nitrogen increased by 5.00%-9.74% in mature stage. The postponing fertilization of ＂30% of fertilizer in seedling stage＋30% of fertilizer in flare- opening stage＋40% of fertilizer in silking stage meets N demands of summer maize in late growth period. Compared with conventional fertilization, the maize yield, agro- nomic efficiency and use of N fertilizer all improved by 5.05%, 1.75 kg/kg and 6.87%, respectively, after application postponed. [Conclusion] Application postponing of N fertilizer maintains activity of NR, GS and SPS higher and coordinates metabolism of C and N in late growth period, to further improve yield of maize.

Study on High-yield and High-efficiency Cultivation Techniques of High Quality Potato Qingshu 9

Qingshu 9 was approved and formally named as a new potato variety by Qinghai Crop Variety Approval Committee in December 2006. It has outstanding features of high quality, high yield, drought resistance, and disease resistance. Hanzhong Institute of Agricultural Sciences introduced Qingshu 9 from Dingxi County in Gansu Province in 2010. Through years of experiments and demonstrations, the average yield of Qingshu can reach up to 53.14 t/hm^2 with the maximum yield to 63.77 t/hm^2.

Study on Matter Production and Population Photosynthetic Characteristics of High-yielding Spring Maize under Different Modes

In order to construct a good population structure, improve the light energy utilization ratio, and give a full play to the high-yielding potential of spring maize, the effects of maize variety, planting density and fertilizer management on matter production and population photosynthetic physiological indices of spring maize were investigated under three different modes （traditional mode, optimized mode and high- yielding mode）. The results showed that compared with those under the traditional mode, the yield of spring maize under the optimized mode and high-yielding mode was increased by 10.79% and 27.62%, respectively, and the barren tip length was reduced significantly. Among the three modes, the leaf area index （LA/）, leaf area duration （LAD）, dry matter accumulation （DMA） and crop growth rate （CGR） all ranked as high-yielding rnode＇s〉optimized mode＇s〉traditional mode＇s. In conclusion, optimized variety, appropriately increased planting density and strengthened fertilizer management are the key measures to obtain high yield of spring maize.

Determining the rational layout parameters of the lateral high drainage roadway serving for two adjacent working faces

To determine the rational layout parameters of the lateral high drainage roadway(LHDR) serving for two adjacent working faces, a mechanical model of the LHDR under mining influence was established, and the overburden fissure, mining-induced stress distribution rules were analyzed. First, the development characteristics of mining-induced overburden fissure and the stress distribution law of the upper section of the working face were analyzed. Second, by analyzing the distribution law of vertical stress at different layers, the lateral distance of the LHDR was determined as 25 m. Third, by analyzing the surrounding rock deformation effect, stress distribution law, and overburden fissure distribution law of the LHDR at the heights of 20, 25, and 30 m away from the roof, the rational horizon of the LHDR was determined to be 25 m. Finally, an example of a LHDR located 25 m above the roof of the No. 2 coal seam and 25 m away from the No. 2-603 working face was presented. Results show that when the No. 2-603 coalface is being mined, the surrounding rocks lag 80 m or even further and the working face tends to be stable. The relative deformations of the roof and floor of the roadway and both of its walls were 583 and 450 mm,respectively. The reduction rate of the roadway section was 21.52%–25.32%. The section of the roadway was sufficient to extract the pressure relief gas in the overburden of the No. 2-605 working face. The average gas concentration and the pure volume at the branch pipeline were 24.8% and 22.3 m^3/min,respectively, showing that the position of high-level boreholes was reasonable.

High Yield and Efficient Cultivation Techniques of Rice under Rice- fish Intergrowth Model in Chengdu

The integrated planting and breeding of paddy fields is a kind of eco-planting and breeding mode which makes rice and aquatic animals benefit from each other,greatly reducing the harm of rice pests and diseases,using less or even no fertilizers or pesticides,greatly reducing the agricultural non-point source pollution,thus achieving the " multiple use of water,multiple harvests in one field,grain and fishing winwin,ecological and high efficient use. " In this paper,the high yield and efficient cultivation techniques of rice under the rice-fish intergrowth model in Chengdu was introduced from the aspects of selecting good paddy fields for fishing,using appropriate rice varieties,soaking disinfection,timely sowing and nurturing strong seedlings,reasonable close planting,reasonable fertilization,scientific water management,scientific pest control and rice harvests.

Growth traits and nitrogen assimilation-associated physiological parameters of wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) under low and high N conditions

In this study, 14 wheat cultivars with contrasting yield and N use efficiency （NUE） were used to investigate the agronomic and NUE-related traits, and the N assimilation-associated enzyme activities under low and high N conditions. Under deficient-N, the cultivars with high N uptake efficiency （UpE） and high N utilization efficiency （UtE） exhibited higher plant biomass, yields, and N contents than those with medium and low NUEs. The high UpE cultivars accumulated more N than other NUE type cultivars. Under sufficient-N, the tested cultivars showed similar patterns in biomass, yield, and N content to those under deficient-N, but the varietal variations in above traits were smaller. In addition, the high UpE cultivars displayed much more of root biomass and larger of root length, surface area, and volume than other NUE type cultivars, indicating that the root morphological traits under N deprivation are closely associated with the plant biomass through its improvement of the N acquisition. The high UtE cultivars showed higher activities of nitrate reductase （NR）, nitrite reductase （NIR）, and gluta- mine synthetase （GS） at stages of seediling, heading and filling than other NUE type cultivars under both low and high N conditions. Moreover, the high UpE and UtE cultivars also displayed higher photosynthetic rate under deficient-N than the medium and low NUE cultivars. Together, our results indicated that the tested wheat cultivars possess dramatically genetic variations in biomass, yield, and NUE. The root morphological traits and the N assimilation enzymatic acitivities play critical roles in regulating N accumulation and internal N translocation under the N-starvation stress, respectively. They can be used as morphological and biochemical references for evaluation of UpE and UtE in wheat.

Using irrigation intervals to optimize water-use efficiency and maize yield in Xinjiang,northwest China

Worldwide, scarce water resources and substantial food demands require efficient water use and high yield.This study investigated whether irrigation frequency can be used to adjust soil moisture to increase grain yield and water use efficiency(WUE) of high-yield maize under conditions of mulching and drip irrigation.A field experiment was conducted using three irrigation intervals in 2016: 6, 9, and 12 days(labeled D6, D9, and D12) and five irrigation intervals in 2017: 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 days(D3, D6, D9, D12, and D15).In Xinjiang, an optimal irrigation quota is 540 mm for high-yield maize.The D3, D6, D9, D12, and D15 irrigation intervals gave grain yields of 19.7, 19.1–21.0, 18.8–20.0, 18.2–19.2, and 17.2 Mg ha^-1 and a WUE of 2.48, 2.53–2.80, 2.47–2.63, 2.34–2.45, and 2.08 kg m-3, respectively.Treatment D6 led to the highest soil water storage, but evapotranspiration and soil-water evaporation were lower than other treatments.These results show that irrigation interval D6 can help maintain a favorable soil-moisture environment in the upper-60-cm soil layer, reduce soilwater evaporation and evapotranspiration, and produce the highest yield and WUE.In this arid region and in other regions with similar soil and climate conditions, a similar irrigation interval would thus be beneficial for adjusting soil moisture to increase maize yield and WUE under conditions of mulching and drip irrigation.

Selection efficiencies for improving drought/salt tolerances and yield using introgression breeding in rice(Oryza sativa L.)

The backcross(BC) breeding strategy has been increasingly used for developing high yielding varieties with improved abiotic stress tolerances in rice. In this study, 189Huang-Hua-Zhan(HHZ) introgression lines(ILs) developed from three different selection schemes were evaluated for yield related traits under drought stress and non-stress conditions in the target and off-season winter nursery environments to assess the selection efficiency of BC breeding for improving different complex traits, and led us to five important results. The first result indicated that the primary target traits should be selected first in the target environments(TEs) in order to achieve the maximum genetic gain. Secondly, BC breeding for drought tolerance(DT) in rice was almost equally effective by strong phenotypic selection in the main target environments and in the winter-season of Hainan.Thirdly, exploiting genetic diversity in the subspecific gene pools is of great importance for future genetic improvement of complex traits in rice. Fourthly, considerable genetic gain can be effectively achieved by selection for secondary target traits among the ILs with the primary traits. Finally, the developed ILs provide useful materials for future genetic/genomic dissection and molecular breeding of complex traits.

Correlation,Regression and Path Analysis between Yield Traits and Yield of Yongyou No.9

[Objective] The research aimed to understand the high and efficiency technique in intersubspecific hybrid rice Yongyou No.9.[Method] We conducted the correlation analysis,regression analysis and path analysis of intersubspecific hybrid rice Yongyou No.9 based on the data of its ear,grain and weight at different yield levels.[Result]The performance of ear,grain and weight in Yongyou No.9 showed significant difference among different yield levels.The enhancement of effective ears would restrain the number of per ear total grains.It was found that the direct contributions of main economic traits to yield were determined to be per ear total grainseffective earseed setting rate1 000-grain weight.[Conclusion]The high-yield and effective cultivation techniques were suggested as follows：on the basis of certain effective ear number,grain number per ear should be mainly focused with a consideration to 1 000-grain weight.

Mode-I-crack compression modeling and numerical simulation for evaluation of in-situ stress around advancing coal workfaces

The relatively high stress probably leads to generation of a fractured or even instable area around a working coalface. Also, the generated weak area often evolves into an easy-infiltrating field of water/gas to greatly increase probability of accident occurrence. To reveal the distribution of high stress around working faces, we put forward the mode-I-crack compression model. In this model, the goaf following a working face is regarded as a mode-I crack in an infinite plate, and the self-gravity of overlaying strata is transformed into an uniform pressure applied normal to the upper edge of the model crack. Solving this problem is based on the Westergaard complex stress function. For comparison, the software RFPA-2D is also employed to simulate the same mining problem, and furthermore extendedly to calculate the stress interference induced by the simultaneous advances of two different working faces. The results show that, the area close to a working face or the goaf tail has the maximum stress, and the stress is distributed directly proportional to the square root of the advance and inversely proportional to the square root of the distance to the working face. The simultaneous advances of two neighboring working faces in different horizontals can lead to extremely high resultant stress in an interference area.

Effects of Transplanting Methods on the Quality and Yield of Angelica sinensis in Huzhu County

In order to study the effects of transplanting methods on the quality and yield of Angelica sinensis,the average fresh taproot diameter,length,weight and actual yield of the experimental plot were measured through the planting experiment of A.sinensis under the same geographical environment and different cultivation methods during 2019-2020.The results show that the quality and yield of A.sinensis in inter-film cultivation were better than that of film-in-film cultivation,and it is more conducive to improving the economic income of the majority of growers from medicinal material cultivation.

New measurement of thick target yield for narrow resonance at Ex= 9.17 MeV in the 13C（p, γ）14N reaction

High energy γ-rays can be used in many fields, such as nuclear waste transmutation, flash photographics, and astrophysics. The13 C(p, γ)14 N resonance reaction was used to generate high energy and mono-energetic γ-rays in this work. The thick-target yield of the 9.17-MeV γ-ray from the resonance in this reaction was determined to be(4.7±0.4)×10-9γ/proton,which was measured by a HPGe detector. Meanwhile, the angular distribution of 9.17-MeV γ-ray was also determined.The absolute efficiency of HPGe detector was calibrated using56 Co and152 Eu sources with known radioactive activities and calculated by GEANT4 simulation.

巷道破底工作面机头收煤装置设计

为解决当前巷道破底工作面漏煤问题,通过对现有设备的结构特点及存在的问题进行分析,设计出一种巷道破底工作面机头收煤装置。该装置不仅可以有效地收集漏落的煤块,而且还可以提供采煤机维修操作空间,有效改善井下工人的工作环境,降低安全隐患,使得智能化工作面快速推进,从而为煤矿高产、高效提供有力支持。

高光效甘薯品种浙薯86的选育、产量与品质特征

塑造理想株型是实现作物产量突破和高光效育种的基础和重要途径。采用半直立、优质双亲——淀粉型品种浙薯20和食用型地方品种岳冬进行杂交选育,以理想株型、高产、优质为主要选择目标,育成高光效品种浙薯86。该品种具有理想株型的形态特征,短蔓,基部分枝数多,由较多的直立次生分枝构成半直立株型,垄上株高优势明显,形成较高的冠层空间,叶面积指数高,七裂中等深缺刻叶形,叶片较小而厚,上部叶茎叶夹角小,叶势上冲明显,单株结薯数较多,光合效率和经济系数高,表现出优良的早熟性和丰产性。在浙江省和长江中下游甘薯品种区试中,浙薯86每年的鲜薯产量均居所有参试品种之首,鲜薯、薯干和淀粉产量均比对照徐薯22增产30%左右。浙薯86的块根β-淀粉酶活性高,蒸熟后麦芽糖和可溶性糖含量高,食味优,淀粉率较高,且淀粉的峰值黏度、崩解值和回生值高,糊化温度低,适合用于鲜食、薯脯和淀粉加工。浙薯86适应性广,抗蔓割病,中抗黑斑病、根腐病、Ⅱ型薯瘟病,感茎线虫病、Ⅰ型薯瘟病和基腐病。综上,浙薯86是一个优质、高产、多用途的高光效甘薯品种,适宜在长江中下游地区种植,不宜在浙东南基腐病重疫区推广。

“贵妃”枇杷高产高效栽培技术

“贵妃”枇杷是福建省农业科学院果树研究所通过实生选种选育出的白肉枇杷新品种,2014年6月30日通过全国热带作物品种审定委员会审定。近年来在福建、四川、重庆、广东等地引种示范,取得了良好效果。为了更好地促进福建枇杷品种结构调整、品质提升和枇杷产业的可持续发展,本文从肥水管理、生草栽培、树体管理、花果管理和病虫害防治等方面介绍了“贵妃”枇杷高产高效栽培技术。

综采面坚硬顶板超深孔预裂爆破远场解危控制技术

工程实践表明,顶板事故在煤矿各类事故中占首要位置,已严重制约了我国现代化矿井安全高效开采。为了实现煤矿综采面坚硬顶板的安全治理,亟需形成综采面坚硬顶板超深孔预裂爆破远场解危控制技术以有效解决因工作面大空间坚硬顶板垮落而影响安全生产的重大难题。基于此,通过自主创新和联合攻关,面向深部矿井坚硬顶板,开展了综采面坚硬顶板超深孔预裂爆破远场解危技术研究;研发了高威力三级煤矿许用水胶炸药、填塞材料等技术与装备,形成了成熟的深孔爆破工艺,突破了厚硬顶板爆破中煤矿许用炸药威力与安全度的矛盾,解决了超深孔爆破中炸药可靠起爆等技术瓶颈问题;通过构建大空间采场覆岩-支架-围岩系统力学模型,揭示了采场大小周期来压及强矿压作用机理,提出了大空间采场厚硬覆岩多层位精准定位爆破弱化控制原理和基于爆破损伤的综采工作面厚硬顶板深孔爆破参数设计方法,形成了综采工作面厚硬顶板超前深孔卸压控制技术。研究成果在全国近百个综采面进行工程应用,未发生一起顶板事故,避免了综采面厚硬顶板发生压架、形成飓风、矿震等重大安全事故的风险,保障了综采面的安全高效生产,为综采面坚硬顶板远场解危的设计提供了理论依据并为现场施工提供了指导作用。

高密度栽培条件下灌水量对河西灌区玉米群体质量及水分利用效率的影响

提高种植密度是玉米产量持续增长的重要措施,探讨高密度栽培下的合理灌溉定额对保障玉米高产及水资源可持续利用具有重要意义。2023年4—10月在河西灌区张掖节水农业试验站开展田间试验,研究高密度栽培条件下不同灌水量(270.0、390.0、510.0、630.0 mm)对玉米群体质量、产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,随着灌水量的增加,玉米的干物质量、产量呈增加趋势,高灌水量(630.0 mm)下的干物质量和产量均最高,中等灌水量(510.0 mm)下干物质量、产量分别高达32013.36、16000.31 kg/hm2,仅比高灌水量处理分别低2.89%、3.13%,而在390.0、270.0 mm灌水量下显著降低。各处理的光合势、生长速率随生育进程的推进先增加后降低,其中吐丝期后20 d达到最大,且随灌水量增加而增大;吐丝期后20 d至灌浆中期,510.0、390.0 mm灌水量下的光合势下降幅度为0.38%、2.40%,生长速率下降幅度为26.16%、30.19%,均低于高灌水量处理和低灌水量(270.0 mm)处理。玉米水分利用效率随灌水量、耗水量增加先上升后下降,390.0、510.0 mm灌水量处理下水分利用效率分别为26.21、25.14 kg/(hm2·mm),差异不显著;而产量最高的高灌水量处理及耗水量最低的低灌水量处理仅为22.77、23.98 kg/(hm2·mm),均低于390.0、510.0 mm灌水量处理。综合考虑玉米产量与水分利用效率等指标,在种植密度为11.70万株/hm2条件下,510.0 mm为玉米生育期适宜灌水量,可实现增产节水目标。

医疗机构采购岗位廉政建设工作质效认可度分析

目的 探讨如何约束医疗机构廉洁风险防控领域采购重点岗位人员行为,全力预防和减少腐败行为的发生。方法 通过营造廉洁教育环境、加强专业技能培训、规范接待来访人员管理三方面加强医院廉政建设,采用问卷形式对医院采购业务关联人员开展全面调查,运用SPSS 19.0统计学软件进行统计学分析。结果 医院采购业务关联人员对于廉政风险防控系列举措质效整体评价分值为(4.87±0.38)分;不同部门、年龄、工作年限对廉政风险防控系列举措质效认可度影响差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);财务纪检审计分值为(4.53±0.45)分、临床医技及研究机构分值为(4.72±0.46)分,低于部门整体均值(4.79±0.16)分;年龄> 45~55岁及> 55岁分值分别为(4.76±0.44)分、(4.65±0.45)分,低于各年龄段整体均值(4.79±0.09)分;工作年限> 15年分值为(4.77±0.43)分,低于工作年限整体均值(4.83±0.04)分。超过50%的调查对象认为廉政风险防控能力的提升需从持续加强营造廉洁教育环境方面入手。结论 通过三方面措施确实可以有效提高医院廉政风险防控能力;通过分析不同属性人员对廉政建设工作质效认可度差异及调查对象对廉政建设具体措施建议,可以为进一步提高廉政风险防控能力明确方向,为医疗机构健康、有序高质量发展保驾护航。