On the analysis of the high-resolution sequence stratigraphy and coal accumulating law of jurassic in Ordos Basin

The strata of Jurassic was divided into three tectonic sequences and eight se- quences of third rank,according to the developing feature of the tectonic inconformity and the transforming feature of the depositional system tracts.Also the identification and the division of the base-level cycle of different period were carried through.Therefore three cycles of super period,eight cycles of long period,twenty-four cycles of middle period and some cycles of short period were identified.From the overall character of the coal-accu- mulation in the Mesozoic,we can see that the Yan'an formation is of the best nature of coal bearing.When the coal bearing systems of Jurassic were depositing,the Ordos area is the coal accumulating basin of terrene of large scale and located in the same tectonic unit.But the local structure of different part and the paleolandform are different in the basin which resulted in the difference of the depositional environment.So the layer number and the distribution of the thickness of the coal beds are different in the different part of the ba- sin.The coal-accumulating action migrated regularly along with the development,evolve- ment and migration of the depositional systems.The layer numbers of the coal beds, which can be mined,are more in the north and west fringe of the basin,whose distributing area is extensive,and they are more steady in the landscape orientation,also the total thickness is great.Therefore the nature of coal bearing and the coal-accumulating action of different part changed obviously in the space in Ordos area.

Division of high resolution sequence stratigraphy units with wavelet transform of logs in Dagang Oilfield

Division of high resolution sequence stratigraphy units based on wavelet transform of logging data is found to be good at identifying subtle cycles of geological process in Kongnan area of Dagang Oilfield. The anal- ysis of multi-scales gyre of formation with 1-D continuous Dmey wavelet transform of log curve （GR） and I-D discrete Daubechies wavelet transform of log curve （Rt） all make the division of sequence interfaces more objec- tive and precise, which avoids the artificial influence with core analysis and the uncertainty with seismic data and core analysis.

Division and Correlation of Lacustrine Gravity Flow Reservoirs Based on High-Resolution Sequence Stratigraphic Analysis—Taking Oil Formation I of Lower Es3 in Wuhaozhuang Oilfield as an Example

The phase change of lacustrine gravity flow deposition is fast and complex. In its reservoir division and correlation, the isochronous problem is very important. Taking the oil formation I of Es3 in Wuhaozhuang oilfield as an example, through the analysis of stratigraphic drilling and logging data in the study area, according to the genetic types of different levels of base level cycle interfaces and the characteristics of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy, this paper subdivides the lacustrine gravity flow oil layer of lower Es3 in Wuhaozhuang Oilfield, divides it into four short-term base level cycle sequences, and establishes the high-resolution isochronous stratigraphic framework of this interval. It is found that the mid-term, short-term and ultra short-term base level cycles correspond to the oil formation, sand layer group and single layer in the oil layer correlation unit of the oilfield respectively. Based on this, the oil layer correlation unit of the interval is divided, and the sublayer correlation model is established according to the identification characteristics of the short-term base level cycle.

HIGH-RESOLUTION SEQUENCE DIVISION AND TRANSGRESSIVE EVENTS COAL FORMATIONIN SOUTHEASTERN NORTH CHINA EPICONTINENTAL BASIN

The sea level changes in the Paleozoic epicontinental basin were of high frequency and the transgressive events were episodic.This kind of sea level changes controlled both the basin filling and the coal accumulation within the basin.Coal accumulation in the transgressive process is one of the typical features of the North China epicontinental basin.High resolution sequence analysis to the Permo carboniferous coal series based on the core observation indicates that the epicontintental coal bearing succession can be divided into 1 tectonic sequence (the original type of basin filling), 3 supersequences, 12 third order sequences and about 48 parasequences.The third order sequences are of dual configuration sequences that are composed of transgressive systems tract in the lower part and highstand systems tract in the upper part.The transgressive systems tracts are relatively thin in thickness and have fewer parasequences (commonly 1 to 2), while the highstand systems tracts are thick, generally consist of several parasequences.

Sequence Stratigraphy of the Permian--Triassia Boundary Section of Changxing, Zhejiang, Southern China

Three third-order sequences and about one hundred high-frequency cycles or Milankovitchcycles within the Late Permian Changxingian to Early Triassic Griesbachian are identified in theMeishan Section of Changxing, Zhejiang Province, southern China, the candidate stratotype sec-tion of the global Permo-Triassic boundary, based on a detailed study of the biological,ecological and high-resolution allochthonous cyclic events, microfacies and depositional systems.Furthermore, the stacking pattern of the depositional systems across various Changxingian andGriesbachian sedimentary facies of the Lower Yangtze and the sequence stratigraphic frameworkare outlined with the Meishan section as the principal section. In this paper the habitat types offossil biota are applied to semiquantitative palaeobathymetry and the study of relative sea levelchanges.

鄂尔多斯盆地延安地区本溪组高分辨率层序地层与沉积特征

鄂尔多斯盆地延安地区油气资源储藏丰富,本溪组是重要的勘探层段之一,但其沉积环境复杂,砂体分布及沉积演化特征不明确,制约了该地区天然气勘探开发的进程。因此,加强对延安地区本溪组地质学方面的研究,尤其是层序地层、沉积特征及演化的研究,将对该地区的古地理重建、油气勘探及开发提供有利的理论支撑。以高分辨率层序地层学、沉积岩石学、测井地质学和沉积学为理论指导,研究了鄂尔多斯盆地延安地区晚古生代本溪组的地层和沉积特征,确定了其层序地层单元划分、等时地层格架、沉积相类型及演化过程。研究结果表明,在层序地层方面,本溪组内可以识别出1个长期基准面旋回、2个中期基准面旋回和多个短期旋回;在沉积相类型方面,识别出12种岩石类型和7种岩相组合,据此认为延安地区本溪组发育潮坪和障壁岛—潟湖沉积相,进而识别出潮道、砂坪、混合坪、泥坪、泥炭坪、障壁岛砂坝、潟湖泥等沉积微相;在沉积相展布方面,研究区西南部和南部以潮坪沉积为主,东北部和北部以障壁岛—潟湖沉积为主,本1段和本2段的沉积格局基本一致。

高分辨率层序地层学在北部湾盆地重点层系选段中的应用

北部湾盆地是南海北部五大含油气盆地之一,油气资源潜力大、有较好的勘探前景,但是北部湾盆地三级构造单元海中凹陷古近系涠洲组地质研究程度较低、地层厚度大,严重制约了海中凹陷的油气勘探。高分辨率层序地层学在低勘探程度区域是一种有效的地层划分手段。依托三维地震资料、测井资料、岩心资料,在地震剖面二、三级层序界面和测井层序界面识别的基础上,采用最大熵谱分析、小波变换分析、岩心分析方法,对海中凹陷涠洲组进行了高分辨率层序识别与划分,研究表明最大熵谱分析对于三、四级层序界面具有较高的分辨性,小波变换可以进行四—六级及更高级别旋回分析,而岩心资料可以进行短期、超短期旋回分析。综合三维地震、测井、最大熵谱分析、小波变换技术和岩心资料将涠洲组划分为1个二级层序,包括6个三级层序、13个四级层序,并且根据13个四级层序含砂率对比,涠三段SQ6-LST四级层序含砂率最高,涠三段SQ6-HST四级层序次之,勘探潜力较大。本研究对低勘探程度凹陷重点层系选段具有一定指导意义。

高精度层序格架与源-汇系统约束下的沉积体系分析方法:以涠西南凹陷始新统流一段为例

北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷的勘探方向已经从构造圈闭转移到岩性圈闭上,寻找岩性油气藏的核心问题就是明确砂体的展布。以涠西南凹陷流沙港组一段为研究对象,综合利用碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄、测井、录井、岩心及地震等资料,对研究区目的层进行了高精度层序划分和沉积体系时空展布研究,明确了涠西南凹陷流沙港组一段沉积相类型及分布规律。研究表明,目的层流沙港组一段可以划分为1个三级层序、3个体系域以及8个准层序组。通过对研究区源-汇体系与沉积相分析,表明涠西南凹陷的沉积物主要来自西北部万山物源、东部企西物源、东南部涠西南物源以及西南部物源。涠西南凹陷流沙港组一段主要发育三角洲、湖泊和湖底扇等3种沉积相类型。低位期主要发育中深湖和湖底扇沉积,发育浊积水道、天然堤和席状朵体等沉积微相;湖扩期主要以深湖泥沉积微相为主;高位期则主要发育三角洲前缘沉积,其中水下分流河道、水下分流河道间较为发育,河口坝、席状砂等沉积微相发育较少。B洼主要发育西部三角洲进积滑塌型、南部近源断坡带型和东部远源缓坡型等3种类型湖底扇,其中,南部物源体系规模大、成藏条件好,是下一步勘探最具潜力的目标。

基于Attention-Inception网络集成的雷达HRRP序列目标识别方法

传统的雷达高分辨距离像(High Resolution Range Profile,HRRP)序列识别方法依赖于人工提取特征,并且在使用现有的经典深度学习方法识别小数据集时存在梯度消失和过拟合问题,导致收敛速度慢,识别率低。针对上述问题,提出了一种基于注意力机制的集成Inception网络模型,通过集成Attention-Inception单分支网络,实现了HRRP序列更深层次特征的提取;通过对模型的损失函数加入L2正则化,缓解小数据集在集成网络中的过拟合问题;利用Inception Ⅰ和Inception Ⅱ结构提取HRRP序列多尺度特征,并引入注意力机制计算特征序列的分配权重;加入残差结构,减缓了集成网络梯度消失问题。在预处理后的HRRP序列上进行实验结果表明,所提方法的目标识别率达到93.3%,并且与未去除噪声的HRRP序列相比目标识别率提高了14.67%。

Sequence Stratigraphic Analysis of the First Layer,Upper Second Submember,Shahejie Formation in Pucheng Oilfield

In view of the high accuracy and predictability, high-resolution sequence stratigraphy had been extensively applied to oil exploration and gotten prominent practicable results. This article takes the first layer, upper second submember, Shahejie （沙河街） Formation from Pucheng （濮城） oilfield as an example to analyze the application of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy in reservoir study on the basis of a comprehensive study of core log data. Firstly, facies analysis of this area reveals the corresponding terminal fan system occurring where sediment-laden streams decrease in size and vanish as a result of evaporation and transmission losses. The model includes a tripartite zonation of terminal fan into feeder, distributary, and basinal zones. Secondly, electrofacies were made by well-log analysis and then matched with sedimentary facies defined by core analysis. Four electrofacies characterizing the main sedimentary facies association and depositional environments within target area are defined （channel, lag deposit, lake or flood-plain, and overflow deposits）. Thirdly, related correlations based on high-resolution sequence stratigraphy were established. By observing the stacking arrangement of genetic sequences, different scales of stratigraphic cycle can be identified. Within scale and duration, the stratigraphic cycles are termed as genetic sequences, genetic sequence sets, and minor cycles.

K-bentonite beds and high-resolution integrated strati- graphy of the uppermost Ordovician Wufeng and the lowest Silurian Longmaxi formations in South China

More than 20 K-bentonite beds were discovered from the Wufeng Formation and the lowest Longmaxi Formation in two sections, both adjacent to the Ordovician-Silurian (O-S) bound-ary and located in Tongzi, Guizhou Province and Yichang, Hubei Province, some 500 km apart from each other in South China. This indicates that many volcanic eruptions occurred near the southeast margin of the Yangtze Platform between the latest Ordovician and the earliest Silurian. Mainly through biostratigraphic and sequence stratigraphic studies, it was found that almost all these far-apart K-bentonite beds may be correlated with each other. This is the first time that a succession of volcanic ash deposits with high potential of correlation was discovered within a strata interval on the main platforms of China. Therefore, these K-bentonite beds may afford ex-cellent event-marker beds helpful to high-resolution research in integrated stratigraphy as well as other lines of research on the O-S boundary in South China.

基于测序技术的核糖核酸修饰定位分析方法研究进展

迄今为止,已在核糖核酸(RNA)中发现了170多种不同的化学修饰,这些修饰分布在各种类型的RNA中,包括信使RNA(mRNA)、核糖体RNA(rRNA)、转运RNA(tRNA)和小核RNA(snRNA)等。RNA修饰在广泛的生物过程中发挥着至关重要的作用,如调节基因表达、维持RNA稳定性和促进蛋白质翻译等。RNA修饰构成了基因表达调控的新层面,即“表观转录组”。RNA修饰以及相关修饰酶(writer)、去修饰酶(eraser)和修饰识别蛋白(reader)的发现,为研究RNA修饰的动态调控及生理功能提供了重要依据。随着RNA修饰检测技术的发展,RNA表观转录组学研究进入了单碱基分辨率、多层面、全覆盖的发展阶段。这些覆盖全转录组的分析方法有助于发现新的RNA修饰位点,对于阐明表观转录组学的分子调控机制、探索RNA修饰的疾病关联及临床应用具有重要意义。根据处理方式及测序原理的差异,现有的RNA修饰测序技术可以分为直接高通量测序、抗体富集测序、酶辅助测序、化学辅助测序、代谢标记测序和纳米孔测序。这些方法伴随着RNA修饰功能的研究大大拓展了人们对表观转录组学的认识。在这篇综述中,我们总结了近年来有关RNA修饰检测技术的进展,重点聚焦于不同方法的基本原理、优势和局限性。针对不同类型的RNA修饰,探讨测序分析方法,对未来新型RNA修饰定位技术的开发具有指导意义,有助于在全转录组范围内研究RNA修饰的功能。

高精度层序地层分析:建立沉积相和储层规模的等时地层格架

高精度层序地层分析以三级层序内高精度的层序地层单元的划分和对比为主要目的 ,它可为沉积体系的沉积构成和油气储、盖组合等研究提供精细的地层对比框架。从滨浅海至陆相湖盆的充填分析均表明 ,三级层序内可依据高频的海 (湖 )泛面或沉积基准面的变化划分出若干高精度的层序地层单元 ,包括四、五级层序以及低位、水进、高位及下降等 4个体系域。四级层序的识别和对比是建立高精度层序地层格架的关键。在煤、油气盆地中 。

河口坝砂体构型精细解剖

综合应用高分辨率层序地层学理论和储集层构型分析法,以济阳坳陷东营凹陷胜坨油田胜二区沙二段8砂层组为例,对河口坝构型进行研究。通过层次分析,将河口坝分为3种级次:河口坝复合体,单一河口坝,河口坝内增生体。中期基准面旋回、短期基准面旋回及超短期基准面旋回分别控制这3种级次砂体构型的发育。沙二段8砂层组的3个中期基准面半旋回水体由深变浅的过程回控制了3套反韵律河口坝复合砂体的形成;每个中期旋回内部又发育若干由短期基准面旋回控制的单一河口坝砂体,这些砂体垂向相互叠置,形成向湖盆方向斜列的一系列砂体;单一河口坝砂体内部发育河口坝增生体。河口坝复合砂体间发育水平泥质隔夹层,单一河口坝砂体之间发育斜交隔夹层,增生体之间局部发育水平夹层或斜交夹层,对剩余油分布有较大影响。在上述研究的基础上,建立了河口坝储集层构型模式。

高精度层序地层学和储层预测

当前层序地层学的研究不断从盆地规模的层序地层和体系域分析向储层规模的高精度层序地层学的方向深化。层序地层学的概念和方法可应用于从盆地到储层的各种规模的沉积充填分析。高精度层序地层学是以露头、岩芯、测井和高分辨地震等密集控制的资料分析为基础的。精细的测井分析、高分辨三维地震剖面和各种参数处理和切片技术、计算机模拟及可视化技术等是开展高精度层序地层学研究和应用于地下沉积地质分析的重要支持。高精度层序地层学的概念和方法为盆地沉积充填的精细研究。

油气储层的层次划分和对比技术

构造运动、沉积作用和气候变化具有一定的周期性 ,导致沉积物在时间、空间上具有旋回性 ,垂向上具有分段性和周期性 ,平面上具有分带性 ,因此 ,沉积地层是具有层次的。依据这一原理 ,层次的划分由低级到高级划分为 9级层次。根据盆地演化、古生物、同位素及地质年代资料 ,将盆地基底或盖层作为 1级层次 ,界、系、统为2、3、4级层次 ,这是进行油气储层划分的基础。根据露头、岩芯、地震、测井资料在第 4级层次内划分出第 5级层次 (层序 ) ;继而根据高分辨率层序地层学原理在第 5级层次内可划分出第 6、7级层次 (中、短期旋回 )。最后 ,根据储层建筑结构层次分析原理和方法在第 7级层次内再划分出 8、9级层次 (单一成因砂体、复合成因砂体 )。层次的解释应在充分运用事件地层学、泥砂运动力学、现代沉积、露头调查、模拟实验的基础上 ,对沉积过程和层次成因作出合理解释。层次对比应遵循先低级后高级、先区域后局部及等时对比的原则 ,力求使各种地层对比、划分方法有机结合起来 ,取长补短 。

高分辨率层序地层学方法在沉积前古地貌恢复中的应用

古地形地貌是控制盆地内沉积相发育与分布的主导因素 ,是沉积学研究的基本内容之一。高分辨率层序地层学是以基准面旋回变化和可容纳空间变化原理为基础 ,揭示基准面旋回层序与沉积动力学和地层响应过程的关系。应用高分辨率层序地层学方法进行地层对比能使地层对比等时性更强、精度更高 ,进而能更好地反映原始古地貌特征。高分辨率层序地层学方法恢复古地貌是建立在沉积相分析基础上 ,其技术关键是对比参照面的选择。文章详细讨论了单一沉积体系和多种沉积体系组合沉积前古地貌恢复的基本方法和步骤 。

高分辨率层序分析在河流相砂体等时对比中的应用

从深入分析河流砂体与基准面旋回的关系出发,详细讨论了河流砂体在地层格架中的发育位置、分布规律、成因特征,以及层序界面对河流砂体几何形态、稳定性和储集性等特征的直接控制作用。在此基础上,提出基于高分辨率层序分析的、相当时间—地层反演的河流相小层砂体等时对比新技术方法,提出相控模式条件下的"等高程、非同期、异成因"和"非等高程、同期、同成因"砂体的两种等时对比模式。

川西白马庙气田上侏罗统蓬莱镇组高分辨率层序地层对比

井震结合对川西白马庙气田蓬莱镇组进行了多级次高分辨率层序地层对比。首先对不同级次层序界面进行识别,然后依据相序、岩石的物理性质、地层的接触关系等特征并结合地震层序界面追踪,进行单井不同级次基准面旋回层序识别划分,划分出短期、中期和长期三个级次的基准面旋回。选取密集井网的联井剖面,依据等时地层对比法则并利用地震资料约束进行不同级次基准面旋回层序的联井对比,建立高精度的等时地层对比格架,在等时地层格架内进行了单砂体的对比。最后在等时地层格架内分析了储层的时空展布。

中国高分辨率层序地层学的研究现状

由科罗拉多矿业学院Cross教授提出的高分辨率层序地层学是以岩芯、三维露头、测井和高分辨率地震反射剖面资料为基础,运用精细层序划分和对比技术将钻井的一维信息变为三维地层关系,建立区域、油田乃至油藏级储层的成因地层对比格架,对储层、隔层及烃源岩分布进行评价及预测的一种新理论。其基本理论包括基准面原理、体积划分原理、相分异原理与旋回等时对比法则。20世纪90年代中期高分辨率层序地层学理论由邓宏文引入国内,大大地推动了国内高分辨率层序地层学的发展。中国高分辨率层序地层学研究取得的丰硕成果主要表现在:理论上的创新、油气勘探开发应用领域的拓宽和其他方面上的应用等。虽然高分辨率层序地层学仍有许多不足之处,但在陆相层序地层学的研究中,与经典层序地层学相比,它摆脱了海平面变化是层序形成的主控因素这一思想的束缚,从而可以实现对陆相高分辨率层序地层格架的构建,因此它是非常实用的一种新理论。