Flexible,high-density,laminated ECoG electrode array for high spatiotemporal resolution foci diagnostic localization of refractory epilepsy

High spatiotemporal resolution brain electrical signals are critical for basic neuroscience research and high-precision focus diagnostic localization,as the spatial scale of some pathologic signals is at the submillimeter or micrometer level.This entails connecting hundreds or thousands of electrode wires on a limited surface.This study reported a class of flexible,ultrathin,highdensity electrocorticogram(ECoG)electrode arrays.The challenge of a large number of wiring arrangements was overcome by a laminated structure design and processing technology improvement.The flexible,ultrathin,high-density ECoG electrode array was conformably attached to the cortex for reliable,high spatial resolution electrophysiologic recordings.The minimum spacing between electrodes was 15μm,comparable to the diameter of a single neuron.Eight hundred electrodes were prepared with an electrode density of 4444 mm^(-2).In focal epilepsy surgery,the flexible,high-density,laminated ECoG electrode array with 36 electrodes was applied to collect epileptic spike waves inrabbits,improving the positioning accuracy of epilepsy lesions from the centimeter to the submillimeter level.The flexible,high-density,laminated ECoG electrode array has potential clinical applications in intractable epilepsy and other neurologic diseases requiring high-precision electroencephalogram acquisition.

Synthesizing high-resolution satellite salinity data based on multi-fractal fusion

The spaceborne platform has unprecedently provided the global eddy-permitting(typically about 0.25°)products of sea surface salinity(SSS),however the existing SSS products can hardly resolve mesoscale motions due to the heavy noises therein and the over-smoothing in denoising processes.By means of the multi-fractal fusion(MFF),the high-resolution SSS product is synthesized with the template of sea surface temperature(SST).Two low-resolution SSS products and four SST products are considered as the source data and the templates respectively to determine the best combination.The fused products are validated by the in situ observations and intercompared via SSS maps,Singularity Exponent maps and wavenumber spectra.The results demonstrate that the MFF can perform a good work in mitigating the noises and improving the resolution.The combination of the climate change initiative SSS and the remote sensing system SST can produce the 0.1°denoised product whose global mean standard derivation of salinity against Argo is 0.21 and the feature resolution can reach 30−40 km.

The environmental analysis and site selection of mussel and large yellow croaker aquaculture areas based on high resolution remote sensing

Mussel aquaculture and large yellow croaker aquaculture areas and their environmental characteristics in Zhoushan were analyzed using satellite data and in-situ surveys.A new two-step remote sensing method was proposed and applied to determine the basic environmental characteristics of the best mussel and large yellow croaker aquaculture areas.This methodology includes the first step of extraction of the location distribution and the second step of the extraction of internal environmental factors.The fishery ranching index(FRI1,FRI2)was established to extract the mussel and the large yellow croaker aquaculture area in Zhoushan,using Gaofen-1(GF-1)and Gaofen-6(GF-6)satellite data with a special resolution of 2 m.In the second step,the environmental factors such as sea surface temperature(SST),chlorophyll a(Chl-a)concentration,current and tide,suspended sediment concentration(SSC)in mussel aquaculture area and large yellow croaker aquaculture area were extracted and analyzed in detail.The results show the following three points.(1)For the extraction of the mussel aquaculture area,FRI1 and FRI2 are complementary,and the combination of FRI1 and FRI2 is suitable to extract the mussel aquaculture area.As for the large yellow croaker aquaculture area extraction,FRI2 is suitable.(2)Mussel aquaculture and the large yellow croaker aquaculture area in Zhoushan are mainly located on the side near the islands that are away from the eastern open waters.The water environment factor template suitable for mussel and large yellow croaker aquaculture was determined.(3)This two-step remote sensing method can be used for the preliminary screening of potential site selection for the mussels and large yellow croaker aquaculture area in the future.the fishery ranching index(FRI1,FRI2)in this paper can be applied to extract the mussel and large yellow croaker aquaculture areas in coastal waters around the world.

Large-field objective lens for multi-wavelength microscopy at mesoscale and submicron resolution

Conventional microscopes designed for submicron resolution in biological research are hindered by a limited field of view,typically around 1 mm.This restriction poses a challenge when attempting to simultaneously analyze various parts of a sample,such as different brain areas.In addition,conventional objective lenses struggle to perform consistently across the required range of wavelengths for brain imaging in vivo.Here we present a novel mesoscopic objective lens with an impressive field of view of 8 mm,a numerical aperture of 0.5,and a working wavelength range from 400 to 1000 nm.We achieved a resolution of 0.74μm in fluorescent beads imaging.The versatility of this lens was further demonstrated through high-quality images of mouse brain and kidney sections in a wide-field imaging system,a confocal laser scanning system,and a two-photon imaging system.This mesoscopic objective lens holds immense promise for advancing multi-wavelength imaging of large fields of view at high resolution.

High-Resolution Remote Sensing Imagery for the Recognition of Traditional Villages

Traditional Chinese villages,vital carriers of traditional culture,have faced significant alterations due to urbanization in recent years,urgently necessitating artificial intelligence data updates.This study integrates high spatial resolution remote sensing imagery with deep learning techniques,proposing a novel method for identifying rooftops of traditional Chinese village buildings using high-definition remote sensing images.Using 0.54 m spatial resolution imagery of traditional village areas as the data source,this method analyzes the geometric and spectral image characteristics of village building rooftops.It constructs a deep learning feature sample library tailored to the target types.Employing a semantically enhanced version of the improved Mask R-CNN(Mask Region-based Convolutional Neural Network)for building recognition,the study conducts experiments on localized imagery from different regions.The results demonstrated that the modified Mask R-CNN effectively identifies traditional village building rooftops,achieving an of 0.7520 and an of 0.7400.It improves the current problem of misidentification and missed detection caused by feature heterogeneity.This method offers a viable and effective approach for industrialized data monitoring of traditional villages,contributing to their sustainable development.

Correg-Yolov3:a Method for Dense Buildings Detection in High-resolution Remote Sensing Images

The exploration of building detection plays an important role in urban planning,smart city and military.Aiming at the problem of high overlapping ratio of detection frames for dense building detection in high resolution remote sensing images,we present an effective YOLOv3 framework,corner regression-based YOLOv3(Correg-YOLOv3),to localize dense building accurately.This improved YOLOv3 algorithm establishes a vertex regression mechanism and an additional loss item about building vertex offsets relative to the center point of bounding box.By extending output dimensions,the trained model is able to output the rectangular bounding boxes and the building vertices meanwhile.Finally,we evaluate the performance of the Correg-YOLOv3 on our self-produced data set and provide a comparative analysis qualitatively and quantitatively.The experimental results achieve high performance in precision(96.45%),recall rate(95.75%),F1 score(96.10%)and average precision(98.05%),which were 2.73%,5.4%,4.1%and 4.73%higher than that of YOLOv3.Therefore,our proposed algorithm effectively tackles the problem of dense building detection in high resolution images.

Lightweight Multi-Resolution Network for Human Pose Estimation

Human pose estimation aims to localize the body joints from image or video data.With the development of deeplearning,pose estimation has become a hot research topic in the field of computer vision.In recent years,humanpose estimation has achieved great success in multiple fields such as animation and sports.However,to obtainaccurate positioning results,existing methods may suffer from large model sizes,a high number of parameters,and increased complexity,leading to high computing costs.In this paper,we propose a new lightweight featureencoder to construct a high-resolution network that reduces the number of parameters and lowers the computingcost.We also introduced a semantic enhancement module that improves global feature extraction and networkperformance by combining channel and spatial dimensions.Furthermore,we propose a dense connected spatialpyramid pooling module to compensate for the decrease in image resolution and information loss in the network.Finally,ourmethod effectively reduces the number of parameters and complexitywhile ensuring high performance.Extensive experiments show that our method achieves a competitive performance while dramatically reducing thenumber of parameters,and operational complexity.Specifically,our method can obtain 89.9%AP score on MPIIVAL,while the number of parameters and the complexity of operations were reduced by 41%and 36%,respectively.

Data processing of the Kuiyang-ST2000 deep-towed high-resolution multichannel seismic system and application to South China Sea data

The Kuiyang-ST2000 deep-towed high-resolution multichannel seismic system was designed by the First Institute of Oceanography,Ministry of Natural Resources(FIO,MNR).The system is mainly composed of a plasma spark source(source level:216 dB,main frequency:750 Hz,frequency bandwidth:150-1200 Hz)and a towed hydrophone streamer with 48 channels.Because the source and the towed hydrophone streamer are constantly moving according to the towing configuration,the accurate positioning of the towing hydrophone array and the moveout correction of deep-towed multichannel seismic data processing before imaging are challenging.Initially,according to the characteristics of the system and the towing streamer shape in deep water,travel-time positioning method was used to construct the hydrophone streamer shape,and the results were corrected by using the polynomial curve fitting method.Then,a new data-processing workflow for Kuiyang-ST2000 system data was introduced,mainly including float datum setting,residual static correction,phase-based moveout correction,which allows the imaging algorithms of conventional marine seismic data processing to extend to deep-towed seismic data.We successfully applied the Kuiyang-ST2000 system and methodology of data processing to a gas hydrate survey of the Qiongdongnan and Shenhu areas in the South China Sea,and the results show that the profile has very high vertical and lateral resolutions(0.5 m and 8 m,respectively),which can provide full and accurate details of gas hydrate-related and geohazard sedimentary and structural features in the South China Sea.

Earthquake-triggered landslide interpretation model of high resolution remote sensing imageries based on bag of visual word

Traditional visual interpretation is often inefficient due to its excessively workload professional knowledge and strong subjectivity.Therefore,building an automatic interpretation model on high spatial resolution remote sensing images is the key to the quick and efficient interpretation of earthquake-triggered landslides.Aiming at addressing this problem,a landslide interpretation model of high-resolution images based on bag of visual word(BoVW)feature was proposed.The high-resolution images were pre-processed,and then BoVW feature and support vector machine(SVM)was adopted to establish an automatic landslide interpretation model.This model was further compared with the currently widely used Histogram of Oriented Gradient(HoG)feature extraction model.In order to test the effectiveness of the method,typical landslide images were selected to construct a landslide sample library,which was subsequently utilized as the foundation for conducting an experimental study.The results show that the accuracy of landslide extraction using this method reaches as high as 89%,indicating that the method can be used for the automatic interpretation of landslides in disaster-prone areas,and has high practical value for regional disaster prevention and damage reduction.

A Cloud Framework for High Spatial Resolution Soil Moisture Mapping from Radar and Optical Satellite Imageries

Soil moisture plays an important role in crop yield estimation,irrigation management,etc.Remote sensing technology has potential for large-scale and high spatial soil moisture mapping.However,offline remote sensing data processing is time-consuming and resource-intensive,and significantly hampers the efficiency and timeliness of soil moisture mapping.Due to the high-speed computing capabilities of remote sensing cloud platforms,a High Spatial Resolution Soil Moisture Estimation Framework(HSRSMEF)based on the Google Earth Engine(GEE)platform was developed in this study.The functions of the HSRSMEF include research area and input datasets customization,radar speckle noise filtering,optical-radar image spatio-temporal matching,soil moisture retrieving,soil moisture visualization and exporting.This paper tested the performance of HSRSMEF by combining Sentinel-1,Sentinel-2 images and insitu soil moisture data in the central farmland area of Jilin Province,China.Reconstructed Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)based on the Savitzky-Golay algorithm conforms to the crop growth cycle,and its correlation with the original NDVI is about 0.99(P<0.001).The soil moisture accuracy of the random forest model(R 2=0.942,RMSE=0.013 m3/m3)is better than that of the water cloud model(R 2=0.334,RMSE=0.091 m3/m3).HSRSMEF transfers time-consuming offline operations to cloud computing platforms,achieving rapid and simplified high spatial resolution soil moisture mapping.

Perspective of Chinese GF-1 high-resolution satellite data in agricultural remote sensing monitoring

High-resolution satellite data have been playing an important role in agricultural remote sensing monitoring. However, the major data sources of high-resolution images are not owned by China. The cost of large scale use of high resolution imagery data becomes prohibitive. In pace of the launch of the Chinese ＂High Resolution Earth Observation Systems＂, China is able to receive superb high-resolution remotely sensed images （GF series） that equalizes or even surpasses foreign similar satellites in respect of spatial resolution, scanning width and revisit period. This paper provides a perspective of using high resolution remote sensing data from satellite GF-1 for agriculture monitoring. It also assesses the applicability of GF-1 data for agricultural monitoring, and identifies potential applications from regional to national scales. GF-1＇s high resolution （i.e., 2 m/8 m）, high revisit cycle （i.e., 4 days）, and its visible and near-infrared （VNIR） spectral bands enable a continuous, efficient and effective agricultural dynamics monitoring. Thus, it has gradually substituted the foreign data sources for mapping crop planting areas, monitoring crop growth, estimating crop yield, monitoring natural disasters, and supporting precision and facility agriculture in China agricultural remote sensing monitoring system （CHARMS）. However, it is still at the initial stage of GF-1 data application in agricultural remote sensing monitoring. Advanced algorithms for estimating agronomic parameters and soil quality with GF-1 data need to be further investigated, especially for improving the performance of remote sensing monitoring in the fragmented landscapes. In addition, the thematic product series in terms of land cover, crop allocation, crop growth and production are required to be developed in association with other data sources at multiple spatial scales. Despite the advantages, the issues such as low spectrum resolution and image distortion associated with high spatial resolution and wide swath width, might pose challenges for GF-1 data applications and need to be addressed in future agricultural monitoring.

Quantification of trace amounts of impurities in high purity cobalt by high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

A An analytical method using high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （HR-ICP-MS） for rapid simultaneous determination of 24 elements （Be, Mg, A1, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn Sb, Ba, Pt, Au, and Pb） in high purity cobalt was described. Sample digestions were performed in closed microwave vessels using HNO3 and HCI. The matrix effects because of the presence of excess HCI and Co were evaluated. The usefulness of high mass resolution for overcoming some spectral interference was demonstrated. The optimum conditions for the determination were tested and discussed. The standard addition method was employed for quantitative analysis. The detection limits were 0.016-1.50 ].tg·g^-1, the recovery ratios were 92.2%-111.2%, and the RSD was less than 3.6%. The method was accurate, quick, and convenient. It was applied to the determination of trace impurities in high purity cobalt with satisfactory results.

Determination of trace elements in high purity nickel by high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

The contents ofMg, Al, Si, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Ga, As, Se, Cd, Sb, Pb and Bi in high purity nickel were determined by high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （HR-ICP-MS）. The sample was dissolved in HNO3 and HCI by microwave digestion. Most of the spectral interferences could be avoided by measuring in the high resolution mode. The matrix effects because of the presence of excess HC1 and nickel were evaluated. Correction for matrix effects was made using Sc, Rh and T1 as internal standards. The optimum conditions for the determination were tested and discussed. The detection limits range from 0.012 to 1.76 ~tg/g depending on the type of elements. The applicability of the proposed method is also validated by the analysis of high purity nickel reference material （NIST SRM 671）. The relative standard deviation （RSD） is less than 3.3%. Results for determination of trace elements in high purity nickel were presented.

A 23.75-GHz frequency comb with two low-finesse filtering cavities in series for high resolution spectroscopy

A laser frequency comb with several tens GHz level is demonstrated,based on a Yb-doped femtosecond fiber laser and two low-finesse Fabry-Perot cavities（FPCs） in series.The original 250-MHz mode-line-spacing of the source comb is filtered to 4.75 GHz and 23.75 GHz,respectively.According to the multi-beam interferences theory of FPC,the side-mode suppression rate of FPC schemes is in good agreement with our own theoretical results from 27 dB of a single FPC to43 dB of paired FPCs.To maintain long-term stable operation and determine the absolute frequency mode number in the23.75-GHz comb,the Pound-Drever-Hall（PDH） locking technology is utilized.Such stable tens GHz frequency combs have important applications in calibrating astronomical spectrographs with high resolution.

Quantification of Trace Amounts of Impurities in High Purity Cobalt by High Resolution Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

An analytical method using high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （HR-ICP-MS） for rapid simultaneous determination of Be, Mg, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Ba, Pt, Au and Pb in high purity cobalt was described. Sample digestions were performed in closed microwave vessels using HNO3 and HCl. The matrix effects due to the presence of excess HCl and Co were evaluated. The usefulness of high mass resolution for overcoming some spectral interference was demonstrated. The optimum conditions for the determination was tested and discussed. Correction for matrix effects, Sc, Rh and Bi were used as internal standards. The detection limits is 0.003-0.57 μg/g, the recovery ratio is 92.2%-111.2%, and the RSD is less than 3.6%. The method is accurate, quick and convenient. It has been applied to the determination of trace impurities in high purity cobalt with satisfactory results.

Areal density and spatial resolution of high energy electron radiography

Ultrafast imaging tools are of great importance for determining the dynamic density distribution in high energy density(HED)matter.In this work,we designed a high energy electron radiography(HEER)system based on a linear electron accelerator to evaluate its capability for imaging HED matter.40 MeV electron beams were used to image an aluminum target to study the density resolution and spatial resolution of HEER.The results demonstrate a spatial resolution of tens of micrometers.The interaction of the beams with the target and the beam transport of the transmitted electrons are further simulated with EGS5 and PARMELA codes,with the results showing good agreement with the experimental resolution.Furthermore,the experiment can be improved by adding an aperture at the Fourier plane.

Study on the genesis of karstic collapse column and characteristics of high resolution seismic data in one coal field

On the standpoint of the disaster prevention from water inrush,discussed the genesis and geologic condition of karstic collapse column in one coal field,analyzed the geophysical characteristics of karstic collapse column by using high resolution 3D seismic data.It shows the effective result of the technology of high resolution 3D seismic pros- pecting in the exploration of the karstic collapse column,and presents some prediction methods and prevention measures.

Direct Determination of Trace Impurities in High Purity Zinc Oxide by High Resolution Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

The determination of trace impurities in high purity zinc oxide by high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （ HR-ICP-MS ） was investigated. To overcome some poteutially problematic spectral iuterference, measurements were acquired in both middle and high resolution modes. The matrix effects due to the presence of excess HCl and zinc were evaluated. The optimum conditions for the determination were tested and discussed. The standard addition method was employed for quantitative analysis. The detection limits ranged from 0.02μg/ g to 6 μg/ g depending on the elements. The experimental resalts for the determination of Na, Mg, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Mo, Cd, Sb and Pb in several high purity zinc oxide powders were presented.

Detection with High Resolution Radar: Advanced Topics & Potential Applications

In a previous companion paper [1], the potential advantages of high resolution radar for improved target detection were introduced. In particular, the concept of shaping both the transmitted waveform and the receiving processor in accordance to the expected target down-range profile was highlighted and performance predictions were provided. In this paper, we present and evaluate an adaptive scheme devised to on-line estimate the target profile, in order to overcome a limited a-priori knowledge. In addition, we introduce a more general model of target impulse response, based on a statistical description, and we discuss the corresponding processing scheme and detection performance.

A DETECTION METHOD OF HIGH RESOLUTION RADAR TARGETS BASED ON POSITION CORRELATION

This paper studies a detection method of targets of high resolution radar operating at the band of millimeter-wave(32-38GHz) under the background of the clutters, and proposes a new nonparametric detection method, which not only does less computation, but also is able to detect multiple extended targets radially distributed along distance "corridor", based on the position (range) correlation information of one-dimensional range images(or called range profiles) of high resolution radar targets. The experimental results, on the real echo data of tank illuminated by the millimeter-wave stepped frequency high resolution radar, have certified that such a method presented in this paper is a very effective detection method for multiple extended targets.