Fluoride mediated nano-sized ZSM-5 （ZSM-5-F） with a high Si/AI ratio of 181 was fabricated using a seed-induction method and evaluated the catalysis of the methanol to propylene （MTP） reaction. High propylene sele...Fluoride mediated nano-sized ZSM-5 （ZSM-5-F） with a high Si/AI ratio of 181 was fabricated using a seed-induction method and evaluated the catalysis of the methanol to propylene （MTP） reaction. High propylene selectivity （45%） was similar to ZSM-5-OH synthesized via a hydroxide route. However, ZSM- 5-F showed much longer lifetime （305 h） compared with ZSM-5-OH （157 h） in spite of similar crystal size and aluminum content. Characterization by NH3-TPD. Py-IR, OH-IR, SEM, TG-DTA, XRD and 1H MAS NMR techniques indicated that the enhanced catalytic performance of ZSM-S-F is attributed to the fewer structural defects in the form of internal silanol groups and silanol nests.展开更多
Improving the galvanizability of high silicon advanced high strength steels （AHSS） is a practical technical challenge. In this study, spot defects on an industrial hot dip galvanized （GI） sheet of an AHSS with 1.5...Improving the galvanizability of high silicon advanced high strength steels （AHSS） is a practical technical challenge. In this study, spot defects on an industrial hot dip galvanized （GI） sheet of an AHSS with 1.5 % Si has been studied in-depth. The surface morphologies of spot defects before and after partial and complete removal of the Zn layer, as well as the interface between the outermost coating layer and the sheet substrate were characterized using optical microscopy （ OM）, scanning electron microscopy （ SEM）, a 3-D optical profiler, energy dispersive spectroscopy（ EDS ） and focused ion beam （FIB） analysis. The most outstanding spot defect on the normally coated area of the steel sheet has a diameter of approximately 500μm, with the following characteristics. In the central region of the spot defect,Zn is barely coated and the sheet substrate is covered by a thin silicon oxide film with dispersed Zn-Fe intermetallics. At the periphery of the spot defect, a burst structure of Zn-Fe intermetallics forms on the sheet substrate. Outside the spot defect where the Zn layer is normally coated, there is a continuous Fe2Al5 inhibition layer between the Zn coating and the sheet substrate. These results indicate that a silicon oxide film forms on the substrate during annealing prior to hot dipping, thus preventing the formation of the Fe2Al5 inhibition layer during hot dipping. This causes spot defects on high Si AHSS sheets.展开更多
An austenitic stainless steel with 6 wt% Si and multiple secondary phases was produced with the aim to achieve enhanced plasticity during hot deformation.The micro structure of the steel after fracture was characteriz...An austenitic stainless steel with 6 wt% Si and multiple secondary phases was produced with the aim to achieve enhanced plasticity during hot deformation.The micro structure of the steel after fracture was characterized via electron back-scattered diffraction,transmission Kikuchi diffraction and scanning transmission electron microscopy.From the tail of the gage to the necking region,the microstructure of the material evolved from low-angle grain boundaries(LAGB s) to mixtures of LAGBs and high-angle grain boundaries(HAGBs),and fine equiaxed recrystallized grains.The elongation to failure in the tensile test exceeds 167%.During the hot deformation,continuous dynamic recrystallization of the austenitic matrix was promoted by the multiple secondary phases.The dislocations introduced by the secondary phases were rearranged and continuously transformed into HAGBs.The initially coarse grains(30.5 μm) were refined into ultra-fine equiaxed grains(1 μm),which contributed significantly the enhanced plasticity during hot deformation of the steel.In the necking area of the sample,twins were nucleated in the stress concentration regions and accommodated the local strain by discontinuous dynamic recrystallization,which was also beneficial to improving the plasticity.展开更多
文摘Fluoride mediated nano-sized ZSM-5 （ZSM-5-F） with a high Si/AI ratio of 181 was fabricated using a seed-induction method and evaluated the catalysis of the methanol to propylene （MTP） reaction. High propylene selectivity （45%） was similar to ZSM-5-OH synthesized via a hydroxide route. However, ZSM- 5-F showed much longer lifetime （305 h） compared with ZSM-5-OH （157 h） in spite of similar crystal size and aluminum content. Characterization by NH3-TPD. Py-IR, OH-IR, SEM, TG-DTA, XRD and 1H MAS NMR techniques indicated that the enhanced catalytic performance of ZSM-S-F is attributed to the fewer structural defects in the form of internal silanol groups and silanol nests.
文摘Improving the galvanizability of high silicon advanced high strength steels （AHSS） is a practical technical challenge. In this study, spot defects on an industrial hot dip galvanized （GI） sheet of an AHSS with 1.5 % Si has been studied in-depth. The surface morphologies of spot defects before and after partial and complete removal of the Zn layer, as well as the interface between the outermost coating layer and the sheet substrate were characterized using optical microscopy （ OM）, scanning electron microscopy （ SEM）, a 3-D optical profiler, energy dispersive spectroscopy（ EDS ） and focused ion beam （FIB） analysis. The most outstanding spot defect on the normally coated area of the steel sheet has a diameter of approximately 500μm, with the following characteristics. In the central region of the spot defect,Zn is barely coated and the sheet substrate is covered by a thin silicon oxide film with dispersed Zn-Fe intermetallics. At the periphery of the spot defect, a burst structure of Zn-Fe intermetallics forms on the sheet substrate. Outside the spot defect where the Zn layer is normally coated, there is a continuous Fe2Al5 inhibition layer between the Zn coating and the sheet substrate. These results indicate that a silicon oxide film forms on the substrate during annealing prior to hot dipping, thus preventing the formation of the Fe2Al5 inhibition layer during hot dipping. This causes spot defects on high Si AHSS sheets.
文摘An austenitic stainless steel with 6 wt% Si and multiple secondary phases was produced with the aim to achieve enhanced plasticity during hot deformation.The micro structure of the steel after fracture was characterized via electron back-scattered diffraction,transmission Kikuchi diffraction and scanning transmission electron microscopy.From the tail of the gage to the necking region,the microstructure of the material evolved from low-angle grain boundaries(LAGB s) to mixtures of LAGBs and high-angle grain boundaries(HAGBs),and fine equiaxed recrystallized grains.The elongation to failure in the tensile test exceeds 167%.During the hot deformation,continuous dynamic recrystallization of the austenitic matrix was promoted by the multiple secondary phases.The dislocations introduced by the secondary phases were rearranged and continuously transformed into HAGBs.The initially coarse grains(30.5 μm) were refined into ultra-fine equiaxed grains(1 μm),which contributed significantly the enhanced plasticity during hot deformation of the steel.In the necking area of the sample,twins were nucleated in the stress concentration regions and accommodated the local strain by discontinuous dynamic recrystallization,which was also beneficial to improving the plasticity.
